BOOK
Management of Pancreatic Diseases, An Issue of Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue details the latest knowledge of early diagnosis, risk factors, limited surgical treatments, and novel therapies for pancreatic diseases. Clinicians will learn the most prognostic scoring systems for acute pancreatitis, review the basics for early management of the disease, and see how current practice guidelines have evolved. Advances in radiological imaging when applied to the pancreas have resulted in enhanced staging and improved selection for surgical intervention. Endoscopy of the pancreas via both ERCP and endoscopic ultrasound has led to unprecedented access and potential for non-operative intervention. Pancreatic surgery now takes advantage of both minimally invasive approaches and techniques learned from organ transplantation. These latest advances are addressed in this issue by key opinion leaders.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Management of Pancreatic Diseases | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Preface: Advances in Management of Pancreatic Diseases\r | vii | ||
| Advances in Management of Acute Pancreatitis\r | vii | ||
| Pancreatic Pseudocysts: Advances in Endoscopic Management\r | vii | ||
| Autoimmune Pancreatitis: An Update on Diagnosis and Management\r | vii | ||
| The Role of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Management of Pancreatic Diseases\r | viii | ||
| Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms: An Update\r | viii | ||
| Islet Cell Tumors of the Pancreas\r | viii | ||
| Imaging of the Pancreas\r | viii | ||
| Screening for Pancreatic Cancer in High-risk Populations\r | ix | ||
| Advances in Surgical Management of Pancreatic Diseases\r | ix | ||
| Pancreas Transplantation in the Modern Era\r | ix | ||
| GASTROENTEROLOGY\rCLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA | x | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | x | ||
| June 2016 | x | ||
| September 2016 | x | ||
| December 2016 | x | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | x | ||
| December 2015 | x | ||
| September 2015 | x | ||
| June 2015 | x | ||
| Preface: Advances in Management of Pancreatic Diseases \r | xi | ||
| Advances in Management of Acute Pancreatitis | 1 | ||
| Key points | 1 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1 | ||
| PREDICTING SEVERITY | 2 | ||
| FLUID RESUSCITATION | 2 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES | 3 | ||
| Antibiotics | 3 | ||
| Emerging Pharmacologic Therapies | 4 | ||
| NONPHARMACOLOGIC STRATEGIES | 5 | ||
| Nutrition | 5 | ||
| Management of Underlying Etiology | 5 | ||
| Recurrence | 5 | ||
| SUMMARY | 6 | ||
| REFERENCES | 6 | ||
| Pancreatic Pseudocysts | 9 | ||
| Key points | 9 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 9 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR DRAINAGE | 10 | ||
| SURGICAL DRAINAGE | 11 | ||
| PERCUTANEOUS DRAINAGE | 12 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC DRAINAGE | 12 | ||
| Transpapillary Drainage | 13 | ||
| Transmural Drainage Without Endoscopic Ultrasound Guidance | 14 | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasonography–guided Transmural Drainage | 15 | ||
| Stent Placement | 16 | ||
| Walled-off Necrosis | 18 | ||
| CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF ENDOSCOPIC DRAINAGE OF PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYSTS | 20 | ||
| Comparison of Endoscopic, Percutaneous, and Surgical Drainage of Pancreatic Pseudocysts | 21 | ||
| Complications of Endoscopic Pseudocyst Drainage | 22 | ||
| SUMMARY AND APPROACH TO PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYSTS | 23 | ||
| REFERENCES | 23 | ||
| Autoimmune Pancreatitis | 29 | ||
| Key points | 29 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 29 | ||
| Clinical Characteristics | 30 | ||
| Diagnostic Guidelines | 30 | ||
| The Japanese Pancreas Society guidelines | 31 | ||
| The HISORt guidelines | 31 | ||
| The Korean and Asian guidelines | 31 | ||
| The International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria guidelines | 31 | ||
| Pancreatic imaging | 32 | ||
| Serology | 36 | ||
| Other organ involvement | 36 | ||
| Histology | 37 | ||
| Diagnostic trial of corticosteroids | 38 | ||
| Evaluation of the International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria and other diagnostic criteria | 38 | ||
| Therapy | 38 | ||
| Corticosteroids | 38 | ||
| Immunomodulator drugs | 39 | ||
| SUMMARY | 40 | ||
| REFERENCES | 40 | ||
| The Role of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Management of Pancreatic Diseases | 45 | ||
| Key points | 45 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 45 | ||
| ACUTE PANCREATITIS | 46 | ||
| Gallstone Pancreatitis | 46 | ||
| Post–Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis | 47 | ||
| RECURRENT ACUTE PANCREATITIS | 48 | ||
| Pancreas Divisum | 48 | ||
| Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction | 50 | ||
| CHRONIC PANCREATITIS | 51 | ||
| Pancreatic Duct Strictures | 52 | ||
| Pancreatic Duct Stones | 53 | ||
| Autoimmune Pancreatitis | 54 | ||
| PANCREATIC DUCT LEAKS | 55 | ||
| PANCREATIC CANCER | 56 | ||
| SUMMARY | 57 | ||
| REFERENCES | 57 | ||
| Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms | 67 | ||
| Key points | 67 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 67 | ||
| TYPES OF PANCREATIC CYSTIC NEOPLASMS | 68 | ||
| Serous Cystadenoma | 68 | ||
| Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm | 69 | ||
| Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm | 71 | ||
| Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm | 73 | ||
| DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN CYSTIC NEOPLASMS | 74 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF PANCREATIC CYSTS: REVIEW OF CURRENT GUIDELINES | 74 | ||
| Management of Cysts Less Than 3 cm | 74 | ||
| Management of Cysts Greater Than 3 cm | 76 | ||
| Indication for Surgery | 77 | ||
| Principles of Surgical Resection | 78 | ||
| Follow-Up After Surgery | 78 | ||
| Extrapancreatic Neoplasms in Patients with Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms | 78 | ||
| SUMMARY | 79 | ||
| REFERENCES | 79 | ||
| Islet Cell Tumors of the Pancreas | 83 | ||
| Key points | 83 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 83 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 83 | ||
| SYNDROMIC ASSOCIATION | 84 | ||
| Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type I | 84 | ||
| Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome | 84 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION AND STAGING | 84 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS | 85 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 86 | ||
| Functional Tumors | 86 | ||
| Nonfunctional Tumors | 87 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION | 87 | ||
| Laboratory Evaluation | 87 | ||
| Imaging | 88 | ||
| Computed tomography | 88 | ||
| MRI | 88 | ||
| Endoscopic ultrasound | 88 | ||
| Somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy | 89 | ||
| PET | 89 | ||
| TREATMENT | 89 | ||
| Surgery | 90 | ||
| Sporadic lesions | 90 | ||
| Enucleation | 90 | ||
| Central pancreatectomy | 90 | ||
| Pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy | 91 | ||
| Treatment of hepatic metastases | 91 | ||
| Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type I–Associated Lesions | 91 | ||
| Systemic Therapy | 92 | ||
| Well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors | 92 | ||
| Hormonal excess and somatostatin analogues | 92 | ||
| Chemotherapy | 93 | ||
| Targeted molecular therapies | 93 | ||
| Tyrosine kinase inhibitors | 93 | ||
| Mammalian target of Rapamycin inhibitors | 93 | ||
| Bevacizumab | 93 | ||
| Peptide receptor radiotherapy | 94 | ||
| Poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors | 94 | ||
| SUMMARY | 94 | ||
| REFERENCES | 94 | ||
| Imaging of the Pancreas | 101 | ||
| Key points | 101 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 101 | ||
| RADIOLOGIC IMAGING OF THE PANCREAS | 102 | ||
| Solid Pancreatic Lesions | 102 | ||
| Pancreatic Cysts | 103 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND SCAN | 104 | ||
| Solid Pancreatic Mass | 104 | ||
| Elastography | 105 | ||
| Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound scan | 106 | ||
| Endoscopic ultrasound scan fine-needle aspiration | 107 | ||
| Pancreatic Cysts | 107 | ||
| Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy | 109 | ||
| Chronic Pancreatitis | 111 | ||
| EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES | 112 | ||
| SUMMARY | 112 | ||
| REFERENCES | 112 | ||
| Screening for Pancreatic Cancer in High-risk Populations | 117 | ||
| Key points | 117 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 117 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 118 | ||
| Familial Pancreatic Cancer | 118 | ||
| Pancreatic Cancer Associated with Inherited Cancer Syndromes | 119 | ||
| Peutz-Jeghers syndrome | 119 | ||
| Familial atypical multiple mole and melanoma | 119 | ||
| Hereditary breast cancer | 120 | ||
| Lynch syndrome | 120 | ||
| Li-Fraumeni syndrome | 120 | ||
| Familial adenomatous polyposis | 121 | ||
| Ataxia-telangiectasia | 121 | ||
| Hereditary pancreatitis | 121 | ||
| GENETIC EVALUATION IN INDIVIDUALS AT RISK FOR HEREDITARY PANCREATIC CANCER | 121 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF INDIVIDUALS AT RISK FOR PANCREATIC CANCER | 122 | ||
| Prevention Strategies to Reduce Cancer Risk | 122 | ||
| Screening for Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer | 122 | ||
| Precursors of pancreatic adenocarcinoma | 122 | ||
| Outcomes of screening | 122 | ||
| Screening Modalities | 123 | ||
| Imaging | 123 | ||
| Biomarkers | 123 | ||
| Recommendations for pancreatic cancer screening | 124 | ||
| SUMMARY | 124 | ||
| REFERENCES | 124 | ||
| Advances in Surgical Management of Pancreatic Diseases | 129 | ||
| Key points | 129 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 129 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE RISK STRATIFICATION IN PANCREATIC SURGERY | 130 | ||
| QUANTIFYING THE MORBIDITY OF POSTPANCREATECTOMY COMPLICATIONS | 131 | ||
| PANCREATIC FISTULA PREDICTION AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES | 131 | ||
| EXPANDING INDICATIONS FOR RESECTION OF PANCREATIC CYSTIC NEOPLASMS | 133 | ||
| BORDERLINE RESECTABLE PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA (PDAC) | 134 | ||
| MINIMALLY INVASIVE PANCREATIC RESECTION | 135 | ||
| MINIMALLY INVASIVE PARADIGM FOR SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF INFECTED PANCREATIC NECROSIS | 137 | ||
| EMERGING SURGICAL OPTIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC PANCREATITIS | 138 | ||
| SUMMARY | 139 | ||
| REFERENCES | 140 | ||
| Pancreas Transplantation in the Modern Era | 145 | ||
| Key points | 145 | ||
| TRADITIONAL INDICATIONS FOR PANCREAS TRANSPLANTATION | 145 | ||
| CATEGORIES OF PANCREAS TRANSPLANTATION: SIMULTANEOUS PANCREAS AND KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION, PANCREAS AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTA ... | 147 | ||
| EXPANDING INDICATIONS FOR PANCREAS TRANSPLANTATION | 148 | ||
| PRETRANSPLANT EVALUATION | 149 | ||
| Age and Body Mass Index | 149 | ||
| Cardiac Evaluation | 150 | ||
| Assessment of Peripheral Vascular Disease | 150 | ||
| Assessment of Insulin Requirements, C-peptide, and Autoimmunity | 150 | ||
| Assessment of Problematic Hypoglycemia | 151 | ||
| Kidney Function | 151 | ||
| Assessment of Autonomic Neuropathy | 152 | ||
| Assessment of Retinopathy | 152 | ||
| Screen for Availability of Living Donors | 152 | ||
| DONOR SELECTION | 152 | ||
| RECIPIENT OPERATION | 154 | ||
| IMMUNOSUPPRESSION | 155 | ||
| SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND PANCREAS REJECTION | 156 | ||
| IMPROVING OUTCOMES, BENEFIT TO QUALITY OF LIFE, AND END-ORGAN COMPLICATIONS | 160 | ||
| SUMMARY | 162 | ||
| REFERENCES | 162 | ||
| Index | 167 |