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Pediatric Orthopedics, An Issue of Pediatric Clinics, E-Book

Pediatric Orthopedics, An Issue of Pediatric Clinics, E-Book

P. Christopher Cook

(2015)

Additional Information

Abstract

Dr. Cook has compiled a list of articles that will be highly relevant to practicing pediatricians because he organized the issue on issues that are most commonly seen, those that may have confusing assessment and management recommendations, and those that may have some change or advancement in treatment. The issue is focused on 4 major sections: the hip, sports, office pediatric orthopedics, and advances in pediatric orthopedics. Readers will leave with a thorough update on the most common orthopedic clinical challenges that face them in their practice.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Pediatric Orthopedics\r i
Copyright\r ii
PROGRAM OBJECTIVE iii
TARGET AUDIENCE iii
LEARNING OBJECTIVES iii
ACCREDITATION iii
DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST iii
UNAPPROVED/OFF-LABEL USE DISCLOSURE iii
TO ENROLL iv
METHOD OF PARTICIPATION iv
CME INQUIRIES/SPECIAL NEEDS iv
Contributors v
CONSULTING EDITOR v
EDITOR v
AUTHORS v
Contents vii
Foreword: Pediatric Orthopedics\r vii
Preface: Pediatric Orthopedics for the Primary Care Provider\r vii
Evaluation and Treatment of Developmental Hip Dysplasia in the Newborn and Infant\r vii
Transient Synovitis, Septic Hip, and Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease: An Approach to the Correct Diagnosis\r vii
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: How to Evaluate with a Review and Update of Treatment\r vii
Assessment and Treatment of Hip Pain in the Adolescent Athlete\r viii
Assessment and Treatment of Knee Pain in the Child and Adolescent Athlete\r viii
Lower Extremity Rotational and Angular Issues in Children\r viii
Foot Pain in the Child and Adolescent\r viii
Evaluation and Treatment of Childhood Musculoskeletal Injury in the Office\r ix
Update on Evaluation and Treatment of Scoliosis\r ix
Update on the Evaluation and Treatment of Osteogenesis Imperfecta\r ix
PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF\rNORTH AMERICA\r x
FORTHCOMING ISSUES x
February 2015 x
April 2015 x
June 2015 x
RECENT ISSUES x
October 2014 x
August 2014 x
June 2014 x
Foreword:\rPediatric Orthopedics xi
REFERENCES xii
Preface:\rPediatric Orthopedics for the Primary Care Provider xiii
REFERENCES xiv
Evaluation and Treatment of Developmental Hip Dysplasia in the Newborn and Infant 1095
Key points 1095
INTRODUCTION 1095
INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS 1096
NATURAL HISTORY 1096
SCREENING FOR DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE HIP 1097
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 1098
RADIOGRAPHY 1098
ULTRASONOGRAPHY 1099
SWADDLING 1100
TREATMENT 1102
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 1105
REFERENCES 1105
Transient Synovitis, Septic Hip, and Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease 1109
Key points 1109
EPIDEMIOLOGY 1109
CLINICAL PRESENTATION 1111
CLASSIC/ARCHETYPAL EXAMINATION 1112
Laboratory 1113
Imaging 1113
Radiography 1113
Ultrasonography 1113
Magnetic resonance imaging 1115
Bone scan 1116
CLINICAL ALGORITHMS 1116
DIAGNOSTIC SUGGESTIONS 1116
SUMMARY 1117
REFERENCES 1117
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis 1119
Key points 1119
INTRODUCTION 1119
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1120
Vascular Anatomy 1120
Osseous and Physeal Anatomy 1121
Related Conditions 1123
CLINICAL EVALUATION 1124
RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION 1126
CLASSIFICATION 1126
TREATMENT 1127
Closed Reduction and Spica Casting 1128
Open Reduction and Physiodesis 1128
In Situ Fixation 1128
Contemporary Surgical Treatments 1129
COMPLICATIONS 1131
SUMMARY 1131
REFERENCES 1131
Assessment and Treatment of Hip Pain in the Adolescent Athlete 1137
Key points 1137
INTRODUCTION 1137
HISTORY 1138
LOCATION 1139
CHARACTER/QUALITY 1139
TEMPORAL FACTORS 1140
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 1140
GAIT/STANDING 1140
SEATED/SUPINE 1140
SPECIAL TESTS 1141
DECUBITOUS/PRONE 1142
IMAGING 1142
Radiographs 1142
Ultrasound 1142
Magnetic Resonance Imaging 1143
Computed Tomography 1143
APOPHYSEAL INJURIES 1144
Treatment 1144
ACETABULAR LABRAL TEARS 1145
Treatment 1147
FEMOROACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT 1148
Treatment 1149
ATHLETIC PUBALGIA 1149
Treatment 1151
COXA SALTANS (SNAPPING HIP) AND INSTABILITY 1151
REFERENCES 1152
Assessment and Treatment of Knee Pain in the Child and Adolescent Athlete 1155
Key points 1155
INTRODUCTION 1155
Assessment 1155
Physical Examination 1156
OVERUSE INJURY 1159
Osteochondrosis 1159
Osgood-Schlatter 1159
Sinding-Larsen-Johansson 1161
Synovial Plicae of the Knee 1162
Osteochondritis Dissecans 1163
TRAUMATIC INJURY 1164
Fracture 1164
Sleeve fracture 1164
Tibial tuberosity fracture 1164
Tibial spine (intercondylar eminence) 1165
Cruciate Ligament Injury 1165
Anterior cruciate 1165
Posterior cruciate 1167
Collateral Ligament Injury 1167
Meniscal Injury 1167
Patellofemoral Injury 1168
REFERENCES 1168
Lower Extremity Rotational and Angular Issues in Children 1175
Key points 1175
INTRODUCTION/OVERVIEW 1175
THE MUSCULOSKELETAL EVALUATION/PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 1175
SPECIFIC ISSUES 1177
Intoeing/Out-toeing 1177
Femoral Anteversion 1178
Internal and External Tibial Torsion 1179
Metatarsus Adductus 1180
ANGULAR DEFORMITIES 1181
Overview 1181
Genu Varum 1181
Genu Valgum 1182
SUMMARY 1182
REFERENCES 1182
Foot Pain in the Child and Adolescent 1185
Key points 1185
INTRODUCTION 1185
KOHLER’S DISEASE 1185
Epidemiology 1185
Pathophysiology 1185
Clinical Findings 1186
Imaging 1186
Treatment 1186
Outcomes 1186
SEVER’S DISEASE 1187
Epidemiology 1187
Pathophysiology 1187
Clinical Findings 1187
Imaging 1187
Treatment 1187
Outcomes 1188
ISELIN’S DISEASE 1188
Epidemiology 1188
Pathophysiology 1188
Clinical Findings 1188
Imaging 1188
Treatment 1189
Outcomes 1189
RIGID FLATFOOT 1189
Epidemiology 1189
Pathophysiology 1190
Clinical Findings 1190
Imaging 1190
Treatment 1191
Outcomes 1191
ACCESSORY NAVICULAR 1193
Epidemiology 1193
Pathophysiology 1193
Clinical Findings 1193
Imaging 1193
Treatment 1193
Outcomes 1193
FREIBERG’S DISEASE 1194
Epidemiology 1194
Pathophysiology 1195
Clinical Findings 1195
Imaging 1195
Treatment 1195
Outcomes 1196
COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME 1197
Epidemiology 1197
Evaluation and Treatment of Childhood Musculoskeletal Injury in the Office 1207
Key points 1207
INTRODUCTION 1207
LOCATION OF EVALUATION: OFFICE OR HOSPITAL? 1207
HISTORY 1208
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 1208
RADIOGRAPHS 1208
PLASTIC DEFORMITY 1209
OFFICE-BASED TREATMENTS 1210
Slings 1210
Removable Splints 1210
Rigid Plastic Boot 1211
Buddy Taping 1212
Crutches 1212
LOWER EXTREMITY 1212
Pelvis, Hip, and Femur 1212
Apophyseal Avulsion Fractures 1212
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis 1212
KNEE 1213
Acute Knee Injury 1213
Fractures About the Knee and Tibial Shaft 1214
Ankle Injuries 1214
Foot and Toes 1216
Seymour fracture 1216
UPPER EXTREMITY 1217
Shoulder 1217
Clavicle fractures 1217
Proximal humerus fractures 1217
Elbow 1218
Forearm 1219
Wrist 1219
Buckle fractures 1219
Hand 1221
REFERENCES 1221
Update on Evaluation and Treatment of Scoliosis 1223
Key points 1223
INTRODUCTION 1223
IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS 1223
Infantile Idiopathic Scoliosis 1224
Juvenile Idiopathic Scoliosis 1224
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis 1225
CONGENITAL SCOLIOSIS 1226
NEUROMUSCULAR SCOLIOSIS 1226
MISCELLANEOUS CAUSES 1227
EVALUATION OF SCOLIOSIS 1227
HISTORY 1227
EXAMINATION 1228
SCREENING FOR ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS 1228
RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION 1229
Plain Radiograph 1229
ANCILLARY INVESTIGATION 1231
Computed Tomography Scan 1231
MRI 1231
Other Investigations 1232
MANAGEMENT OF SCOLIOSIS 1232
Management of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis 1232
Observation 1232
Brace 1232
Surgical treatment 1232
Management of Early Onset Scoliosis 1233
Observation 1234
Serial casting 1234
Bracing 1235
Surgery 1235
Management of Neuromuscular Scoliosis 1237
Nonsurgical treatment 1238
Surgical treatment 1238
SUMMARY 1240
REFERENCES 1240
Update on the Evaluation and Treatment of Osteogenesis Imperfecta 1243
Key points 1243
CLASSIFICATION OF OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA 1244
Autosomal Dominant Osteogenesis Imperfecta 1244
Autosomal Recessive Osteogenesis Imperfecta 1246
EXTRASKELETAL CLINICAL FEATURES OF OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA 1246
Hearing Loss 1246
Dental Abnormalities 1246
Ocular Changes 1246
Connective Tissue Features 1247
Hypercalciuria 1247
Cardiovascular Features 1247
Neurologic Features 1247
DIAGNOSIS AND DIFFERENTIAL 1247
MANAGEMENT 1249
Rehabilitation 1249
Surgical Treatment 1250
Pharmacologic Treatment 1251
Bisphosphonates 1251
Growth hormone 1251
Potential future therapies 1253
SUMMARY 1253
REFERENCES 1253
Index 1259