BOOK
Rhinitis, An Issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, guest edited by Dr. Jonathan A. Bernstein, is devoted to Rhinitis. Articles in this issue include: Rhinitis Subtypes, Endotypes, and Definitions; Allergic Rhinitis: Burden of Illness, Quality of Life and Control; Allergic Rhinitis: Mechanisms of Action; Allergic Rhinitis: Diagnosis; Allergic Rhinitis: Treatment; Non-allergic Rhinitis: Mechanism of Action; Non-allergic Rhinitis: Diagnosis; Non-allergic Rhinitis: Treatment; Localized Allergic Rhinitis; Occupational Rhinitis; Rhinitis in the Elderly; Complications of Rhinitis; Allergic Rhinitis: Environmental Determinants; Non-allergic Rhinitis: Environmental Determinants; and Novel, Alternative, and Controversial Therapies.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Rhinitis | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Foreword: Rhinitis: The Great Enigma\r | vii | ||
| Preface: Rhinitis\r | vii | ||
| Rhinitis Subtypes, Endotypes, and Definitions\r | vii | ||
| Allergic Rhinitis: Burden of Illness, Quality of Life, Comorbidities, and Control\r | vii | ||
| Diagnosing Allergic Rhinitis\r | vii | ||
| Allergic Rhinitis: Mechanisms and Treatment\r | vii | ||
| Nonallergic Rhinitis: Mechanism of Action\r | viii | ||
| Nonallergic Rhinitis: Diagnosis\r | viii | ||
| Nonallergic Rhinitis: Treatment\r | viii | ||
| Local Allergic Rhinitis\r | viii | ||
| Occupational Rhinitis\r | ix | ||
| Rhinitis in the Elderly\r | ix | ||
| Complications of Rhinitis\r | ix | ||
| Allergic Rhinitis: Environmental Determinants\r | ix | ||
| Nonallergic Rhinitis: Environmental Determinants\r | x | ||
| Novel, Alternative, and Controversial Therapies of Rhinitis\r | x | ||
| IMMUNOLOGYAND ALLERGY\rCLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA \r | xi | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
| August 2016 | xi | ||
| November 2016 | xi | ||
| February 2017 | xi | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
| February 2016 | xi | ||
| November 2015 | xi | ||
| August 2015 | xi | ||
| Rhinitis: The Great Enigma | xiii | ||
| Rhinitis | xv | ||
| Rhinitis Subtypes, Endotypes, and Definitions | 215 | ||
| Key points | 215 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 215 | ||
| SUBTYPES, ENDOTYPES, AND DEFINITIONS | 216 | ||
| Rhinosinusitis and Overlapping Subtypes | 216 | ||
| Allergic Rhinitis | 217 | ||
| Nonallergic Rhinitis | 218 | ||
| Idiopathic rhinitis | 219 | ||
| Hormonal rhinitis | 221 | ||
| Gustatory rhinitis | 222 | ||
| Drug-induced rhinitis | 222 | ||
| Rhinitis of the elderly | 224 | ||
| Atrophic rhinitis | 224 | ||
| Local allergic rhinitis | 225 | ||
| Occupational rhinitis | 225 | ||
| RHINITIS BY STRUCTURAL/MECHANICAL ABNORMALITIES | 226 | ||
| RHINITIS AS A SIGN OF SYSTEMIC DISEASE | 227 | ||
| SUMMARY | 227 | ||
| REFERENCES | 227 | ||
| Allergic Rhinitis | 235 | ||
| Key points | 235 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 235 | ||
| PREVALENCE OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS | 235 | ||
| QUALITY OF LIFE IN ALLERGIC RHINITIS | 236 | ||
| COMORBIDITIES OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS | 239 | ||
| Associated Headaches | 239 | ||
| Associated Allergic Conjunctivitis | 240 | ||
| Associated Otitis Media | 240 | ||
| Associated Rhinosinusitis | 240 | ||
| Associated Cough Sensitivity | 240 | ||
| Associated Asthma | 241 | ||
| Associated Gastroesophageal Reflux | 241 | ||
| Associated Sexual Dysfunction | 242 | ||
| Associated Skin Rashes | 242 | ||
| Associated Sleep Disturbances | 242 | ||
| CONTROL OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS | 243 | ||
| REFERENCES | 244 | ||
| Diagnosing Allergic Rhinitis | 249 | ||
| Key points | 249 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 249 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS | 249 | ||
| HISTORY | 250 | ||
| EXAMINATION | 253 | ||
| INVESTIGATIONS | 254 | ||
| SUMMARY | 258 | ||
| REFERENCES | 258 | ||
| Allergic Rhinitis | 261 | ||
| Key points | 261 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 261 | ||
| Allergic Rhinitis Mechanisms | 262 | ||
| PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR ALLERGIC RHINITIS SUBTYPES | 264 | ||
| Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis | 264 | ||
| Perennial Allergic Rhinitis | 264 | ||
| Allergen Immunotherapy | 265 | ||
| PHARMACOTHERAPY, MECHANISMS OF ACTION, AND DOSING | 266 | ||
| MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION CAVEATS | 271 | ||
| MEDICATION SAFETY AND SIDE EFFECTS | 271 | ||
| FUTURE TREATMENT DIRECTIONS | 272 | ||
| SUMMARY | 273 | ||
| REFERENCES | 273 | ||
| Nonallergic Rhinitis | 279 | ||
| Key points | 279 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 279 | ||
| INFLAMMATION | 280 | ||
| NEUROGENIC MECHANISMS | 282 | ||
| Innervation of the Nasal Mucosa | 282 | ||
| Contribution of Neurogenic Mechanisms to the Pathophysiology of Nonallergic Rhinitis | 283 | ||
| RESPONSE TO NASAL PROVOCATION | 283 | ||
| Histamine Challenge | 284 | ||
| Cold-Dry Air Challenge | 284 | ||
| Challenge with Capsaicin | 284 | ||
| REFERENCES | 285 | ||
| Nonallergic Rhinitis | 289 | ||
| Key points | 289 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 289 | ||
| Classifying Chronic Rhinitis | 290 | ||
| SYMPTOMS | 291 | ||
| Differences Between Allergic and Nonallergic Rhinitis | 291 | ||
| Questionnaire Diagnosis | 292 | ||
| Triggers | 294 | ||
| Focused Physical Examination | 295 | ||
| Comorbidities | 295 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC TEST/IMAGING STUDY | 295 | ||
| Skin Prick and Allergen-specific IgE Antibody Testing | 295 | ||
| Intracutaneous Testing | 296 | ||
| Imaging | 297 | ||
| Additional Testing Modalities | 297 | ||
| TREATMENT RESPONSE | 299 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 299 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS: ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE CHAMBERS | 299 | ||
| SUMMARY | 301 | ||
| REFERENCES | 301 | ||
| Nonallergic Rhinitis | 305 | ||
| Key points | 305 | ||
| DEFINITION | 305 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 305 | ||
| NONINFLAMMATORY FORMS | 306 | ||
| INFLAMMATORY FORMS | 307 | ||
| TREATMENT | 309 | ||
| Overview | 309 | ||
| Specific Agents | 309 | ||
| Intranasal corticosteroids | 309 | ||
| Topical antihistamine sprays | 310 | ||
| Combination therapy with intranasal corticosteroids and azelastine | 310 | ||
| Ipratropium bromide | 311 | ||
| Adjunctive therapies | 311 | ||
| Topical capsaicin | 311 | ||
| Oral and intranasal decongestants | 312 | ||
| Nasal saline irrigation | 312 | ||
| Oral antihistamines | 312 | ||
| Role of surgery | 312 | ||
| Prognosis | 313 | ||
| REFERENCES | 313 | ||
| Local Allergic Rhinitis | 321 | ||
| Key points | 321 | ||
| DEFINITION OF LOCAL ALLERGIC RHINITIS | 321 | ||
| UNDERLYING IMMUNE MECHANISMS | 321 | ||
| T-helper 2 Cell Nasal Immunologic Response | 322 | ||
| Positive Response to the Nasal Allergen Provocation Test | 322 | ||
| Local Specific Immunoglobulin E Production | 322 | ||
| Basophil Activation | 323 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATA | 323 | ||
| Clinical Features of Local Allergic Rhinitis | 323 | ||
| Epidemiologic Studies | 323 | ||
| COMORBIDITIES AND LOCAL ALLERGIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE | 323 | ||
| Local Immunoglobulin E in Lower Airways | 324 | ||
| Conjunctivitis and Local Immunoglobulin E | 324 | ||
| NATURAL HISTORY AND RISK FACTORS | 326 | ||
| Diagnostic Test and Differential Diagnosis | 326 | ||
| THERAPEUTICS OPTIONS | 327 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS AND SUMMARY | 328 | ||
| REFERENCES | 329 | ||
| Occupational Rhinitis | 333 | ||
| Key points | 333 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 333 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 334 | ||
| RISK FACTORS | 334 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 335 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES | 336 | ||
| ACUTE MANAGEMENT | 336 | ||
| CHRONIC MANAGEMENT | 336 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 336 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 337 | ||
| AREAS REQUIRING FURTHER INVESTIGATION | 338 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS AND SUMMARY | 338 | ||
| REFERENCES | 338 | ||
| Rhinitis in the Elderly | 343 | ||
| Key points | 343 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RHINITIS IN THE ELDERLY | 343 | ||
| TYPES OF RHINITIS IN THE ELDERLY | 344 | ||
| Allergic Rhinitis | 344 | ||
| Nonallergic Rhinitis | 344 | ||
| Mixed Rhinitis | 344 | ||
| Atrophic Rhinitis | 345 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF RHINITIS | 345 | ||
| SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN OLDER ADULTS | 345 | ||
| Age-related Nasal Changes | 345 | ||
| Immunosenescence and Rhinitis | 347 | ||
| Impact of Comorbidities | 347 | ||
| Limited Income and Poverty | 348 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Rhinitis Among the Elderly | 349 | ||
| Dementia, Memory Loss, and Medication Compliance in Older Adults | 349 | ||
| TREATMENT OF RHINITIS IN THE ELDERLY | 349 | ||
| Allergic Rhinitis | 349 | ||
| Nonallergic Rhinitis | 350 | ||
| Mixed Rhinitis | 351 | ||
| Atrophic Rhinitis | 351 | ||
| UNIQUE MEDICATION AND TREATMENT CONCERNS IN OLDER ADULTS | 351 | ||
| SUMMARY | 352 | ||
| REFERENCES | 352 | ||
| Complications of Rhinitis | 359 | ||
| Key points | 359 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 359 | ||
| RHINOSINUSITIS | 359 | ||
| ASTHMA AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE | 361 | ||
| SLEEP DISTURBANCE | 362 | ||
| OTITIS MEDIA | 362 | ||
| LEARNING IMPAIRMENT AND QUALITY OF LIFE | 363 | ||
| SUMMARY | 363 | ||
| REFERENCES | 363 | ||
| Allergic Rhinitis | 367 | ||
| Key points | 367 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 367 | ||
| IMPROVED HYGIENE AND BACTERIAL EXPOSURE | 368 | ||
| ALLERGEN EXPOSURE | 370 | ||
| Cat/Dog Allergen Exposure | 370 | ||
| House Dust Mite Exposure | 371 | ||
| Rodent Allergen Exposure | 371 | ||
| Mold Exposure | 372 | ||
| Allergic Occupational Rhinitis | 372 | ||
| AIR POLLUTION | 372 | ||
| Ozone | 373 | ||
| Traffic Pollution | 373 | ||
| CLIMATE CHANGE | 373 | ||
| ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICANTS | 374 | ||
| SUMMARY | 374 | ||
| REFERENCES | 374 | ||
| Nonallergic Rhinitis | 379 | ||
| Key points | 379 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 379 | ||
| BACKGROUND: ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND REGIONAL DEPOSITION OF AIR POLLUTANTS | 380 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NONALLERGIC RHINITIS | 383 | ||
| SYMPTOM TRIGGERS AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL INCITANTS | 384 | ||
| Symptom Surveys of Patients | 384 | ||
| Observational Studies | 385 | ||
| Ambient air quality | 385 | ||
| Indoor air quality | 387 | ||
| Intervention studies | 387 | ||
| Controlled Human Exposure Studies | 387 | ||
| PHYSICAL INCITANTS | 389 | ||
| Cold, Dry Air | 389 | ||
| Barometric Pressure and Altitude | 390 | ||
| CHEMICAL INCITANTS | 390 | ||
| Environmental Tobacco Smoke | 390 | ||
| Volatile Organic Compounds | 391 | ||
| Ammonia | 392 | ||
| Chlorine | 392 | ||
| Sulfur Dioxide | 392 | ||
| Ozone | 392 | ||
| Acetic Acid | 393 | ||
| Carbonless Copy Paper | 393 | ||
| Paper Dust | 393 | ||
| Dry Powder Mannitol | 393 | ||
| MECHANISM(S) UNDERLYING CHEMICAL IRRITANT-INDUCED NASAL REFLEXES | 394 | ||
| SUMMARY | 395 | ||
| REFERENCES | 396 | ||
| Novel, Alternative, and Controversial Therapies of Rhinitis | 401 | ||
| Key points | 401 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 401 | ||
| ADVANCES IN THE KNOWN INTRANASAL TREATMENT | 402 | ||
| Conclusion | 407 | ||
| TARGETING SINGLE MEDIATOR OR RECEPTOR | 407 | ||
| Mast Cell Stabilizers | 407 | ||
| Antihistamines | 408 | ||
| Anti-immunoglobulin E Therapy | 408 | ||
| Cytokine Inhibitors | 409 | ||
| Toll-like Receptor Agonists | 409 | ||
| Prostaglandin D2 Receptor Antagonists | 410 | ||
| Conclusion | 410 | ||
| NEUROGENIC PATHWAY MODULATORS | 410 | ||
| Nasal Application of Botulinum Toxin A | 410 | ||
| Capsaicin | 411 | ||
| Ipratropium Bromide | 411 | ||
| Conclusion | 412 | ||
| WIDESPREAD EFFECT | 412 | ||
| Developments in Immunotherapy | 412 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT | 412 | ||
| Nasal Passage Widening Procedures | 413 | ||
| Vidian Neurectomy | 413 | ||
| Silver Nitrate | 413 | ||
| Conclusion | 413 | ||
| ALTERNATIVE + CONTROVERSIAL | 413 | ||
| Acupuncture | 413 | ||
| Acupressure | 414 | ||
| Rhinophototherapy | 415 | ||
| Intranasal Carbon Dioxide | 415 | ||
| Kinetic Oscillation Stimulation | 415 | ||
| Crenotherapy | 415 | ||
| REFERENCES | 416 |