BOOK
Penile, Urethral, and Scrotal Cancer, An Issue of Urologic Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
The Editor has assembled top experts to write authoritative reviews on the latest advances in the diagnosis and treatment of penile, urethral, and scrotal cancers. The issue stresses contrasting approaches and includes articles devoted to the following topics: radiation in primary urethral cancers; the role of node dissection; role of HPV in penile pre-neoplastic and carcinogenesis; advances in penile-sparing surgical approaches in the management of primary penile tumors; minimally invasive approaches to evaluating inguinal nodes in penile cancer patients; multimodal therapy in the management of advanced penile cancer; management of urethral cancer recurrences; Preneoplastic and primary scrotal cancer; and Advances in surgical reconstructive techniques in the management of penile, urethral, and scrotal cancer. The state-of-the article clinical and surgical details in this issue will keep urologists and other healthcare professionals current on the clinical management of these cancers.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Penile, Urethral,and Scrotal Cancer | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| CME Accreditation Page | iii | ||
| PROGRAM OBJECTIVE | iii | ||
| TARGET AUDIENCE | iii | ||
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES | iii | ||
| ACCREDITATION | iii | ||
| DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST | iii | ||
| UNAPPROVED/OFF-LABEL USE DISCLOSURE | iii | ||
| TO ENROLL | iii | ||
| METHOD OF PARTICIPATION | iv | ||
| CME INQUIRIES/SPECIAL NEEDS | iv | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | v | ||
| EDITOR | v | ||
| AUTHORS | v | ||
| Foreword: Penile, Urethral, and Scrotal Cancer\r | ix | ||
| Preface: Penile, Urethral, and Scrotal Cancer\r | ix | ||
| The Role of Human Papilloma Virus in Penile Carcinogenesis and Preneoplastic Lesions: A Potential Target for Vaccination an\r | ix | ||
| Advances in Penile-Preserving Surgical Approaches in the Management of Penile Tumors\r | ix | ||
| Contemporary Role of Radiotherapy in the Management of Primary Penile Tumors and Metastatic Disease\r | ix | ||
| Minimal Invasive Management of Lymph Nodes\r | x | ||
| Surgical Advances in Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection: Optimizing Treatment Outcomes\r | x | ||
| Multimodal Therapy in the Management of Advanced Penile Cancer\r | x | ||
| Emerging Systemic Therapies for the Management of Penile Cancer\r | x | ||
| Contemporary Management of Primary Distal Urethral Cancer\r | xi | ||
| Management of Proximal Primary Urethral Cancer: Should Multidisciplinary Therapy Be the Gold Standard?\r | xi | ||
| Management of Urethral Recurrences: Urothelial and Nonurothelial\r | xi | ||
| Preneoplastic and Primary Scrotal Cancer: Updates on Pathogenesis and Diagnostic Evaluation\r | xi | ||
| Surgical Management of Primary Scrotal Cancer\r | xi | ||
| Advances in Surgical Reconstructive Techniques in the Management of Penile, Urethral, and Scrotal Cancer\r | xii | ||
| Index\r | xii | ||
| UROLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA\r\x0B | xiii | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xiii | ||
| February 2017 | xiii | ||
| May 2017 | xiii | ||
| August 2017 | xiii | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xiii | ||
| August 2016 | xiii | ||
| May 2016 | xiii | ||
| February 2016 | xiii | ||
| Foreword:\rPenile, Urethral, and Scrotal Cancer | xv | ||
| Preface:\rPenile, Urethral, and Scrotal Cancer | xvii | ||
| The Role of Human Papilloma Virus in Penile Carcinogenesis and Preneoplastic Lesions | 419 | ||
| Key points | 419 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 419 | ||
| HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS PATHOGENESIS AND PENILE CANCER | 420 | ||
| HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS PREVALENCE AND PENILE CANCER | 420 | ||
| HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS AND PRENEOPLASTIC LESIONS | 421 | ||
| HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINATION STRATEGIES IN MEN | 421 | ||
| TARGETED THERAPIES IN HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS–ASSOCIATED MALIGNANCY | 422 | ||
| SUMMARY | 424 | ||
| REFERENCES | 424 | ||
| Advances in Penile-Preserving Surgical Approaches in the Management of Penile Tumors | 427 | ||
| Key points | 427 | ||
| WHAT IS AN ONCOLOGICALLY SAFE MARGIN? | 427 | ||
| WHAT SURGICAL OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE BY DISEASE STAGE? | 428 | ||
| For Lesions Confined to the Prepuce: Circumcision | 428 | ||
| For Glanular Lesions up to T1a | 428 | ||
| Glans resurfacing | 428 | ||
| Laser therapy | 429 | ||
| Mohs micrographic surgery | 429 | ||
| Wide local excision/partial glansectomy | 430 | ||
| Stage T1b/T2 Tumors Confined to the Glans: Glansectomy | 430 | ||
| Stage 2b/Distal T3 Disease: Partial Penectomy/Distal Corporectomy | 430 | ||
| WHAT IF THE TUMOR/PEIN EXTENDS INTO THE GLANULAR URETHRA? | 432 | ||
| IS THERE A ROLE FOR PENILE-PRESERVING SURGERY IN SALVAGE TREATMENT? | 433 | ||
| DOES PENILE-PRESERVING SURGERY AFFECT SURVIVAL? | 433 | ||
| SUMMARY | 433 | ||
| REFERENCES | 433 | ||
| Contemporary Role of Radiotherapy in the Management of Primary Penile Tumors and Metastatic Disease | 435 | ||
| Key points | 435 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 435 | ||
| RADIOTHERAPY FOR THE PRIMARY TUMOR | 436 | ||
| CARCINOMA IN SITU | 436 | ||
| INVASIVE CANCER | 436 | ||
| External Beam Radiotherapy | 436 | ||
| Interstitial Low-Dose Rate Brachytherapy | 438 | ||
| High-Dose Rate Interstitial Brachytherapy | 439 | ||
| Surface Mold Plesiotherapy | 441 | ||
| Patient selection | 441 | ||
| Aftercare | 442 | ||
| Late Toxicity | 442 | ||
| Regional Radiotherapy | 443 | ||
| COMBINED CHEMORADIOTHERAPY | 443 | ||
| Palliative Treatment | 445 | ||
| SUMMARY | 445 | ||
| REFERENCES | 446 | ||
| Minimal Invasive Management of Lymph Nodes | 449 | ||
| Key points | 449 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 449 | ||
| ASSESSMENT OF INGUINAL LYMPH NODES | 449 | ||
| CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF THE NODES | 450 | ||
| ULTRASOUND WITH FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY | 450 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING | 450 | ||
| MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING | 450 | ||
| POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY/COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCAN | 450 | ||
| ASSESSMENT OF THE PELVIC LYMPH NODES | 451 | ||
| MINIMALLY INVASIVE STAGING TECHNIQUES | 451 | ||
| MODIFIED INGUINAL LYMPHADENECTOMY | 451 | ||
| SENTINEL NODE BIOPSY | 452 | ||
| TECHNIQUE OF DYNAMIC SENTINEL NODE BIOPSY | 452 | ||
| SETTINGS FOR DYNAMIC SENTINEL NODE BIOPSY | 453 | ||
| RELIABILITY | 454 | ||
| STAGING RECOMMENDATIONS | 454 | ||
| REFERENCES | 455 | ||
| Surgical Advances in Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection | 457 | ||
| Key points | 457 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 457 | ||
| CLINICAL INDICATIONS FOR LYMPH NODE DISSECTION | 458 | ||
| RADICAL INGUINAL LYMPH NODE DISSECTION | 459 | ||
| MODIFIED INGUINAL LYMPH NODE DISSECTION | 461 | ||
| SALVAGE INGUINAL LYMPH NODE DISSECTION | 462 | ||
| SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE COVERAGE AFTER INGUINAL LYMPH NODE DISSECTION | 462 | ||
| MINIMALLY INVASIVE LYMPH NODE DISSECTION | 463 | ||
| PELVIC LYMPH NODE DISSECTION | 463 | ||
| SURVEILLANCE STRATEGIES FOLLOWING LYMPHADENECTOMY | 464 | ||
| SUMMARY | 465 | ||
| REFERENCES | 465 | ||
| Multimodal Therapy in the Management of Advanced Penile Cancer | 469 | ||
| Key points | 469 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 469 | ||
| ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN NODE-POSITIVE DISEASE | 469 | ||
| Summary | 471 | ||
| MULTIMODAL APPROACH TO BULKY OR UNRESECTABLE NODAL DISEASE | 472 | ||
| Summary | 474 | ||
| IS THERE A ROLE FOR CHEMORADIOTHERAPY? | 476 | ||
| THE NEED FOR MULTICENTER COLLABORATION | 476 | ||
| SUMMARY | 476 | ||
| REFERENCES | 478 | ||
| Emerging Systemic Therapies for the Management of Penile Cancer | 481 | ||
| Key points | 481 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 481 | ||
| SYSTEMIC CHEMOTHERAPY | 482 | ||
| Chemotherapy for Advanced/Metastatic Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 482 | ||
| First-line chemotherapy | 482 | ||
| Salvage chemotherapy | 483 | ||
| Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy | 484 | ||
| Adjuvant Chemotherapy | 484 | ||
| RECENT INSIGHTS REGARDING TUMOR BIOLOGY FROM GENOMIC STUDIES OF PENILE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA | 485 | ||
| NOVEL SYSTEMIC REGIMENS | 486 | ||
| Targeted Therapies | 486 | ||
| Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors | 486 | ||
| Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors | 486 | ||
| Immunotherapy | 486 | ||
| Active immunotherapy | 486 | ||
| T-cell checkpoint signaling pathway inhibitors | 488 | ||
| SUMMARY | 488 | ||
| REFERENCES | 488 | ||
| Contemporary Management of Primary Distal Urethral Cancer | 493 | ||
| Key points | 493 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 493 | ||
| Epidemiology | 493 | ||
| Etiology | 493 | ||
| Anatomic Histopathology | 493 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION OVERVIEW | 494 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 494 | ||
| Clinical Evaluation | 494 | ||
| Urine Cytology | 494 | ||
| Urethrocystoscopy | 495 | ||
| Imaging | 495 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS | 496 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS IN MEN | 496 | ||
| RADIATION THERAPY IN MEN | 497 | ||
| COMBINATION THERAPIES IN MEN | 497 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS IN WOMEN | 498 | ||
| RADIATION THERAPY IN WOMEN | 498 | ||
| COMBINATION THERAPIES IN WOMEN | 499 | ||
| LYMPH NODES MANAGEMENT | 499 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 499 | ||
| EVALUATION OF OUTCOME AND LONG-TERM RECOMMENDATIONS | 499 | ||
| SUMMARY | 501 | ||
| REFERENCES | 501 | ||
| Management of Proximal Primary Urethral Cancer | 505 | ||
| Key points | 505 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 505 | ||
| Epidemiology | 505 | ||
| Etiology | 505 | ||
| Histology | 506 | ||
| Staging and Classification Systems | 506 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 506 | ||
| Presentation | 506 | ||
| Physical Examination | 507 | ||
| Tissue Diagnosis | 507 | ||
| Imaging | 507 | ||
| Prognosis | 507 | ||
| TREATMENT OF PROXIMAL PRIMARY URETHRAL CANCER | 507 | ||
| Urothelial Carcinoma of the Prostate | 507 | ||
| Transurethral Resection and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin | 508 | ||
| Radical Cystoprostatectomy | 508 | ||
| MULTIMODAL THERAPY VERSUS MONOTHERAPY FOR PROXIMAL URETHRAL CANCER | 508 | ||
| Monotherapy | 508 | ||
| Multimodal Therapy | 509 | ||
| Surgery and Adjuvant Radiotherapy | 509 | ||
| Radiation Therapy and Surgery | 509 | ||
| Perioperative Chemotherapy | 509 | ||
| Chemoradiotherapy and Salvage Surgery | 509 | ||
| SUMMARY | 511 | ||
| REFERENCES | 511 | ||
| Management of Urethral Recurrences | 515 | ||
| Key points | 515 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 515 | ||
| URETHRAL RECURRENCE AFTER CYSTECTOMY | 515 | ||
| URETHRAL RECURRENCE FOLLOWING NONUROTHELIAL CARCINOMA | 518 | ||
| RECURRENCE FOLLOWING TREATMENT OF PRIMARY URETHRAL CARCINOMA | 518 | ||
| TREATMENT OPTIONS IN FEMALES WITH RECURRENT URETHRAL CARCINOMA | 518 | ||
| MULTIMODAL THERAPY: THE ROLE OF RADIATION AND CHEMOTHERAPY | 519 | ||
| SUMMARY | 519 | ||
| REFERENCES | 519 | ||
| Preneoplastic and Primary Scrotal Cancer | 523 | ||
| Key points | 523 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 523 | ||
| PRENEOPLASTIC SQUAMOUS LESIONS AND SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA | 523 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 523 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 524 | ||
| EXTRAMAMMARY PAGET’S DISEASE | 525 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 525 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 526 | ||
| BASAL CELL CARCINOMA | 527 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 527 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 527 | ||
| SUMMARY | 528 | ||
| REFERENCES | 528 | ||
| Surgical Management of Primary Scrotal Cancer | 531 | ||
| Key points | 531 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 531 | ||
| TECHNIQUE/PROCEDURE | 532 | ||
| Preparation | 532 | ||
| Scrotal anatomy | 532 | ||
| Preoperative prophylactic antibiotic and infection management | 532 | ||
| Patient Positioning | 532 | ||
| Approach | 533 | ||
| General thoughts regarding surgical excision | 533 | ||
| General thoughts regarding reconstruction | 533 | ||
| Technique and Procedure (Detailed Steps) | 533 | ||
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 533 | ||
| Extramammary Paget’s disease | 533 | ||
| Sarcoma | 533 | ||
| Basal cell carcinoma | 534 | ||
| Melanoma | 534 | ||
| Adnexal tumors | 535 | ||
| Case report | 535 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 537 | ||
| REPORTING, FOLLOW-UP, AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS | 539 | ||
| OUTCOMES | 539 | ||
| CURRENT CONTROVERSIES AND FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 542 | ||
| SUMMARY | 543 | ||
| REFERENCES | 543 | ||
| Advances in Surgical Reconstructive Techniques in the Management of Penile, Urethral, and Scrotal Cancer | 545 | ||
| Key points | 545 | ||
| PENILE CANCER | 545 | ||
| Reconstruction of the Penis Based on Type and Extent of Penile Malignancy | 545 | ||
| Carcinoma In Situ, Ta, and T1 of the Penis | 546 | ||
| Glans Resurfacing | 546 | ||
| Mohs Surgery for Carcinoma In Situ, Ta, and T1 | 546 | ||
| Reconstructive Options Following Total Penectomy | 549 | ||
| Radial Artery Free Flap Phalloplasty | 550 | ||
| Additional Flap Techniques | 552 | ||
| Radial and Fibular Osteocutaneous Free Flaps | 552 | ||
| Penile Prosthesis in Phalloplasty Patients | 552 | ||
| Tissue Engineering in Phallic Regeneration | 553 | ||
| Penile Transplantation | 554 | ||
| SCROTAL CANCER RECONSTRUCTION | 554 | ||
| PRIMARY URETHRAL CARCINOMA | 555 | ||
| REFERENCES | 557 | ||
| Index | 561 |