BOOK
Practical Urology for the General Surgeon, An issue of Surgical Clinics of North America, E-Book
Lisa T. Beaule | Moritz H. Hansen
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Surgical Clinics of North America, guest edited by Drs. Lisa T. Beaule and Moritz H. Hansen, is devoted to Practical Urology for the General Surgeon. They have assembled expert authors to review the following topics: Surgical Management of Acute Urologic Emergencies; Surgical Management of Urologic Trauma and Iatrogenic Injuries; Diagnosis and Management of Voiding Dysfunction; Surgical Management of Urinary Retention; Surgical Management of Female Voiding Dysfunction; Surgical Management of Male Voiding Dysfunction; Diagnosis and Management of Hematuria; Diagnosis and Management of Nephrolithiasis; Surgery of Urologic Implants; Surgical Pediatric Urology; Use of Bowel in Urologic Reconstructive Surgery; Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Uro-enteric Fistulae; Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Pelvic, Inguinal, and Testicular Pain; Robotic Surgery of the Kidney, Bladder and Prostate, and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Practical Urology\rfor the General Surgeon | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITORS | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Foreword | vii | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Urologic Emergencies | vii | ||
| Surgical Management of Urologic Trauma and Iatrogenic Injuries | vii | ||
| Diagnosis and Management of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction | vii | ||
| Urinary Retention in Surgical Patients | vii | ||
| Surgical Management of Female Voiding Dysfunction | viii | ||
| Surgical Management of Male Voiding Dysfunction | viii | ||
| Diagnosis and Management of Hematuria | viii | ||
| Diagnosis and Management of Nephrolithiasis | ix | ||
| Genitourinary Prosthetics: A Primer for the Non-urologic Surgeon | ix | ||
| Pediatric Urology for the General Surgeon | ix | ||
| The Use of Bowel in Urologic Reconstructive Surgery | ix | ||
| Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Uroenteric Fistula | x | ||
| Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Male Pelvic, Inguinal, and Testicular Pain | x | ||
| Robotic Surgery of the Kidney, Bladder, and Prostate | x | ||
| SURGICAL CLINICS\rOF NORTH AMERICA | xi | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
| August 2016 | xi | ||
| October 2016 | xi | ||
| December 2016 | xi | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
| April 2016 | xi | ||
| February 2016 | xi | ||
| December 2015 | xi | ||
| October 2015 | xi | ||
| Foreword | xiii | ||
| Preface | xv | ||
| Urologic Emergencies | 407 | ||
| Key points | 407 | ||
| ACUTE URINARY RETENTION | 407 | ||
| Overview | 407 | ||
| Causes/Pathophysiology | 407 | ||
| Diagnosis | 408 | ||
| Treatment | 409 | ||
| Urethral catheter placement technique | 409 | ||
| FOURNIER GANGRENE | 411 | ||
| Overview | 411 | ||
| Causes/Pathophysiology | 411 | ||
| Diagnosis | 412 | ||
| Treatment | 412 | ||
| ISCHEMIC PRIAPISM | 414 | ||
| Overview | 414 | ||
| Causes/pathophysiology | 414 | ||
| Diagnosis | 415 | ||
| Treatment | 415 | ||
| OBSTRUCTIVE PYONEPHROSIS | 417 | ||
| Introduction | 417 | ||
| Causes/Pathophysiology | 417 | ||
| Diagnosis | 417 | ||
| Urinalysis interpretation | 418 | ||
| Treatment | 418 | ||
| PARAPHIMOSIS | 419 | ||
| Introduction | 419 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 419 | ||
| Diagnosis | 419 | ||
| Treatment | 419 | ||
| TESTICULAR TORSION | 420 | ||
| Introduction | 420 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 420 | ||
| Diagnosis | 422 | ||
| Treatment | 423 | ||
| REFERENCES | 423 | ||
| Surgical Management of Urologic Trauma and Iatrogenic Injuries | 425 | ||
| Key points | 425 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 425 | ||
| RENAL INJURY | 426 | ||
| Initial Evaluation | 426 | ||
| Management | 427 | ||
| Nonoperative | 427 | ||
| Operative | 428 | ||
| Operative Technique | 428 | ||
| Complications | 429 | ||
| INJURY TO THE URETER | 429 | ||
| Initial Evaluation | 429 | ||
| Management | 430 | ||
| Surgical Exploration | 430 | ||
| BLADDER INJURY | 430 | ||
| Initial Evaluation | 430 | ||
| Management | 431 | ||
| Nonoperative | 431 | ||
| Operative | 431 | ||
| URETHRAL INJURIES | 432 | ||
| Initial Evaluation | 432 | ||
| Management | 433 | ||
| Pelvic fracture urethral injury | 433 | ||
| Anterior urethra injury | 433 | ||
| PENILE INJURY | 433 | ||
| Initial Evaluation | 433 | ||
| Management | 434 | ||
| PENILE AMPUTATION | 434 | ||
| SCROTAL AND TESTICULAR INJURY | 435 | ||
| Initial Evaluation | 435 | ||
| Management | 435 | ||
| REFERENCES | 436 | ||
| Diagnosis and Management of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction | 441 | ||
| Key points | 441 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 441 | ||
| NORMAL BLADDER PHYSIOLOGY | 441 | ||
| LOWER URINARY TRACT PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 443 | ||
| LOWER URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION: PATIENT EVALUATION | 443 | ||
| URODYNAMICS | 444 | ||
| Noninvasive Uroflowmetry | 444 | ||
| Multichannel Urodynamics | 445 | ||
| Electromyogram | 446 | ||
| Video Urodynamics | 446 | ||
| Recommendations on Use | 446 | ||
| Urodynamics required | 448 | ||
| Urodynamics helpful | 448 | ||
| Urodynamics unnecessary | 448 | ||
| MEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL MANAGEMENT OF LOWER URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION | 448 | ||
| Failure to Empty Due to Bladder | 448 | ||
| Failure to Empty Due to Outlet | 449 | ||
| Failure to Store Due to Bladder | 449 | ||
| Failure to Store Due to Bladder Outlet | 450 | ||
| SUMMARY | 450 | ||
| REFERENCES | 450 | ||
| Urinary Retention in Surgical Patients | 453 | ||
| Key points | 453 | ||
| URINARY RETENTION | 453 | ||
| Definitions | 454 | ||
| Epidemiology | 454 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 454 | ||
| Normal bladder function | 454 | ||
| Cause of retention | 455 | ||
| Obstruction: either mechanical or dynamic | 455 | ||
| Disruption of the innervation: sensory and motor pathways | 455 | ||
| Overdistention: myogenic failure | 456 | ||
| Risk Factors | 456 | ||
| Age | 456 | ||
| Sex | 456 | ||
| Medications | 456 | ||
| Anesthesia | 456 | ||
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia | 457 | ||
| Surgery related | 458 | ||
| Women and children | 459 | ||
| Others | 459 | ||
| Diagnosis | 460 | ||
| Associated signs and symptoms | 460 | ||
| Postvoid residual: how much is too much? | 460 | ||
| Complications of Retention | 461 | ||
| Treatment | 461 | ||
| Conservative | 461 | ||
| Surgical intervention: overview | 463 | ||
| REFERENCES | 464 | ||
| Surgical Management of Female Voiding Dysfunction | 469 | ||
| Key points | 469 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 469 | ||
| STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE | 470 | ||
| Urethral Hypermobility | 470 | ||
| Intrinsic Sphincteric Deficiency | 470 | ||
| STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE PROCEDURES | 470 | ||
| Bulking Agents | 470 | ||
| Coaptite | 471 | ||
| Macroplastique | 471 | ||
| Technique | 471 | ||
| Considerations | 471 | ||
| Open or Laparoscopic Surgical Intervention for Stress Urinary Incontinence | 471 | ||
| Retropubic suspension | 472 | ||
| Marshall Marchetti Krantz procedure | 472 | ||
| Burch colposuspension | 472 | ||
| Needle suspensions | 472 | ||
| Four-corner bladder neck (needle) suspension | 472 | ||
| Anterior vaginal wall suspension | 473 | ||
| Pereyra | 473 | ||
| Raz-modified Pereyra | 473 | ||
| Stamey | 473 | ||
| Gittes | 473 | ||
| Vaginal repair | 473 | ||
| Kelly-type plication | 473 | ||
| Slings | 473 | ||
| Retropubic midurethral mesh slings | 475 | ||
| Transobturator midurethral mesh sling | 475 | ||
| Single incision mesh sling | 475 | ||
| Pubovaginal sling | 475 | ||
| Readjustable sling | 475 | ||
| PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE: NATIVE TISSUE AND MESH | 476 | ||
| Vaginal Vault Suspension | 477 | ||
| Vaginal approach | 477 | ||
| Sacrospinous ligament suspension | 477 | ||
| Iliococcygeus suspension | 477 | ||
| Vaginal uterosacral ligament suspension | 477 | ||
| Mesh | 477 | ||
| Abdominal approach | 478 | ||
| Abdominal sacrocolpopexy | 478 | ||
| Cystocele Repair | 478 | ||
| Kelly Kennedy plication | 478 | ||
| Site-specific graft augment | 479 | ||
| Lateral paravaginal repair (relatively historic) | 480 | ||
| Anterior vaginal wall suspension | 480 | ||
| Mesh kits | 481 | ||
| Rectocele Repair | 482 | ||
| Posterior colporrhaphy | 482 | ||
| Site-specific defect repair | 483 | ||
| Site-specific graft augment | 483 | ||
| Levator myorrhaphy | 484 | ||
| High midline levator myorrphaphy | 484 | ||
| Mesh kits | 485 | ||
| URGE URINARY INCONTINENCE | 485 | ||
| Onabotulinumtoxin A to Bladder Detrusor | 485 | ||
| Interstim Sacral Neuromodulation | 486 | ||
| Augmentation Cystoplasty | 486 | ||
| OBSTRUCTION | 486 | ||
| Urethral Diverticulum | 486 | ||
| Urethral Stricture | 487 | ||
| Onabotulinumtoxin A to Sphincter or Bladder Neck | 487 | ||
| Incision of Bladder Neck | 487 | ||
| Levator Dysfunction | 487 | ||
| SUMMARY | 487 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 487 | ||
| REFERENCES | 487 | ||
| Surgical Management of Male Voiding Dysfunction | 491 | ||
| Key points | 491 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 491 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA AND LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS | 492 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA AND LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS | 492 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION | 493 | ||
| OFFICE-BASED PROCEDURES | 493 | ||
| Transurethral Microwave Therapy | 493 | ||
| Transurethral Needle Ablation | 494 | ||
| SURGICAL PROCEDURES | 494 | ||
| Monopolar Transurethral Resection of the Prostate | 494 | ||
| Bipolar Transurethral Resection of the Prostate | 495 | ||
| Laser Therapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | 496 | ||
| Holmium laser physics | 496 | ||
| Holmium laser ablation of the prostate | 496 | ||
| Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate | 497 | ||
| Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate Physics | 498 | ||
| Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate Procedure | 498 | ||
| OPEN SIMPLE PROSTATECTOMY | 498 | ||
| ROBOTIC SIMPLE PROSTATECTOMY | 499 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA SURGERY | 499 | ||
| SUMMARY | 499 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 500 | ||
| REFERENCES | 500 | ||
| Diagnosis and Management of Hematuria | 503 | ||
| Key points | 503 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 503 | ||
| RELEVANT ANATOMY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 504 | ||
| Kidney and Ureter | 504 | ||
| Bladder | 505 | ||
| Prostate | 506 | ||
| Urethra | 506 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND EXAMINATION | 506 | ||
| Urinary Tract Infection | 507 | ||
| Urologic Malignancy | 508 | ||
| Hemorrhagic Cystitis | 508 | ||
| Trauma | 508 | ||
| Prostatic Enlargement | 508 | ||
| Ureteroarterial Fistula | 508 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES AND DIAGNOSIS | 508 | ||
| INTERVENTIONS AND TREATMENT | 510 | ||
| Urinary Tract Infections | 510 | ||
| Urolithiasis | 510 | ||
| Urologic Malignancy | 511 | ||
| Clot Retention | 511 | ||
| Prostatic Hematuria | 512 | ||
| Hemorrhagic Cystitis | 512 | ||
| Urotrauma | 512 | ||
| Ureteroarterial Fistulae | 512 | ||
| SUMMARY | 513 | ||
| REFERENCES | 513 | ||
| Diagnosis and Management of Nephrolithiasis | 517 | ||
| Key points | 517 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 517 | ||
| Prevalence | 517 | ||
| Extent and Cost | 518 | ||
| Morbidity and Prognosis | 518 | ||
| Risk Factors | 518 | ||
| Relevance to the General Surgeon | 518 | ||
| RELEVANT ANATOMY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 518 | ||
| Anatomy | 518 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 519 | ||
| Pathophysiology of General Surgery Conditions Resulting in Stone Formation | 520 | ||
| Examples of disorders with increased risk of stone formation | 520 | ||
| Inflammatory bowel diseases | 521 | ||
| Chronic pancreatitis | 521 | ||
| Bariatric surgery | 521 | ||
| Hyperparathyroidism | 521 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF RENAL COLIC AND STONE PASSAGE | 521 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND EXAMINATION | 522 | ||
| Symptoms | 522 | ||
| Physical Examination | 522 | ||
| General | 522 | ||
| Vital signs | 522 | ||
| Abdominal and flank examination | 522 | ||
| Laboratory Work | 523 | ||
| Imaging | 523 | ||
| Noncontrast computed tomography | 523 | ||
| Retroperitoneal ultrasound scan | 523 | ||
| Plain radiograph of abdomen and pelvis | 523 | ||
| Intravenous pyelogram | 523 | ||
| Nuclear functional renal scan | 524 | ||
| MANAGEMENT AND AVAILABLE PROCEDURES | 524 | ||
| Observation | 524 | ||
| Medical Expulsive Therapy | 524 | ||
| AVAILABLE SURGICAL PROCEDURES | 524 | ||
| PROCEDURE TECHNIQUE | 525 | ||
| Shock Wave Lithotripsy | 525 | ||
| Ureteroscopy | 525 | ||
| Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy | 526 | ||
| Open or Laparoscopic Surgery for Stone Disease | 527 | ||
| SELECTION OF PROCEDURE | 528 | ||
| REFERENCES | 529 | ||
| Genitourinary Prosthetics | 533 | ||
| Key points | 533 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 533 | ||
| TYPES OF GENITOURINARY PROSTHESIS | 534 | ||
| Testicular Prosthesis | 534 | ||
| Semirigid Penile Prostheses | 535 | ||
| Inflatable Penile Prostheses | 535 | ||
| Artificial Urinary Sphincter | 536 | ||
| PERIOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS FOR GENITOURINARY PROSTHESES | 538 | ||
| Antibiotic Coverage for Nonurologic Surgery | 538 | ||
| Urethral Catheterization with an Artificial Urinary Sphincter or Penile Prosthesis | 538 | ||
| Management of Traumatic Urethral Catheterization | 539 | ||
| GENERAL SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS | 539 | ||
| Inguinal Hernias | 539 | ||
| Small Bowel Obstruction | 539 | ||
| Vascular Complications | 540 | ||
| Managing Iatrogenic Injuries to the Device During Nonurologic Surgery | 540 | ||
| SUMMARY | 540 | ||
| REFERENCES | 541 | ||
| Pediatric Urology for the General Surgeon | 545 | ||
| Key points | 545 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 545 | ||
| HERNIA/HYDROCELE | 545 | ||
| Background | 545 | ||
| Diagnosis | 546 | ||
| Management | 547 | ||
| Surgery | 547 | ||
| CRYPTORCHIDISM | 548 | ||
| Background | 548 | ||
| Diagnosis | 548 | ||
| Treatment | 549 | ||
| CIRCUMCISION | 549 | ||
| Background | 549 | ||
| Circumcision Benefits | 550 | ||
| Neonatal Circumcision | 551 | ||
| Postnewborn Circumcision | 552 | ||
| Risk-Benefit Assessment | 553 | ||
| GENITOURINARY TRAUMA | 553 | ||
| Introduction | 553 | ||
| Renal Trauma | 554 | ||
| Ureteral Trauma | 556 | ||
| Bladder and Urethral Injury | 557 | ||
| Penile Trauma | 558 | ||
| Scrotal/Testicular Trauma | 559 | ||
| Vaginal Trauma | 559 | ||
| REFERENCES | 560 | ||
| The Use of Bowel in Urologic Reconstructive Surgery | 567 | ||
| Key points | 567 | ||
| URINARY DIVERSION | 567 | ||
| URETEROSIGMOIDOSTOMY | 568 | ||
| CONDUIT URINARY DIVERSIONS | 568 | ||
| ILEAL CONDUIT | 568 | ||
| JEJUNAL CONDUIT | 570 | ||
| COLON CONDUITS | 570 | ||
| TRANSVERSE COLON CONDUIT | 571 | ||
| SIGMOID COLON CONDUIT | 571 | ||
| CONTINENT URINARY DIVERSION | 571 | ||
| BLADDER SUBSTITUTION (COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS A NEOBLADDER) | 572 | ||
| BLADDER AUGMENTATION/CYSTOPLASTY | 575 | ||
| APPENDICOVESICOSTOMY | 576 | ||
| ILEAL URETERAL SUBSTITUTION | 578 | ||
| METABOLIC COMPLICATIONS | 579 | ||
| Electrolyte Abnormalities | 579 | ||
| Stomach | 579 | ||
| Jejunum | 580 | ||
| Ileum and colon | 580 | ||
| Nutritional Disturbances | 580 | ||
| Infection | 580 | ||
| Abnormal Drug Metabolism | 581 | ||
| Bone Disease | 581 | ||
| REFERENCES | 581 | ||
| Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Uroenteric Fistula | 583 | ||
| Key points | 583 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 583 | ||
| VESICOENTERIC FISTULAE | 584 | ||
| Causes | 584 | ||
| Incidence | 584 | ||
| Presentation | 585 | ||
| Diagnosis | 585 | ||
| Management | 586 | ||
| PROSTATORECTAL AND URETHRORECTAL | 587 | ||
| Causes | 587 | ||
| Incidence | 587 | ||
| Presentation | 588 | ||
| Diagnosis | 588 | ||
| Management | 588 | ||
| URETEROENTERAL | 589 | ||
| Causes | 589 | ||
| Incidence | 589 | ||
| Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Male Pelvic, Inguinal, and Testicular Pain | 593 | ||
| Key points | 593 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 593 | ||
| CHRONIC PAIN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 594 | ||
| PROSTATIC PAIN | 594 | ||
| CATEGORY I: ACUTE BACTERIAL PROSTATITIS | 594 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 594 | ||
| Diagnosis | 595 | ||
| Treatment | 595 | ||
| Medical | 595 | ||
| Surgical | 596 | ||
| CATEGORY II CHRONIC BACTERIAL PROSTATITIS | 596 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 596 | ||
| Diagnosis | 596 | ||
| Treatment | 597 | ||
| CATEGORY III: CHRONIC NONBACTERIAL PROSTATITIS/CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN SYNDROME | 597 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 597 | ||
| Diagnosis | 598 | ||
| Treatment | 599 | ||
| CATEGORY IV: ASYMPTOMATIC INFLAMMATORY PROSTATITIS | 601 | ||
| INGUINODYNIA | 601 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 601 | ||
| MEDICAL TREATMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE INGUINODYNIA | 602 | ||
| INTERVENTIONAL TREATMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE INGUINODYNIA | 602 | ||
| SURGICAL NEURECTOMY FOR TREATMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE INGUINODYNIA | 603 | ||
| CHRONIC ORCHALGIA | 604 | ||
| SPERMATIC CORD BLOCK | 604 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC SCROTAL PAIN | 605 | ||
| REFERENCES | 608 | ||
| Robotic Surgery of the Kidney, Bladder, and Prostate | 615 | ||
| Key points | 615 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 615 | ||
| A BRIEF HISTORY OF SURGICAL ROBOTICS | 618 | ||
| THE DA VINCI SURGICAL SYSTEM | 618 | ||
| ROBOTIC SURGERY OF THE KIDNEY AND URETER | 619 | ||
| Partial Nephrectomy | 619 | ||
| Radical Nephrectomy | 621 | ||
| Pyeloplasty | 622 | ||
| ROBOTIC SURGERY OF THE BLADDER | 623 | ||
| Radical Cystectomy | 623 | ||
| ROBOTIC SURGERY OF THE PROSTATE | 625 | ||
| Radical Prostatectomy | 625 | ||
| Simple Prostatectomy | 628 | ||
| SUMMARY | 630 | ||
| REFERENCES | 630 | ||
| Index | 637 |