Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Editors Robert Sawyer and Tracy Hedrick and authors review the latest in Surgical Infections. Articles will include Bloodstream Infections and Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections; Surgical Intervention for Thoracic Infections; Intra-abdominal Infections; Clostridium difficile infection; Urinary Tract Infections; Surgical Site Infections; Prosthetic Joint Infections; Resistant Pathogens, Fungi, and Viruses; Infection Control in the Intensive Care Unit; Pneumonia; Differences Between Murine and Human sepsis; of the intestinal Microbiome and the emerging pathobiome; Advancing Technologies for the Diagnosis and Management of Infections; Upcoming Rules and Benchmarks Affecting the Monitoring and Payment for Surgical Infections; and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Surgical Infections | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Surgical Clinics\rOf North America\r\r | xi | ||
| Foreword | xiii | ||
| Preface\r | xvii | ||
| Differences Between Murine and Human Sepsis | 1135 | ||
| Key points | 1135 | ||
| Introduction | 1135 | ||
| Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome | 1136 | ||
| Sepsis | 1136 | ||
| Severe Sepsis | 1136 | ||
| Septic Shock | 1137 | ||
| Immune pathophysiology | 1137 | ||
| What are animal models actually modeling? | 1138 | ||
| Immunologic mouse models of sepsis | 1139 | ||
| Toxemia | 1139 | ||
| Live Bacteria Infection | 1140 | ||
| Host Barrier Disruption | 1140 | ||
| Cecal ligation and puncture: similarities with human disease | 1140 | ||
| Cecal ligation and puncture: differences with human disease | 1141 | ||
| Cecal ligation and puncture: possible explanations for the observed differences | 1141 | ||
| Colon ascendens stent peritonitis: similarities with human disease | 1142 | ||
| Colon ascendens stent peritonitis: differences with human disease | 1142 | ||
| Colon ascendens stent peritonitis: possible explanations for the observed differences | 1142 | ||
| Cecal ligation and puncture versus colon ascendens stent peritonitis | 1142 | ||
| Discussion | 1143 | ||
| References | 1146 | ||
| The Opposing Forces of the Intestinal Microbiome and the Emerging Pathobiome | 1151 | ||
| Key points | 1151 | ||
| Introduction | 1151 | ||
| Rising incidence of surgical infections, antibiotic resistance, bowel preparations, and beyond | 1152 | ||
| Emerging importance of human microbiome in health and disease | 1154 | ||
| Genomics, metagenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics: the future of surgical research | 1155 | ||
| Application of next-generation sequencing technology to surgical problems | 1156 | ||
| Anastomotic Leak | 1156 | ||
| Gut-Derived Sepsis | 1156 | ||
| Wound Infection | 1158 | ||
| Summary | 1158 | ||
| References | 1158 | ||
| Advancing Technologies for the Diagnosis and Management of Infections | 1163 | ||
| Key points | 1163 | ||
| Introduction | 1163 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1164 | ||
| Polymerase Chain Reaction | 1164 | ||
| Next-Generation Sequencing | 1164 | ||
| Microarray Analysis | 1165 | ||
| Bacteriophages | 1165 | ||
| Microfluidics | 1165 | ||
| Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry | 1165 | ||
| On the Horizon | 1166 | ||
| Treatment and nanotechnology | 1166 | ||
| Drug Design | 1166 | ||
| Treatment | 1167 | ||
| Prophylaxis | 1168 | ||
| Computational modeling | 1169 | ||
| Summary | 1170 | ||
| References | 1170 | ||
| Infection Control in the Intensive Care Unit | 1175 | ||
| Key points | 1175 | ||
| Introduction | 1175 | ||
| General infection control measures | 1176 | ||
| Optimizing Nutritional Status | 1176 | ||
| Glycemic Control | 1176 | ||
| Staff Education and System-Based Practices | 1176 | ||
| Intensive Care Unit Environment | 1177 | ||
| Hand Hygiene | 1177 | ||
| Patient Screening | 1177 | ||
| Isolation Measures | 1177 | ||
| Patient Decolonization | 1178 | ||
| Specific infections | 1178 | ||
| Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia | 1178 | ||
| Risk Factors | 1178 | ||
| Prevention | 1178 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic strategies | 1178 | ||
| Pharmacologic strategies | 1179 | ||
| Catheter-related bloodstream infections | 1179 | ||
| Risk Factors | 1180 | ||
| Prevention | 1180 | ||
| Clostridium difficile colitis | 1181 | ||
| Risk Factors | 1181 | ||
| Prevention | 1182 | ||
| Catheter-associated urinary tract infections | 1182 | ||
| Risk Factors | 1183 | ||
| Prevention Strategies | 1183 | ||
| Summary | 1183 | ||
| References | 1184 | ||
| Resistant Pathogens, Fungi, and Viruses | 1195 | ||
| Key points | 1195 | ||
| Resistant pathogens and fungi | 1195 | ||
| Introduction | 1195 | ||
| Hospital-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus | 1196 | ||
| Risk factors for hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant S aureus | 1196 | ||
| Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant S aureus | 1196 | ||
| Various definitions of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S aureus | 1197 | ||
| Risk factors for community-acquired methicillin-resistant S aureus infection | 1197 | ||
| Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus spp | 1198 | ||
| Risk factors for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp infection | 1198 | ||
| Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Bacteria | 1199 | ||
| Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae | 1200 | ||
| Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae | 1200 | ||
| Candida | 1200 | ||
| Risk factors for invasive candidiasis | 1201 | ||
| Viruses | 1202 | ||
| Human Herpes Viruses in Surgical Patients | 1202 | ||
| Introduction to human herpes viruses | 1202 | ||
| Latency and reactivation | 1202 | ||
| Diagnosis of human herpes virus infection/reactivation | 1204 | ||
| Triggers of human herpes virus reactivation | 1204 | ||
| Human herpes viruses following cardiac surgery | 1204 | ||
| Human herpes viruses after trauma/burn injury | 1205 | ||
| Human herpes viruses in critical care/sepsis | 1206 | ||
| Human herpes viruses in gastrointestinal disease | 1207 | ||
| Treatment of human herpes virus reactivation/infection | 1208 | ||
| Summary | 1209 | ||
| References | 1209 | ||
| Upcoming Rules and Benchmarks Concerning the Monitoring of and the Payment for Surgical Infections | 1219 | ||
| Key points | 1219 | ||
| Introduction | 1220 | ||
| The inpatient prospective payment system and the value-based purchasing system | 1220 | ||
| Surgical care improvement project | 1222 | ||
| Other surgical infections measures | 1224 | ||
| Catheter-associated urinary tract infection | 1224 | ||
| Thirty-day mortality for pneumonia | 1226 | ||
| Central line–associated blood stream infection | 1227 | ||
| Surgical site infections | 1227 | ||
| Summary | 1228 | ||
| References | 1228 | ||
| Bloodstream Infections and Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections | 1233 | ||
| Key points | 1233 | ||
| Introduction | 1233 | ||
| Definitions | 1234 | ||
| Epidemiology | 1235 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1236 | ||
| History and Physical Examination | 1236 | ||
| Laboratory and Imaging Data | 1237 | ||
| Treatment | 1237 | ||
| Empirical Antimicrobial Therapy | 1237 | ||
| Source Control | 1239 | ||
| Identification of Bloodstream Infection Complications | 1240 | ||
| Definitive Antimicrobial Therapy | 1240 | ||
| Prevention of Bloodstream Infections | 1241 | ||
| Summary | 1242 | ||
| References | 1242 | ||
| Surgical Site Infections | 1245 | ||
| Key points | 1245 | ||
| Introduction | 1245 | ||
| Definitions | 1246 | ||
| Epidemiology | 1246 | ||
| Risk factors for surgical site infection | 1246 | ||
| Microbial factors | 1249 | ||
| Patient factors | 1252 | ||
| Perioperative factors | 1253 | ||
| Skin Decontamination | 1253 | ||
| Antibiotic Prophylaxis | 1254 | ||
| Additional Measures | 1255 | ||
| Major limitations in prevention | 1256 | ||
| Therapy | 1256 | ||
| The economic and quality of care impact of surgical site infections | 1257 | ||
| Summary | 1258 | ||
| References | 1258 | ||
| Prosthetic Joint Infections | 1265 | ||
| Key points | 1265 | ||
| Introduction | 1265 | ||
| Diagnosis of infection | 1266 | ||
| Medical treatment of infection | 1266 | ||
| Surgical treatment of infection | 1266 | ||
| Irrigation and Debridement | 1268 | ||
| One-Stage Exchange Arthroplasty | 1268 | ||
| Two-Stage Exchange Arthroplasty | 1270 | ||
| Other Surgical Situations | 1273 | ||
| Postoperative care | 1274 | ||
| Complications | 1274 | ||
| Outcomes | 1275 | ||
| Summary | 1275 | ||
| References | 1275 | ||
| Surgical Intervention for Thoracic Infections | 1283 | ||
| Key points | 1283 | ||
| Parapneumonic effusion and empyema | 1283 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1283 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1284 | ||
| Imaging | 1284 | ||
| Pleural Fluid Sampling | 1285 | ||
| To Drain or Not to Drain | 1287 | ||
| Surgical Intervention | 1289 | ||
| Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery and Thoracotomy | 1289 | ||
| Open Thoracostomy | 1291 | ||
| Pulmonary abscess | 1291 | ||
| Mycobacterial pulmonary disease | 1294 | ||
| Pulmonary aspergillosis | 1296 | ||
| Aspergilloma | 1296 | ||
| Invasive Aspergillosis | 1299 | ||
| Sternoclavicular joint infection | 1299 | ||
| References | 1301 | ||
| Pneumonia | 1305 | ||
| Key points | 1305 | ||
| Defining pneumonia | 1306 | ||
| Incidence | 1307 | ||
| Defining severity of pneumonia | 1307 | ||
| Definitions guiding antibiotic use | 1308 | ||
| Causative organisms | 1308 | ||
| Predictive models | 1308 | ||
| Prevention | 1309 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1310 | ||
| Empirical therapy | 1311 | ||
| Initial antibiotic selection and dosing | 1311 | ||
| Double coverage is not recommended | 1313 | ||
| Response to therapy | 1313 | ||
| Duration of treatment | 1313 | ||
| Reasons for treatment failure | 1313 | ||
| Special considerations in the population with trauma | 1314 | ||
| Summary | 1315 | ||
| References | 1315 | ||
| Intra-abdominal Infections | 1319 | ||
| Key points | 1319 | ||
| Introduction | 1319 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1320 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1320 | ||
| Treatment | 1322 | ||
| Resuscitation | 1322 | ||
| Source Control | 1322 | ||
| Antibiotics | 1323 | ||
| Specific considerations and controversies | 1326 | ||
| Appendicitis | 1326 | ||
| Source Control | 1326 | ||
| Acute Cholangitis | 1327 | ||
| Source control | 1327 | ||
| Antibiotics | 1327 | ||
| Pancreatitis | 1328 | ||
| Source control | 1328 | ||
| Antibiotics | 1328 | ||
| Infected Pancreatic Necrosis | 1328 | ||
| Source control | 1329 | ||
| Antibiotics | 1329 | ||
| Diverticulitis | 1329 | ||
| Source control | 1330 | ||
| Antibiotics | 1330 | ||
| Summary | 1331 | ||
| References | 1331 | ||
| Clostridium Difficile Infection | 1335 | ||
| Key points | 1335 | ||
| Introduction | 1335 | ||
| Bacterial characteristics | 1336 | ||
| Diagnosis | 1337 | ||
| Medical management of acute infection | 1338 | ||
| Surgical options in the management of acute disease | 1340 | ||
| Recurrent disease | 1341 | ||
| Prevention | 1343 | ||
| Summary | 1343 | ||
| References | 1344 | ||
| Urinary Tract Infections in Surgical Patients | 1351 | ||
| Key points | 1351 | ||
| Introduction | 1351 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 1352 | ||
| Evaluation | 1354 | ||
| Definitions | 1354 | ||
| Management | 1355 | ||
| Asymptomatic Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection | 1356 | ||
| Symptomatic Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection | 1357 | ||
| Epidural Analgesia and Urinary Catheters | 1359 | ||
| Cather-associated urinary tract infection prevention | 1359 | ||
| Types of Urinary Catheters | 1360 | ||
| Alternatives to Indwelling Urinary Catheterization | 1361 | ||
| Indwelling Urinary Catheter Indications | 1362 | ||
| Indwelling Urinary Catheter Duration | 1362 | ||
| Catheter Care | 1362 | ||
| Post-Removal Monitoring | 1363 | ||
| Prevention Strategies | 1363 | ||
| Summary | 1364 | ||
| References | 1364 | ||
| Index | 1369 |