BOOK
Clinical Applications of Probiotics in Gastroenterology: Questions and Answers, An Issue of Gastroenterology Clinics - E-Book
(2012)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
The authors in this issue will provide state-of-the-art reviews on the use of probiotics in care of the gastroenterologic system. Articles are devoted to probiotics as treatment for IBD, chronic diarrhea, C. difficile colitis, functional bowel disease, allergic disorders, necrotizing enterocolitis, and obesity. Other articles examine the safety of probiotics, fecal biotherapy, and molecular assessment of intestinal microflora.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Gastroenterology Clinics of North America: Clinical Applications of Probiotics in Gastroenterology: Questions and Answers | i | ||
| Copyright Page | ii | ||
| Table of Contents | v | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| GASTROENTEROLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA | viii | ||
| Preface: Clinical Applications of Probiotics\rin Gastroenterology: Questions\rand Answers | ix | ||
| Chapter 1. Early Development of Intestinal Microbiota: Implications for Future Health | 717 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 717 | ||
| COMPOSITION OF EARLY GUT MICROBIOTA | 718 | ||
| DETERMINANTS OF INFANT MICROBIOTA | 719 | ||
| MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH DISEASE | 722 | ||
| SUMMARY | 725 | ||
| REFERENCES | 725 | ||
| Chapter 2. Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis with Probiotics | 733 | ||
| HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY IN PRETERM INFANTS | 735 | ||
| BACTERIAL COLONIZATION OF PRETERM INFANTS | 737 | ||
| PROBIOTICS IN NEC PREVENTION | 737 | ||
| CONCERNS | 740 | ||
| SUMMARY | 743 | ||
| REFERENCES | 743 | ||
| Chapter 3. Probiotics in the Development and Treatment of Allergic Disease | 747 | ||
| THE HYGIENE HYPOTHESIS AND GUT MICROBIOTA: THE STARTING POINT | 747 | ||
| ALLERGIC DISORDERS: A MOVING TARGET FOR THERAPEUTIC AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES? | 748 | ||
| ESTABLISHMENT OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA: NEW INSIGHT INTO PROBIOTIC ACTION | 749 | ||
| PROBIOTICS: DEFINITIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS | 753 | ||
| EVIDENCE OF PROBIOTIC ACTION: HOW TO INTERPRET CLINICAL DATA | 753 | ||
| FUTURE CHALLENGES | 758 | ||
| SUMMARY | 758 | ||
| REFERENCES | 759 | ||
| Chapter 4. The Role of Probiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea and Clostridium Difficile Colitis | 763 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 763 | ||
| CAUSES OF AAD | 764 | ||
| PREVENTING AAD WITH PROBIOTICS | 764 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF PROBIOTICS | 765 | ||
| SINGLE STRAIN PROBIOTICS USED FOR TREATING AAD | 765 | ||
| MULTISTRAIN PROBIOTICS FOR TREATING AAD | 767 | ||
| PREVENTION OF PEDIATRIC AAD | 767 | ||
| PREVENTING ADULT AAD | 767 | ||
| META-ANALYTIC POOLING | 768 | ||
| AAD AND HELICOBACTER PYLORI THERAPY | 768 | ||
| META-ANALYTIC CONFIRMATION OF RESULTS SUPPORTING USE OF PROBIOTICS FOR AAD | 769 | ||
| AAD–THE PATHWAY TO CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE COLITIS | 769 | ||
| THE SPECTRUM OF CDI INFECTION | 769 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASE SEVERITY | 770 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS OF CDI | 770 | ||
| LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS | 771 | ||
| TREATMENT OF CDI | 771 | ||
| OTHER THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS | 772 | ||
| RECURRENT CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE COLITIS | 772 | ||
| TREATMENT OF RECURRENT CDI | 773 | ||
| INFECTION CONTROL AND PREVENTION MEASURES | 773 | ||
| MONITORING ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS | 773 | ||
| USING PROBIOTICS TO PREVENT CDI | 774 | ||
| ADJUNCTIVE PROBIOTIC THERAPY TO PREVENT RECURRENT CDI | 775 | ||
| SAFETY OF PROBIOTICS | 775 | ||
| THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION | 776 | ||
| SUMMARY | 776 | ||
| REFERENCES | 776 | ||
| Chapter 5. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Techniques, Applications, and Issues | 781 | ||
| DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY OF FMT | 781 | ||
| FMT BROUGHT INTO CLINICAL USE AFTER THE CDI EPIDEMIC | 782 | ||
| GUT MIROBIOTA—THE VIRTUAL ORGAN | 787 | ||
| RATIONALE FOR FMT USE | 788 | ||
| FMT IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE | 789 | ||
| FMT—EMERGING APPLICATIONS | 792 | ||
| HOW IS FMT CURRENTLY PERFORMED | 797 | ||
| HOW WILL FMT BE PERFORMED IN THE FUTURE? | 797 | ||
| SUMMARY | 797 | ||
| REFERENCES | 798 | ||
| Chapter 6. Probiotics in the Management of Functional Bowel Disorders: Promise Fulfilled? | 805 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 805 | ||
| A SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR THE USE OF PROBIOTICS IN FUNCTIONAL BOWEL DISORDERS | 806 | ||
| CLINICAL STUDIES OF PROBIOTICS IN FUNCTIONAL BOWEL DISORDERS | 810 | ||
| THE FUTURE | 811 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 811 | ||
| REFERENCES | 811 | ||
| Chapter 7. Probiotic Bacteria in the Prevention and the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 821 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 821 | ||
| GASTROINTESTINAL MICROBES AND IBD | 822 | ||
| PROBIOTICS | 823 | ||
| PROBIOTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE | 824 | ||
| SUMMARY | 837 | ||
| REFERENCES | 838 | ||
| Chapter 8. Probiotics, Prebiotics, Energy Balance, and Obesity: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Implications | 843 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 843 | ||
| ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GUT MICROBIOTA AND OBESITY: PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS | 844 | ||
| THE ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN HUMAN OBESITY | 848 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC TARGETS | 849 | ||
| SUMMARY | 850 | ||
| REFERENCES | 850 | ||
| Chapter 9. Nucleic Acid-based Methods to Assess the Composition and Function of the Bowel Microbiota | 855 | ||
| IS THERE A NEED TO KNOW ABOUT MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION IN PROBIOTIC STUDIES? | 855 | ||
| WHY USE NUCLEIC ACID-BASED TOOLS IN MICROBIOTA STUDIES? | 856 | ||
| WHY DETECT PROBIOTIC BACTERIA USING BULK DNA? | 858 | ||
| ELECTROPHORETIC METHODS TO SCREEN MICROBIOTA COMPOSITIONS | 859 | ||
| FLUORESCENT PROBES | 859 | ||
| MEASURING ABUNDANCE OF BACTERIAL GROUPS BY QUANTITATIVE PCR | 860 | ||
| DNA CHIPS TO SCREEN MICROBIOTA COMPOSITIONS | 861 | ||
| PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS—DETAILED MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION | 862 | ||
| METAGENOMICS—DETERMINING MICROBIOTA BIOCHEMICAL CAPACITY | 863 | ||
| METATRANSCRIPTOMICS—MICROBIOTA BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS IN ACTION | 864 | ||
| PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER—MULTIVALENT ANALYSIS AT A PRACTICAL LEVEL | 865 | ||
| REFERENCES | 866 | ||
| Chapter 10. A Commentary on the Safety of Probiotics | 869 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 869 | ||
| WHEN FRIENDLY BACTERIA BEHAVE POORLY | 870 | ||
| JUST THE FACTS | 871 | ||
| ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND TRANSFER | 872 | ||
| DESIGNER TURBO PROBIOTICS | 872 | ||
| TALES OF THE UNEXPECTED | 873 | ||
| WHAT IS ON THE LABEL? WHAT IS REALLY IN IT? | 874 | ||
| SUMMARY | 874 | ||
| REFERENCES | 874 | ||
| Index | 877 |