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Abstract
Mexico in Transition provides a wide-ranging, empirical and up-to-date survey of the multiple impacts neoliberal policies have had in practice in Mexico over twenty years, and the specific impacts of the NAFTA Agreement. The volume covers a wide terrain, including the effects of globalization on peasants; the impact of neoliberalism on wages, trade unions, and specifically women workers; the emergence of new social movements El Barzón and the Zapatistas (EZLN); how the environment, especially biodiversity, has become a target for colonization by transnational corporations; the political issue of migration to the United States; and the complicated intersections of economic and political liberalization.
Mexico in Transition provides rich concrete evidence of what happens to the different sectors of an economy, its people, and natural resources, as the profound change of direction that neoliberal policy represents takes hold. It also describes and explains the diverse forms of resistance and challenge that different civil-society groups of those affected are now offering to a model the downsides of which are becoming increasingly manifest.
'Mexico in Transition is a wonderful collection that will provide readers a broad and insightful analysis of the impact of twenty years of neoliberal policies and the ways that Mexicans have responded to these changes.'
Judith Adler Hellman, author of Mexico in Crisis
'A superb collection of essays on matters of labour, the peasantry, migrants, indigenous groups, women, export industries, and debtors, that brings to light the "other side" of neoliberalism, namely the problems it creates and grass-roots efforts to redress the problems.'
Susan Eckstein, Latin American Studies Association
'A must read for anyone interested in the political economy of development.'
Michael J. Watts, University of California
Gerardo Otero is Professor of Sociology and Director of the Latin American Studies Program at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Cover | Cover | ||
Contents | v | ||
Figures and tables | viii | ||
Acknowledgements | ix | ||
1 | Mexico’s double movement: neoliberal globalism, the state and civil society | 1 | ||
Gerardo Otero | 1 | ||
Neoliberal globalism, the state and civil society | 2 | ||
Mexico’s two cycles of double movements | 6 | ||
Conclusions and organization of this book | 11 | ||
2 | Rebellious cornfields: towards food and labour self-sufficiency | 18 | ||
Armando Bartra\r | 18 | ||
Mexico’s countryside can endure no more | 20 | ||
A brief history of the collapse | 22 | ||
Dealing with Mexico’s lower half: Plan Puebla-Panamá | 29 | ||
Beyond neoliberal globalism | 31 | ||
Conclusion | 33 | ||
3 | Fruits of injustice: women in the post-NAFTA food system | 37 | ||
Deborah Barndt | 37 | ||
Precious human cargo | 37 | ||
The Tomasita project | 37 | ||
Interlocking analysis of power | 39 | ||
Mexican women workers – in Mexico | 41 | ||
Factories in the fields: hi-tech greenhouse production | 43 | ||
Into the fields | 45 | ||
Mexican women workers – in Canada | 47 | ||
Fruits of injustice and seeds of hope | 50 | ||
Notes | 50 | ||
4 | Conservation or privatization? Biodiversity, the global market and the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor | 52 | ||
Laura Carlsen\r | 52 | ||
Conservationist thought and the birth of corporate conservation | 53 | ||
The Mesoamerican Biological Corridor | 59 | ||
An alternative model of indigenous/peasant stewardship | 67 | ||
Notes | 71 | ||
5 | State corporatism and peasant organizations: towards new institutional arrangements | 72 | ||
Horacio Mackinlay and Gerardo Otero\r | 72 | ||
Corporatist theory and Mexican authoritarianism | 73 | ||
The Mexican ejido system and corporatist authoritarianism | 78 | ||
Towards new institutional arrangements | 86 | ||
Conclusions | 88 | ||
Note | 88 | ||
6 | Institutional democratization: changing political practices and the sugarcane growers’ unions of the PRI | 89 | ||
Peter Singelmann\r | 89 | ||
Industrial crisis and new challenges | 92 | ||
The changing political parameters of the growers’ unions | 95 | ||
Conclusions | 101 | ||
Notes | 103 | ||
7 | Manufacturing neoliberalism: industrial relations, trade union corporatism and politics | 104 | ||
Enrique de\r la Garza Toledo | 104 | ||
The macroeconomy in the 1990s: the neoliberal transition | 106 | ||
Changes in the industrial relations system | 110 | ||
Conclusions | 119 | ||
8 | Who reaps the productivity growth in Mexico? Convergence or polarization in manufacturing real wages, 1988–99 | 121 | ||
Enrique Dussel Peters\r | 121 | ||
Concepts and overall tendencies in Mexico’s labour market and productivity | 121 | ||
Real wages, productivity and employment | 125 | ||
Performance of branches with highest labour productivity | 130 | ||
Conclusions | 136 | ||
9 | Labour and migration policies under Vicente Fox: subordination to US economic and geopolitical interests | 138 | ||
Raul Delgado Wise\r | 138 | ||
The true face of trade between Mexico and the USA | 140 | ||
Dialectic between export growth and international migration | 143 | ||
Mexico’s migration policy: from ‘no policy’ to open subordination | 147 | ||
The migrant community and the challenges of neoliberal globalism | 152 | ||
10 | Community, economy and social change in Oaxaca, Mexico: rural life and cooperative logic in the global economy | 154 | ||
Jeffrey H. Cohen\r | 154 | ||
The community | 154 | ||
Usos y costumbres: some ways to cooperate in Santa Ana | 155 | ||
Approaching identity | 159 | ||
Santañero past and present | 160 | ||
Economy and identity | 162 | ||
Cooperative traditions and change | 165 | ||
Cooperation and solidarity in contemporary Santa Ana | 166 | ||
Conclusions | 167 | ||
Notes | 168 | ||
11 | Survival strategies in neoliberal markets: peasant organizations and organic coffee in Chiapas | 169 | ||
Maria Elena Martinez Torres\r | 169 | ||
Coffee, neoliberalism and international markets | 170 | ||
Responding to market and state reconfiguration | 172 | ||
Case studies | 179 | ||
Conclusions | 184 | ||
Note | 185 | ||
12 | The binational integration of the US–Mexican avocado industries: examining responses to economic globalism | 186 | ||
Lois Stanford\r | 186 | ||
Establishment, growth and economics of the avocado industry in California and Mexico | 188 | ||
Mexican entry into the US market, 1997–2002: impacts of globalism | 192 | ||
Market integration | 192 | ||
Company operations at the local level | 195 | ||
Challenges and alternatives to neoliberal globalism | 198 | ||
Conclusion | 202 | ||
Notes | 203 | ||
13 | Convergence: social movements in Mexico in the era of neoliberal globalism | 204 | ||
Humberto Gonzalez\r | 204 | ||
New social movements | 204 | ||
Neoliberal policy in Mexico | 206 | ||
Bank debtors opposed to state policy: the civil arena | 208 | ||
The struggle in the juridical and political arena | 214 | ||
Political action and political parties | 217 | ||
Conclusions | 218 | ||
Note | 220 | ||
14 | Contesting neoliberal globalism from below: the EZLN, Indian rights and citizenship | 221 | ||
Gerardo Otero\r | 221 | ||
Political-class formation (PCF) and civil society | 222 | ||
Regional cultures, collective identity construction and indigenous demands | 224 | ||
Expanding national borders within: Indian rights and citizenship | 227 | ||
Conclusions | 233 | ||
Note | 235 | ||
About the contributors | 236 | ||
Abbreviations | 238 | ||
Bibliography | 242 | ||
Index | 265 |