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BOOK
Promoting Health and Wellness in the Geriatric Patient, An Issue of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics, edited by Dr. David A. Soto-Quijano, will cover the Promotion of Health and Wellness in the Geriatric Patient. Topics discussed in the volume include, but are not limited to: Benefits of Exercise in the Older Population; Alternative Exercise Modalities and Its Effect in Older Populations; Neurocognitive Decline of the Elder Patient; Effects of Spirituality in the Quality of Life of the Elderly; Clinical Pharmacology and the Risks of Polypharmacy in the Geriatric Patient; The Competitive Senior Athlete; Rehabilitation Needs of the Elderly patient with Cancer; and Aging with Spinal Cord Injury, among others.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Cover | Cover | ||
Promoting Health andWellness in the GeriatricPatient\r | i | ||
Copyright\r | ii | ||
Contributors | iii | ||
CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
EDITOR | iii | ||
AUTHORS | iii | ||
Contents | vii | ||
Foreword | vii | ||
Foreword: Aging with Grace, Dignity, and Courage: A Mission for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | vii | ||
Preface | vii | ||
Benefits of Exercise in the Older Population | vii | ||
Alternative Treatment Modalities and Its Effect in Older Populations | vii | ||
Can We Increase Our Health Span? | vii | ||
Psychosocial Issues in Geriatric Rehabilitation | viii | ||
Physiologic Changes of the Musculoskeletal System with Aging: A Brief Review | viii | ||
Normal Changes in Gait and Mobility Problems in the Elderly | viii | ||
Balance Problems and Fall Risks in the Elderly | viii | ||
Clinical Pharmacology and the Risks of Polypharmacy in the Geriatric Patient | ix | ||
Nutritional Needs of the Older Adult | ix | ||
The Competitive Senior Athlete | ix | ||
Musculoskeletal Injuries and Regenerative Medicine in the Elderly Patient | ix | ||
Clinical Considerations for the Use Lower Extremity Arthroplasty in the Elderly | x | ||
Rehabilitation Needs of the Elderly Patient with Cancer | x | ||
Aging with Spinal Cord Injury: An Update | x | ||
Rehabilitation Needs of the Elder with Traumatic Brain Injury | x | ||
PHYSICAL MEDICINEANDREHABILITATION\rCLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA\r | xii | ||
FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xii | ||
February 2018 | xii | ||
May 2018 | xii | ||
August 2018 | xii | ||
RECENT ISSUES | xii | ||
August 2017 | xii | ||
May 2017 | xii | ||
February 2017 | xii | ||
Foreword | xiii | ||
REFERENCES | xvii | ||
Foreword\r | xix | ||
Aging with Grace, Dignity, and Courage: A Mission for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | xix | ||
Preface | xxi | ||
REFERENCE | xxii | ||
Benefits of Exercise in the Older Population | 659 | ||
Key points | 659 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 659 | ||
AEROBIC/ENDURANCE | 660 | ||
Basic Concepts | 660 | ||
What is the Evidence? | 660 | ||
Benefits in Chronic Disease | 660 | ||
Exercise Recommendations | 660 | ||
RESISTANCE/STRENGTHENING | 661 | ||
Basic Concepts | 661 | ||
What is the Evidence? | 661 | ||
Benefits in Chronic Disease | 662 | ||
Exercise Recommendations | 662 | ||
FLEXIBILITY/STRETCHING | 662 | ||
Basic Concepts | 662 | ||
What is the Evidence? | 663 | ||
Benefits in Chronic Disease | 663 | ||
Exercise Recommendations | 664 | ||
STABILITY/BALANCE | 664 | ||
Basic Concepts | 664 | ||
What is the Evidence? | 665 | ||
Benefits in Chronic Disease | 665 | ||
Exercise Recommendations | 665 | ||
BENEFITS OF EXERCISE ON COGNITION AND QUALITY OF LIFE | 666 | ||
BENEFITS OF SPORTS PARTICIPATION | 667 | ||
PRECAUTIONS AND BARRIERS | 667 | ||
SUMMARY | 667 | ||
REFERENCES | 667 | ||
Alternative Treatment Modalities and Its Effect in Older Populations | 671 | ||
Key points | 671 | ||
ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT MODALITIES AND THEIR EFFECT IN OLDER POPULATIONS | 671 | ||
Tai Chi | 672 | ||
Yoga | 673 | ||
Meditation | 674 | ||
Dance | 675 | ||
Music | 675 | ||
Cryotherapy | 676 | ||
Video Games | 677 | ||
Sleep and Circadian Rhythms | 677 | ||
SUMMARY | 678 | ||
REFERENCES | 678 | ||
Can We Increase Our Health Span? | 681 | ||
Key points | 681 | ||
THEORIES OF AGING | 682 | ||
CAUSES OF AGING | 682 | ||
GENETIC INFLUENCE | 685 | ||
Sirtuins | 685 | ||
Mechanistic or Mammalian Target of Rapamycin | 685 | ||
FOXO3 GENE | 686 | ||
Caloric Restriction | 686 | ||
Effects of caloric restriction | 686 | ||
Caloric restriction mimetics | 688 | ||
SUMMARY | 690 | ||
REFERENCES | 691 | ||
Psychosocial Issues in Geriatric Rehabilitation | 693 | ||
Key points | 693 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 693 | ||
DISCUSSION | 694 | ||
Depression in Geriatric Patients | 694 | ||
Screening for depression in late adulthood | 694 | ||
Interventions strategies | 695 | ||
Anxiety and the Fear of Falling | 696 | ||
Screening for anxiety | 696 | ||
Interventions strategies | 697 | ||
Adjustment Difficulties in Late Adulthood | 698 | ||
Changes in roles | 698 | ||
Vocational issues and volunteerism | 698 | ||
Neurocognitive Disorders | 699 | ||
Screening tools | 699 | ||
Intervention Strategies | 700 | ||
Caregiver Support | 700 | ||
Perceptions on Aging and Resilience | 701 | ||
SUMMARY | 701 | ||
REFERENCES | 701 | ||
Physiologic Changes of the Musculoskeletal System with Aging | 705 | ||
Key points | 705 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 705 | ||
MUSCLE STRENGTH | 706 | ||
MUSCLE SIZE | 707 | ||
MUSCLE QUALITY AND ALTERATIONS IN SINGLE MUSCLE FIBERS | 707 | ||
DETERMINANTS OF FORCE, POWER, MOVEMENT, AND FUNCTION | 708 | ||
TENDONS | 709 | ||
LIGAMENTS | 709 | ||
BONE | 709 | ||
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE | 710 | ||
SUMMARY | 710 | ||
REFERENCES | 710 | ||
Normal Changes in Gait and Mobility Problems in the Elderly | 713 | ||
Key points | 713 | ||
BACKGROUND | 713 | ||
HUMAN WALKING | 714 | ||
GAIT DEVIATIONS WITH AGING | 716 | ||
Gait Parameters | 716 | ||
Energy Cost | 719 | ||
Postural Changes | 720 | ||
MOBILITY PROBLEMS AND FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE IN THE ELDERLY | 721 | ||
Mobility and Activities of Daily Living | 721 | ||
Muscle Strength | 721 | ||
Balance | 721 | ||
Fear of Falling | 722 | ||
Other Independent Factors | 722 | ||
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, COGNITION, AND MOBILITY | 722 | ||
GAPS IN EVIDENCE | 723 | ||
SUMMARY | 723 | ||
REFERENCES | 723 | ||
Balance Problems and Fall Risks in the Elderly | 727 | ||
Key points | 727 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 727 | ||
Demographics and Scope of the Problem | 727 | ||
PATIENT ASSESSMENT | 728 | ||
Conditions | 728 | ||
Gait and balance disorders | 728 | ||
Cognitive impairment | 728 | ||
Musculoskeletal conditions and pain | 728 | ||
Vision | 729 | ||
Medications | 729 | ||
Sarcopenia | 730 | ||
Patient Evaluation | 730 | ||
History | 730 | ||
Physical examination | 730 | ||
PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES | 733 | ||
Nonpharmacologic | 733 | ||
Exercise | 733 | ||
Environmental assessments and modifications | 734 | ||
Pharmacologic | 734 | ||
SUMMARY | 735 | ||
REFERENCES | 735 | ||
Clinical Pharmacology and the Risks of Polypharmacy in the Geriatric Patient | 739 | ||
Key points | 739 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 739 | ||
Impact of Aging Population | 739 | ||
The normal aging process | 739 | ||
Geriatric Syndromes | 740 | ||
Frailty syndrome | 740 | ||
Sleep problems | 740 | ||
Bladder control problems | 740 | ||
Delirium | 741 | ||
Dementia | 741 | ||
Falls | 741 | ||
Osteoporosis | 741 | ||
Weight loss | 741 | ||
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY | 741 | ||
Definition | 741 | ||
Pharmacokinetics | 742 | ||
AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN PHARMACOKINETICS AND THE ELDERLY | 742 | ||
Absorption | 742 | ||
Distribution | 742 | ||
Metabolism | 742 | ||
Excretion | 742 | ||
PHARMACODYNAMICS | 742 | ||
RISK OF POLYPHARMACY IN THE GERIATRIC PATIENT | 743 | ||
Polypharmacy | 743 | ||
Patient at Risk Evidence-Based Strategies | 743 | ||
INTERVENING TO REDUCE POLYPHARMACY AND SIMPLIFIED MEDICATION REGIMEN | 743 | ||
HOW TO SIMPLIFY A MEDICATION REGIMEN | 744 | ||
INAPPROPRIATE MEDICATION USE | 744 | ||
TOOLS TO HELP DECREASE POTENTIALLY INAPPROPRIATE DRUG USE | 744 | ||
MEDICATION ERRORS | 744 | ||
Prescribing | 744 | ||
Transcribing and Dispensing | 745 | ||
Administration | 745 | ||
Judicious prescribing | 745 | ||
REFERENCES | 745 | ||
Nutritional Needs of the Older Adult | 747 | ||
Key points | 747 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 747 | ||
DIETARY GUIDANCE FOR OLDER ADULTS | 747 | ||
DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS AND MYPLATE | 748 | ||
THE DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES | 748 | ||
NUTRIENT RECOMMENDATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS | 748 | ||
Energy | 748 | ||
Carbohydrates and Fiber | 750 | ||
Fat | 750 | ||
Protein | 750 | ||
Fluids | 751 | ||
MICRONUTRIENTS: VITAMINS AND MINERALS | 751 | ||
B Vitamins | 751 | ||
Calcium and Vitamin D | 752 | ||
Sodium | 753 | ||
Iron | 753 | ||
Zinc | 754 | ||
Antioxidants | 754 | ||
Alcohol | 755 | ||
NUTRITIONAL AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS | 755 | ||
BODY SYSTEM CHANGES AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN OLDER ADULTS | 755 | ||
Body Composition | 757 | ||
Overweight and Obesity | 757 | ||
Sarcopenic Obesity | 757 | ||
Weight Loss and Malnutrition | 757 | ||
Other Body Systems | 757 | ||
FACTORS THAT AFFECT DIET AND FOOD INTAKE IN OLDER ADULTS | 758 | ||
HEALTH, MEDICAL, AND PHYSICAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE DIET | 758 | ||
ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT DIET | 759 | ||
PROMOTING NUTRITION AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLES FOR OLDER ADULTS | 759 | ||
NUTRITION PROGRAMS FOR OLDER ADULTS | 759 | ||
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY | 760 | ||
CLINICAL AND END-OF-LIFE NUTRITION AND HYDRATION CONSIDERATIONS | 760 | ||
SUMMARY | 760 | ||
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 761 | ||
REFERENCES | 761 | ||
The Competitive Senior Athlete | 767 | ||
Key points | 767 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 767 | ||
THE OLDER ATHLETE AND DIABETES | 768 | ||
THE OLDER ATHLETE AND CARDIAC CONDITIONS | 769 | ||
THE OLDER ATHLETE AND OSTEOARTHRITIS | 771 | ||
THE OLDER ATHLETE AND DEHYDRATION | 772 | ||
USE OF COMMON MEDICATIONS IN THE OLDER ATHLETE | 772 | ||
REFERENCES | 773 | ||
Musculoskeletal Injuries and Regenerative Medicine in the Elderly Patient | 777 | ||
Key points | 777 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 777 | ||
COMMON CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE ELDERLY | 777 | ||
Tendinopathy | 777 | ||
Rotator cuff tendinopathy | 778 | ||
Gluteal tendinopathy | 778 | ||
Knee extensor mechanism tendinopathy | 778 | ||
Achilles tendinopathy | 779 | ||
Degenerative Joint Disease | 779 | ||
Degenerative Disc Disease | 779 | ||
Spinal Stenosis | 780 | ||
REGENERATIVE TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS | 780 | ||
Viscosupplementation: Historical Perspective and Use | 780 | ||
Tenotomy | 780 | ||
Prolotherapy | 782 | ||
Platelet-Rich Plasma | 784 | ||
Preparations | 784 | ||
Applications | 784 | ||
Stem Cell Therapies | 785 | ||
Stem cell theory | 785 | ||
Definition | 785 | ||
Sources | 786 | ||
Clinical applications | 786 | ||
Bone marrow concentrate injectables | 786 | ||
Adipose-derived concentrate injectables | 787 | ||
Clinical indications, research, and future directions | 788 | ||
REFERENCES | 788 | ||
Clinical Considerations for the Use Lower Extremity Arthroplasty in the Elderly | 795 | ||
Key points | 795 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 795 | ||
Patient Evaluation | 796 | ||
Pharmacologic Treatment | 796 | ||
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs | 796 | ||
Corticosteroid injections | 797 | ||
Opioids | 797 | ||
Viscosupplementation | 797 | ||
Glucosamine-chondroitin sulfate | 797 | ||
Platelet-rich plasma injections | 798 | ||
Nonpharmacologic Management | 798 | ||
Rehabilitation, education, and wellness activity | 798 | ||
Weight loss | 798 | ||
Surgical Management in the Older Patient | 798 | ||
Diabetes | 799 | ||
Obesity | 799 | ||
Smoking | 799 | ||
Cardiovascular disease | 799 | ||
Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis | 799 | ||
Blood management | 800 | ||
Operative Techniques and Implant Selection | 800 | ||
Total knee arthroplasty | 800 | ||
Total hip arthroplasty | 801 | ||
COMPLICATIONS IN LOWER EXTREMITY ARTHROPLASTY | 801 | ||
Pain Management and Rehabilitation | 802 | ||
Outcome and Lifestyle After Lower Extremity Arthroplasty in the Elderly | 802 | ||
SUMMARY | 803 | ||
REFERENCES | 804 | ||
Rehabilitation Needs of the Elderly Patient with Cancer | 811 | ||
Key points | 811 | ||
BACKGROUND | 811 | ||
PHYSIATRIC ASSESSMENT OF THE ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CANCER | 812 | ||
PAIN IN THE GERIATRIC PATIENT WITH CANCER | 814 | ||
FATIGUE | 815 | ||
LYMPHEDEMA | 815 | ||
BONE HEALTH | 816 | ||
SUMMARY | 817 | ||
REFERENCES | 817 | ||
Aging with Spinal Cord Injury | 821 | ||
Key points | 821 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 821 | ||
HEALTH COMPLICATIONS OF PERSONS WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY | 822 | ||
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES | 822 | ||
MUSCULOSKELETAL CHANGES | 822 | ||
BONE HEALTH | 823 | ||
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM | 823 | ||
NEUROGENIC BLADDER | 823 | ||
PAIN | 824 | ||
MENTAL HEALTH | 824 | ||
QUALITY OF LIFE AND PARTICIPATION | 824 | ||
SUMMARY | 826 | ||
REFERENCES | 826 | ||
Rehabilitation Needs of the Elder with Traumatic Brain Injury | 829 | ||
Key points | 829 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 829 | ||
THE CONTINUUM OF REHABILITATION AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY IN THE ELDERLY | 830 | ||
Acute Care | 830 | ||
Inpatient Rehabilitation | 830 | ||
Polypharmacy | 830 | ||
Posttraumatic hydrocephalus | 831 | ||
Cognitive impairment | 831 | ||
Behavioral and affective disturbance | 832 | ||
Orthostatic hypotension | 833 | ||
Additional considerations | 833 | ||
Functional Outcomes | 833 | ||
Aging with a Traumatic Brain Injury | 835 | ||
Life Expectancy | 837 | ||
A Comprehensive Rehabilitation Plan | 837 | ||
REFERENCES | 837 |