BOOK
Management of Patients with Traumatic Injuries An Issue of Critical Nursing Clinics, E-Book
(2015)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Special considerations arise as critical care nurses care for victims of trauma and violence. This issue highlights the recent advances in the care of these patients, including victims of street crime and domestic violence. As a result of the wars in Afganistan and Iraq, changes in the echelons of care have been brought to U.S. trauma centers in order to better triage, manage, and provide post-surgical care to trauma patients. Articles in this issue address the advances in this field.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Management of Patients with Traumatic Injuries \r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Preface: The Complex Nature of Trauma\r | vii | ||
| Preparation for Mass Casualty Incidents\r | vii | ||
| Nonaccidental Trauma: Guidance for Nurses in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit\r | vii | ||
| Trauma in the Geriatric Population\r | vii | ||
| Trauma Resuscitation and Monitoring: Military Lessons Learned\r | viii | ||
| Advances in Cerebral Monitoring for the Patient with Traumatic Brain Injury\r | viii | ||
| Considerations for Neuroprotection in the Traumatic Brain Injury Population\r | viii | ||
| Pain Management in Military Trauma\r | viii | ||
| Evidence-based Treatments for Military-related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Veterans Affairs Setting\r | ix | ||
| Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of Nurses in Protection of Patients\r | ix | ||
| Blast Injury: Impact on Brain and Internal Organs\r | ix | ||
| CRITICAL CARE NURSING\rCLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA\r | x | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | x | ||
| September 2015 | x | ||
| December 2015 | x | ||
| March 2016 | x | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | x | ||
| March 2015 | x | ||
| December 2014 | x | ||
| September 2014 | x | ||
| June 2014 | x | ||
| Preface: The Complex Nature of Trauma \r | xi | ||
| Preparation for Mass Casualty Incidents | 157 | ||
| Key points | 157 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 157 | ||
| DISASTER DEFINITION | 158 | ||
| PRINCIPALS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT | 158 | ||
| DISASTER PREPARATION | 159 | ||
| DISASTER DRILLS | 159 | ||
| DISASTER RESPONSE | 159 | ||
| SECURITY | 160 | ||
| MASS CASUALTY INCIDENT VOLUME | 160 | ||
| COMMUNICATION | 161 | ||
| TRIAGE | 161 | ||
| FIELD TRIAGE | 161 | ||
| HOSPITAL TRIAGE | 161 | ||
| BLAST INJURY | 162 | ||
| CRUSH INJURY | 163 | ||
| EXTREMITY INJURY | 163 | ||
| RESOURCE USE | 164 | ||
| TRANSFUSION REQUIREMENTS | 164 | ||
| OPERATING ROOM USE | 164 | ||
| DEBRIEFING | 165 | ||
| SUMMARY | 165 | ||
| REFERENCES | 165 | ||
| Nonaccidental Trauma | 167 | ||
| Key points | 167 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 167 | ||
| SIGNIFICANCE | 168 | ||
| Perpetrators | 168 | ||
| Long-Term Implications | 168 | ||
| Fatal Injury | 169 | ||
| NONACCIDENTAL TRAUMA CAUSED BY BLUNT FORCE | 169 | ||
| Characteristics of Abusive Head Trauma | 169 | ||
| Characteristics of Abusive Abdominal Trauma | 170 | ||
| Characteristics of Abusive Musculoskeletal Trauma | 170 | ||
| NURSING CARE IN THE PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT | 171 | ||
| American Association of Critical-Care Nurses Standard 1: Assessment | 171 | ||
| Initial impression | 171 | ||
| Primary assessment | 171 | ||
| Secondary assessment | 171 | ||
| Comprehensive physical assessment | 172 | ||
| Psychosocial/family assessment | 172 | ||
| Event history: parent | 172 | ||
| Event history: child | 174 | ||
| American Association of Critical-Care Nurses Standard 2: Diagnosis | 174 | ||
| American Association of Critical-Care Nurses Standard 3: Outcomes Identification | 174 | ||
| American Association of Critical-Care Nurses Standard 4: Planning | 175 | ||
| American Association of Critical-Care Nurses Standard 5: Implementation | 177 | ||
| American Association of Critical-Care Nurses Standard 6: Evaluation | 177 | ||
| SUMMARY | 177 | ||
| REFERENCES | 178 | ||
| Trauma in the Geriatric Population | 183 | ||
| Key points | 183 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 183 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GERIATRIC TRAUMA | 183 | ||
| RESOURCES FOR GERIATRIC TRAUMA CARE | 185 | ||
| TRIAGE AND TRANSPORT | 186 | ||
| TRAUMA TEAM ACTIVATION AND INITIAL ASSESSMENT | 187 | ||
| INPATIENT CARE FOR GERIATRIC TRAUMA | 187 | ||
| FRAILTY | 188 | ||
| PAIN MANAGEMENT | 188 | ||
| COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT | 189 | ||
| NUTRITION | 190 | ||
| ADVANCED CARE PLANNING | 190 | ||
| DISCHARGE FROM ACUTE CARE | 190 | ||
| INJURY PREVENTION | 191 | ||
| SUMMARY | 193 | ||
| REFERENCES | 193 | ||
| Trauma Resuscitation and Monitoring | 199 | ||
| Key points | 199 | ||
| MILITARY TRAUMA CARE ACROSS THE CONTINUUM | 200 | ||
| THE GOAL OF TRAUMA RESUSCITATION: CONTROL THE TRAUMA TRIAD | 201 | ||
| MASSIVE TRANSFUSION PROTOCOLS AND DAMAGE-CONTROL RESUSCITATION | 201 | ||
| HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING | 203 | ||
| VITAL SIGNS | 203 | ||
| Systolic Blood Pressure | 204 | ||
| Shock Index | 204 | ||
| NEWER VITAL SIGNS | 205 | ||
| Wireless Vital Signs Monitor: Murphy Factor | 205 | ||
| Compensatory Reserve Index | 205 | ||
| Near-Infrared Spectroscopy–Skeletal Tissue Oxygenation | 206 | ||
| SUMMARY | 207 | ||
| REFERENCES | 207 | ||
| Advances in Cerebral Monitoring for the Patient with Traumatic Brain Injury | 213 | ||
| Key points | 213 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 213 | ||
| NONINVASIVE MONITORING | 214 | ||
| The Neurologic Examination | 214 | ||
| Pupillometer | 214 | ||
| Neuroimaging | 215 | ||
| Brain Computed Tomography | 215 | ||
| MRI | 215 | ||
| Ultrasound | 215 | ||
| Carotid Doppler | 216 | ||
| Transcranial Doppler | 216 | ||
| Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter | 216 | ||
| Near-Infrared Spectroscopy | 216 | ||
| Electroencephalography | 216 | ||
| Essential Electroencephalography Monitoring | 217 | ||
| Compressed Spectral Array and Density Spectral Array | 217 | ||
| Bispectral Index Monitoring | 217 | ||
| INVASIVE MONITORING | 217 | ||
| Intracranial Pressure | 217 | ||
| Intracranial Pressure via External Ventricular Drain | 218 | ||
| Intracranial Pressure via Fiberoptic Monitoring | 218 | ||
| Cerebral Perfusion Pressure | 218 | ||
| Cerebral Oxygen Monitoring | 219 | ||
| Cerebral Blood Flow Monitoring | 219 | ||
| Brain Temperature Monitoring | 219 | ||
| SUMMARY | 219 | ||
| REFERENCES | 220 | ||
| Considerations for Neuroprotection in the Traumatic Brain Injury Population | 225 | ||
| Key points | 225 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 225 | ||
| COOLING | 226 | ||
| CRANIECTOMY | 227 | ||
| NEUROPROTECTION: MEDICATIONS | 229 | ||
| Medications Not Supported by Research | 229 | ||
| Magnesium | 229 | ||
| Corticosteroids | 229 | ||
| Medications with Potential for Neuroprotection | 230 | ||
| Progesterone | 230 | ||
| Glutamate scavengers | 230 | ||
| Stem cell therapy | 231 | ||
| SUMMARY | 231 | ||
| REFERENCES | 231 | ||
| Pain Management in Military Trauma | 235 | ||
| Key points | 235 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 235 | ||
| BATTLEFIELD PAIN MANAGEMENT | 237 | ||
| MINOR PAIN: MELOXICAM AND ACETAMINOPHEN | 238 | ||
| OPIOID THERAPY—MORPHINE | 238 | ||
| OPIOID THERAPY—ORAL TRANSMUCOSAL FENTANYL CITRATE | 238 | ||
| ANESTHETIC AS ANALGESIC THERAPY: KETAMINE | 239 | ||
| ADDITIONAL PAIN THERAPIES: ACUPUNCTURE, REGIONAL BLOCKS, EPIDURALS | 239 | ||
| CONTINUED PAIN MANAGEMENT FOLLOWING STABILIZATION | 240 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPIES: OPIOIDS | 240 | ||
| Short- and Long-Acting Oral Agents | 240 | ||
| Transdermal Agents | 241 | ||
| Intrathecal | 241 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPIES: NEUROMODULATORS | 241 | ||
| Gabapentin, Duloxetine, and Pregabalin | 241 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPIES: ANTIDEPRESSANTS | 241 | ||
| Pain and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder | 241 | ||
| Tricyclic Antidepressants | 242 | ||
| SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS | 242 | ||
| SELECTIVE NORADRENALINE (NOREPINEPHRINE) REUPTAKE INHIBITORS | 242 | ||
| NONPHARMACOLOGIC THERAPIES | 243 | ||
| Interventional Techniques: Nerve Blocks and Rhizotomy | 243 | ||
| Interventional Techniques: Neuromodulation | 243 | ||
| Physical and Occupational Therapy | 243 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Therapies | 243 | ||
| SUMMARY | 244 | ||
| REFERENCES | 244 | ||
| Evidence-based Treatments for Military-related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Veterans Affairs Setting | 247 | ||
| Key points | 247 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 247 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AMONG VETERANS | 248 | ||
| DESCRIPTION OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER | 248 | ||
| PREVALENCE OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER | 248 | ||
| PREVALENCE OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN VETERANS | 249 | ||
| Vietnam Veterans | 249 | ||
| Persian Gulf War Veterans | 249 | ||
| Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom | 249 | ||
| RISK FACTORS AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER | 250 | ||
| TREATMENT UTILIZATION AND BARRIERS | 250 | ||
| ASSESSMENT OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER | 252 | ||
| TREATMENT OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER | 254 | ||
| PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENTS FOR POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER WITH STRONG EVIDENCE FOR EFFECTIVENESS | 254 | ||
| PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENTS FOR POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER WITH SOME EVIDENCE FOR EFFECTIVENESS | 256 | ||
| PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENTS FOR SPECIFIC ISSUES RELATED TO POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER | 256 | ||
| TECHNOLOGY AND POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER TREATMENT | 257 | ||
| PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGIC INTERVENTIONS | 258 | ||
| Psychopharmacologic Interventions with Strong Research Support | 258 | ||
| Psychopharmacologic Interventions with Moderate to Minimal Research Support | 258 | ||
| Prescribing Practices and Pharmacologic Special Issues | 258 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF VETERANS WITH POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER BY HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS | 259 | ||
| SPECIAL ISSUES | 261 | ||
| SUMMARY | 263 | ||
| REFERENCES | 263 | ||
| Intimate Partner Violence | 271 | ||
| Key points | 271 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 271 | ||
| HISTORICAL REVIEW | 272 | ||
| INCIDENCE | 272 | ||
| INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AND MORTALITY | 272 | ||
| LONG-TERM EFFECTS | 272 | ||
| LEAVING THE ABUSER | 273 | ||
| STOPPING THE VIOLENCE | 273 | ||
| SUMMARY | 274 | ||
| REFERENCES | 274 | ||
| Blast Injury | 277 | ||
| Key points | 277 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 277 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF BLAST EFFECTS | 278 | ||
| Primary Blast Effects | 278 | ||
| Secondary Blast Effects | 279 | ||
| Tertiary Blast Effects | 279 | ||
| Quaternary Blast Effects | 279 | ||
| PRESENTATION AND INITIAL TRIAGE | 279 | ||
| RESUSCITATION | 280 | ||
| REVIEW OF SPECIFIC INJURIES | 280 | ||
| Lungs | 280 | ||
| Extremity Wounds | 281 | ||
| Trauma Brain Injury | 282 | ||
| Rehabilitation and Outcomes | 283 | ||
| SUMMARY | 283 | ||
| REFERENCES | 283 |