![Infection Prevention and Control in Healthcare, Part I: Facility Planning and Management, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book Infection Prevention and Control in Healthcare, Part I: Facility Planning and Management, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book](https://123library.org/images/books/238144.png?w=254&h=360&fit=&c=2&assets_cache=20240420022156)
BOOK
Infection Prevention and Control in Healthcare, Part I: Facility Planning and Management, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Dr. Kaye and Dr. Dhor have assembled top experts to write about facility planning and management in Part I of their two issues devoted to Infection Prevention and Control in Healthcare. Articles in this issue are devoted to: Building a Successful Infection Control Program: Key Components, Processes and Economics; Hand Hygiene Sterilization; High Level Disinfection and Environmental Cleaning; Environement of Care; Infection Control in Alternative Healthcare Settings (Long Term Care and Ambulatory); Antibiotic Stewardship; Outbreak Investigations
Water Safety in Healthcare/Legionella in the Healthcare Setting; Construction and Renovation; Bloodborne and Body Fluid Exposures - prevention and management of Occupational Health Issues; and Informatics and Statistics in Infection Control. Part II is devoted to clinical management of infections.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Cover | Cover | ||
Infection Prevention andControl in Healthcare,Part I: Facility Planningand Management | i | ||
Copyright\r | ii | ||
Contributors | iii | ||
CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
EDITORS | iii | ||
AUTHORS | iii | ||
Contents | vii | ||
Preface: Infection Prevention and Control in Healthcare, Part I: Facility Planning and Management\r | vii | ||
Building a Successful Infection Prevention Program: Key Components, Processes, and Economics\r | vii | ||
Hand Hygiene: An Update\r | vii | ||
Disinfection and Sterilization in Health Care Facilities: An Overview and Current Issues\r | vii | ||
Optimizing Health Care Environmental Hygiene\r | viii | ||
Outbreaks in Health Care Settings\r | viii | ||
Water Safety and Legionella in Health Care: Priorities, Policy, and Practice\r | viii | ||
Prevention by Design: Construction and Renovation of Health Care Facilities for Patient Safety and Infection Prevention\r | viii | ||
Occupational Health Update: Focus on Preventing the Acquisition of Infections with Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and Postexposur \r | ix | ||
Informatics in Infection Control\r | ix | ||
Antimicrobial Stewardship for the Infection Control Practitioner\r | ix | ||
Infection Control in Alternative Health Care Settings: An Update\r | ix | ||
Preventing Hospital-acquired Infections in Low-income and Middle-income Countries: Impact, Gaps, and Opportunities\r | x | ||
INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS\rOF NORTH AMERICA\r | xi | ||
FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
December 2016 | xi | ||
March 2017 | xi | ||
June 2017 | xi | ||
RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
June 2016 | xi | ||
March 2016 | xi | ||
December 2015 | xi | ||
Preface:\rInfection Prevention and Control in Healthcare, Part I: Facility Planning and Management | xiii | ||
Building a Successful Infection Prevention Program | 567 | ||
Key points | 567 | ||
THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF REGULATION AND REQUIREMENTS OF INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL | 567 | ||
INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROGRAM | 570 | ||
Mission, Vision, and Values | 570 | ||
Infection Prevention and Control Committee | 571 | ||
KEY MEMBERS OF THE INFECTION PREVENTION TEAM AND/OR PROGRAM | 572 | ||
Hospital Physician Epidemiologist or Medical Director of Infection Prevention | 572 | ||
Data Programmer and Analyst | 572 | ||
Administrative Assistant | 573 | ||
Infection Preventionist | 573 | ||
Meeting Management | 574 | ||
Infection Prevention Staffing | 574 | ||
Budget | 575 | ||
Surveillance | 576 | ||
Outbreak Investigation | 579 | ||
Quality Improvement: Role of the Infection Preventionist | 581 | ||
ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS PLAN | 581 | ||
SUMMARY | 583 | ||
REFERENCES | 583 | ||
Hand Hygiene | 591 | ||
Key points | 591 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 591 | ||
HUMAN SKIN AND SKIN FLORA | 592 | ||
EVOLUTION OF GUIDELINES | 593 | ||
ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUBS | 594 | ||
HAND HYGIENE ADHERENCE | 596 | ||
BARRIERS TO HAND HYGIENE | 598 | ||
IMPROVING HAND HYGIENE ADHERENCE | 600 | ||
HEALTH CARE–ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS | 601 | ||
SUMMARY | 602 | ||
REFERENCES | 603 | ||
Disinfection and Sterilization in Health Care Facilities | 609 | ||
Key points | 609 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 609 | ||
A RATIONAL APPROACH TO DISINFECTION AND STERILIZATION | 610 | ||
Critical Items | 613 | ||
Semicritical Items | 613 | ||
Noncritical Items | 617 | ||
CURRENT ISSUES IN DISINFECTION AND STERILIZATION | 618 | ||
Reprocessing of Endoscopes | 618 | ||
Outbreaks of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infection associated with duodenoscopes: what can we do to prevent inf ... | 621 | ||
Role of the Environment in Disease Transmission | 622 | ||
Improving room cleaning and disinfection and demonstrating the effectiveness of surface decontamination in reducing health ... | 622 | ||
No-touch (or mechanical) methods for room decontamination | 623 | ||
Ultraviolet light for room decontamination | 623 | ||
Hydrogen peroxide systems for room decontamination | 624 | ||
Comparison of ultraviolet irradiation versus hydrogen peroxide for room decontamination | 624 | ||
Assessing Risk to Patients from Disinfection and Sterilization Failures | 624 | ||
Human Papilloma Virus | 624 | ||
Hydrogen Peroxide Mist System for Probes | 628 | ||
Do Not Reuse Single-Use Devices | 629 | ||
Storage of Semicritical Items | 629 | ||
Immersion Versus Perfusion of Channel Scopes Such as Cystoscopes | 629 | ||
Laryngoscopes | 630 | ||
Emerging Pathogens, Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, and Bioterrorism Agents | 631 | ||
SUMMARY | 631 | ||
REFERENCES | 631 | ||
Optimizing Health Care Environmental Hygiene | 639 | ||
Key points | 639 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 639 | ||
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CONTAMINATED SURFACES | 641 | ||
CLEANING HEALTH CARE SURFACES | 642 | ||
Methods for Evaluating Physical Cleaning | 644 | ||
Covert direct practice observation | 645 | ||
Basic culture methods | 645 | ||
Agar slide cultures | 645 | ||
Adenosine triphosphate assays | 645 | ||
Fluorescent markers | 646 | ||
Programmatic Benefits and Challenges of Environmental Cleaning Monitoring | 646 | ||
DISINFECTING ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACES | 648 | ||
Chemical Disinfectants | 648 | ||
Technologies to Augment Disinfection Cleaning | 649 | ||
No-touch technologies | 649 | ||
Self-disinfecting surfaces | 649 | ||
Challenges of Measuring Cleanliness Versus Cleaning | 650 | ||
Cleanliness | 650 | ||
Cleaning | 651 | ||
ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE AND HAND HYGIENE—AN INTEGRATED APPROACH | 651 | ||
RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES | 653 | ||
Improving Study Design | 653 | ||
A Proposed Hygienic Practice Research Agenda | 654 | ||
Understanding transmission events related to patient room surfaces | 654 | ||
Measuring cleanliness | 654 | ||
Improving cleanliness by focusing on process | 655 | ||
Improving cleanliness by evaluating emerging interventions | 655 | ||
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 655 | ||
REFERENCES | 655 | ||
Outbreaks in Health Care Settings | 661 | ||
Key points | 661 | ||
OUTBREAKS | 661 | ||
APPROACH TO AN OUTBREAK | 662 | ||
PSEUDO-OUTBREAKS | 670 | ||
LABORATORY AND TESTING | 670 | ||
SOURCES | 672 | ||
Health Care Personnel | 672 | ||
Hospital Environment | 672 | ||
Waterborne Sources | 672 | ||
Legionella spp | 673 | ||
ORGANISMS | 674 | ||
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria | 674 | ||
Acinetobacter spp | 674 | ||
Pseudomonas spp | 675 | ||
Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae | 675 | ||
S aureus Including Methicillin-Resistant S aureus | 676 | ||
Fungus and Mold, Including Aspergillus | 676 | ||
Respiratory Infections | 677 | ||
Gastrointestinal Infections | 678 | ||
HIGH-RISK SETTINGS | 678 | ||
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit | 678 | ||
Endoscopes and Endoscopy Suites | 679 | ||
Transplant Units | 680 | ||
SUMMARY | 680 | ||
REFERENCES | 681 | ||
Water Safety and Legionella in Health Care | 689 | ||
Key points | 689 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 690 | ||
WATER IN THE HEALTH CARE SETTING AND PATHOGENS | 690 | ||
Water Management Priorities | 692 | ||
Safety | 692 | ||
Distribution and quality | 692 | ||
Water stagnation in pipes | 692 | ||
Disinfectant residual | 692 | ||
Water temperature | 694 | ||
The balance between scald prevention and microbial control | 694 | ||
Thermostatic mixing valves/anti-scald devices | 695 | ||
Construction activities | 695 | ||
Leaking pipes/condensation | 695 | ||
Decorative water features | 695 | ||
Conservation | 696 | ||
Emergency water supply (water security) | 696 | ||
Water-based Health Care–associated Infections | 696 | ||
Health care–associated infections and Legionella | 697 | ||
Legionella in health care building water distribution systems | 701 | ||
The unapparent or creeping outbreak | 702 | ||
BUILDING WATER SAFETY PLANS | 703 | ||
The Team Approach | 703 | ||
Legionella Prevention Plans | 704 | ||
SUMMARY: THE FUTURE OF WATER SAFETY IN HEALTH CARE IN THE UNITED STATES | 706 | ||
REFERENCES | 706 | ||
Prevention by Design | 713 | ||
Key points | 713 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 714 | ||
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING THE STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF INFECTION | 714 | ||
OVERVIEW OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION RISKS FROM THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT | 715 | ||
Air as a Reservoir of Health Care–associated Infections | 715 | ||
Water as a Reservoir of Health Care–associated Infections | 716 | ||
HANDWASHING STATION DESIGN | 716 | ||
WATER FEATURE: NOT ALLOWED | 717 | ||
Inpatient Rooms, Surfaces, and Finishes | 717 | ||
STRATEGIES AND DESIGN ELEMENTS TO SUPPORT INFECTION PREVENTION | 718 | ||
Select Elements of Design | 718 | ||
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning | 718 | ||
Universal or acuity-adaptable and single-occupancy patient-care rooms | 719 | ||
Airborne-infection isolation room | 719 | ||
Protective environment room | 720 | ||
Handwashing stations and hand hygiene | 720 | ||
Toilets and disposal of human waste | 720 | ||
Surfaces, finishes, and furnishings | 720 | ||
Floors, walls, and ceilings | 721 | ||
FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR HEALTH CARE IN THE UNITED STATES | 721 | ||
Trends | 721 | ||
Informing Future Guidelines Development | 721 | ||
RESOURCES FOR DESIGNING IN INFECTION PREVENTION | 722 | ||
SUMMARY/DISCUSSION | 722 | ||
REFERENCES | 722 | ||
Appendix A. APPENDIX A STEPWISE PROCESS FOR INFECTION CONTROL RISK MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND RENOVATION | 725 | ||
Occupational Health Update | 729 | ||
Key points | 729 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 729 | ||
DEFINITIONS | 730 | ||
PRE-EXPOSURE SCREENING AND IMMUNIZATIONS | 731 | ||
Pre-exposure Screening | 731 | ||
Immunizations | 731 | ||
POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS | 735 | ||
Sharp Injuries | 737 | ||
Hepatitis B | 739 | ||
Human Immunodeficiency Virus | 739 | ||
Invasive Meningococcal Infections | 741 | ||
Varicella | 742 | ||
Pertussis | 743 | ||
Postexposure Prophylaxis: Others | 744 | ||
Tetanus | 744 | ||
Diphtheria | 745 | ||
Measles | 745 | ||
Hepatitis A | 745 | ||
Human bites | 746 | ||
Rabies | 746 | ||
Ectoparasites | 747 | ||
Syphilis | 747 | ||
Influenza | 747 | ||
EVALUATION OF ILL HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL | 750 | ||
REFERENCES | 750 | ||
Informatics in Infection Control | 759 | ||
Key points | 759 | ||
BACKGROUND | 759 | ||
INFECTION SURVEILLANCE | 760 | ||
Fully Automated Versus Semiautomated Surveillance | 761 | ||
Common Data Sources Needed for Surveillance Informatics | 761 | ||
Examples of Surveillance Metrics Enhanced by Informatics | 761 | ||
Central line–associated bloodstream infections | 761 | ||
Surgical site infections | 763 | ||
Ventilator-associated pneumonia/ventilator-associated events | 763 | ||
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection | 763 | ||
Multidrug-resistant organism module | 764 | ||
Outbreak Detection | 764 | ||
INFECTION PREVENTION | 764 | ||
Increasing the Recognition of Multidrug-Resistant Organism Carriage on Admission | 764 | ||
Identifying Inappropriate Infection Precautions | 765 | ||
Reducing Device Use | 765 | ||
Antibiotic Stewardship | 765 | ||
INFORMATICS AND PUBLIC HEALTH | 766 | ||
Electronic Communicable Disease Reporting | 766 | ||
Syndromic Surveillance and Outbreak Detection | 766 | ||
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTING INFORMATICS SOFTWARE | 766 | ||
Challenges of Microbiology Data | 767 | ||
Challenges of Device Data | 767 | ||
Validation of Data | 767 | ||
SUMMARY | 768 | ||
REFERENCES | 768 | ||
Antimicrobial Stewardship for the Infection Control Practitioner | 771 | ||
Key points | 771 | ||
CONSEQUENCES OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE: IMPACT ON PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY | 771 | ||
THE IMPACT OF ANTIMICROBIAL USE, MISUSE, AND OVERUSE | 772 | ||
NATIONAL INITIATIVES CALLING FOR IMPROVED ANTIMICROBIAL USAGE | 773 | ||
WHAT IS ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP AND WHAT ARE THE GOALS? | 773 | ||
KEY MEMBERS AND DEPARTMENTS REPRESENTED ON THE ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP TEAM | 774 | ||
Infectious Diseases Physician | 774 | ||
Clinical Pharmacist | 775 | ||
Infection Preventionist and Health Care Epidemiologist | 775 | ||
Microbiology Laboratory | 775 | ||
Information Technology | 775 | ||
Hospital Administration | 776 | ||
Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee | 776 | ||
INFECTION CONTROL AND ANTIBIOTIC STEWARDSHIP | 776 | ||
Drug-Based Antimicrobial Stewardship | 776 | ||
Disease-Based Antimicrobial Stewardship and Multidisciplinary Bundles | 777 | ||
Device-Associated Infection Prevention | 778 | ||
Barriers to Implementation and Maintenance of Stewardship Programs | 778 | ||
Making a Business Case for Antimicrobial Stewardship | 779 | ||
Measuring the Impact of the Program | 779 | ||
SUMMARY | 780 | ||
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 781 | ||
REFERENCES | 781 | ||
Infection Control in Alternative Health Care Settings | 785 | ||
Key points | 785 | ||
BACKGROUND | 785 | ||
INFECTION PREVENTION PROGRAMS IN NURSING HOMES | 786 | ||
INFECTION PREVENTION PROGRAMS IN NURSING HOMES: FUNCTIONS, COMPONENTS, AND OVERSIGHT | 787 | ||
Information Transfer During Care Transitions | 788 | ||
Hand Hygiene | 789 | ||
Multidrug-Resistant Organisms | 790 | ||
Isolation Precautions | 791 | ||
Surveillance for Infections and Antimicrobial Usage | 792 | ||
Outbreak Management | 793 | ||
Rehabilitation Services | 793 | ||
Environmental Hygiene | 794 | ||
Resident and Employee Health Program | 794 | ||
Role of Infection Preventionist | 794 | ||
Environmental Rounds | 795 | ||
Staff Education | 795 | ||
Oversight Committee | 795 | ||
AMBULATORY CARE CENTERS | 796 | ||
Communicable Disease and Isolation Management | 796 | ||
Environmental Hygiene—Cleaning Disinfection and Sterilization | 797 | ||
Ambulatory Surgical Centers | 797 | ||
Safe Injection Practices | 798 | ||
Bioterrorism and Disaster Planning | 798 | ||
SUMMARY | 799 | ||
REFERENCES | 799 | ||
Preventing Hospital-acquired Infections in Low-income and Middle-income Countries | 805 | ||
Key points | 805 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 805 | ||
HEALTH AND ECONOMIC IMPACT | 806 | ||
GAPS AND OPPORTUNITIES | 806 | ||
Surveillance and Rates of Health Care–associated Infections | 807 | ||
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance | 808 | ||
Health Care–associated Tuberculosis | 809 | ||
Health Care–associated Infections After Natural Disasters and During Conflicts | 810 | ||
SUCCESSFUL HEALTH CARE–ASSOCIATED INFECTION INTERVENTIONS IN LOW-INCOME AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES | 810 | ||
Examples of Successful Implementation of World Health Organization Hand Hygiene Guidelines | 810 | ||
Example of Successful Infection Control Strategy in Resources-limited Settings | 810 | ||
RECOMMENDATIONS | 811 | ||
Building Infection Control Capacity Through Partnerships | 811 | ||
Identify Health Care–associated Gaps | 812 | ||
Designing and Sustaining Infection Control Programs and Interventions | 813 | ||
Addressing Gaps While Prioritizing Resources | 813 | ||
SUMMARY | 814 | ||
REFERENCES | 814 | ||
Index | 819 |