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Visceral Vascular Manipulations E-Book

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Visceral Vascular Manipulations E-Book

Jean-Pierre Barral | Alain Croibier

(2011)

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Additional Information

Book Details

ISBN
978-0-7020-4983-5
Edition
Language
English
Pages
294
Subjects
Respiratory medicine
Therapy & therapeutics
Physiotherapy
Chiropractic & osteopathy
Mind, body, spirit

Abstract

This work demonstrates a novel approach to visceral osteopathy. Basing their ideas on a sound understanding of the underlying A&P, Jean-Pierre Barral and Alain Croibier propose manipulation of the arteries to treat the intestines and other internal organs by increasing their blood flow. The arteries, elastic and muscular in structure, and the innumerable nerve filaments which surround them, react ideally to manual treatment. Rich in detailed, high quality illustrations, this book serves as both an anatomical reference and a guide to carrying out visceral vascular manipulations in the most effective way possible and is suitable for osteopathic physicians, osteopaths, chiropractors, physical therapists, manual therapists, physiotherapists, and massage therapists worldwide.

  • Offers practical and clinically relevant information to all practitioners and therapists working in the field

  • Abundant use of pull-out boxes, line artwork, photographs and tables facilitates ease of understanding

  • Prepared by experts of international renown

  • Covers treatment of the main organs including the heart, pancreas, small intestine, colon and other abdominal structures as well as the regions of the neck, skull and pelvic cavity

  • Serves as both an anatomical reference and a guide to carrying out visceral vascular manipulations in the most effective way possible

  • Suitable for osteopathic physicians and osteopaths, chiropractors, physical therapists, manual therapists, physiotherapists, and massage therapists

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front cover cover
Visceral Vascular Manipulations i
Copyright page iv
Table of Contents v
Preface xxi
Acknowledgments xxiii
General principles 1
1 General organization of the cardiovascular system 3
1.1 Introduction to the cardiovascular system 3
1.1.1 Circulatory system 3
1.1.2 Vascular network 3
1.1.3 The heart 3
1.1.4 Vascular sections – resistance and capacitance 4
High pressure system 4
Low pressure system 5
1.1.5 Blood distribution 5
At rest 5
With exertion 6
1.1.6 Types of circulation 6
1.2 The heart 7
1.2.1 Anatomy review 7
Form and orientation 7
Chambers 7
Atria 7
Ventricles 7
Valves 7
Arterioventricular valves 7
Arterial valves 7
Structure of the heart 8
Myocardium 8
Fibrous skeleton 8
Muscular fibers 9
Conduction system of the heart 9
Endocardium 10
Pericardium 10
Serous pericardium 11
Fibrous pericardium 11
Cardiac vessels 13
Vasa publica 13
Vasa privata 13
1.2.2 Extrinsic innervation 13
Sympathetic system 13
Parasympathetic system 13
Cardiac plexus 13
Actions 16
Adaptation of cardiac activity 16
Sympathetic action 16
Parasympathetic action 16
Vagal sympathetic tone 17
1.3 Vessels 17
1.3.1 Histology 17
Vascular walls 17
Tunica intima 17
Tunica media 17
Tunica adventitia 18
Arterial smooth muscle fibers 18
Endothelium 19
1.3.2 Arteries 19
Arterial network 19
Elastic arteries 19
Muscular arteries 19
Arterioles 19
Anastomoses 19
Inosculation 19
Transversal 19
Convergence 20
Plexus 20
Vasculature and innervation 20
Vasa vasorum 20
Nervi nervorum 20
Angiogenesis 20
1.3.3 Capillaries 20
Capillary bed 21
Microcirculation 21
1.3.4 Veins 21
Walls 21
Number 21
Capacity 21
Valves 21
Venous sinus 23
Properties 23
1.3.5 Vascular network 23
1.4 Blood 23
1.4.1 Functions of blood 23
Transport 23
Regulation 23
Defense 23
Hemostasis 25
1.4.2 Blood volume 25
1.4.3 Composition 25
Plasma 25
Blood cells 25
Erythrocytes or red blood cells 25
Leukocytes, or white blood cells 25
Platelets or thrombocytes 25
1.4.4 Hematocrit 26
1.4.5 Physical properties 26
1.4.6 Viscosity 26
2 Circulatory physiology 27
2.1 Circulatory function – generalities 27
2.1.1 Conceptualization 27
2.1.2 Pressures 27
Blood pressure 27
Arterial pressure 27
Systolic pressure 27
Diastolic pressure 28
Average blood pressure 28
Values 28
2.1.3 Arterial tension 29
2.1.4 Arterial pulse 29
2.1.5 Compliance and elasticity 29
2.2 Cardiac physiology 29
2.2.1 Cardiac mass 29
Heart rate 29
Cardiac cycle 30
Terminology 30
Cardiac cycle 31
2.2.2 Cardiac output 32
Regulation of output 33
Frank–Starling law 33
Volume of systolic ejection 33
Pre-charge 33
Post-charge 33
Output adaptation 34
2.2.3 Endocrine function 34
2.3 Hemodynamics 34
2.3.1 General hemodynamics 35
Speed of blood flux 35
Output 35
Definitions 35
Output–speed relationship 35
Principle of continuity 35
Cross-section effects 35
Effects on pressure 36
Circulation time 36
Blood flow 36
Circulatory gradients 36
The notion of vascular charge 37
Blood viscosity 37
Loss of charge 38
Venturi effect 38
Nature of the flow 38
Velocity profile 38
Flow velocities 39
Laminar flow 39
Turbulent flow 39
Reynolds’ number 39
2.3.2 Arterial hemodynamics 40
Elastic arteries 40
Windkessel effect 40
Pressure wave 41
Muscular arteries 41
Peripheral vascular resistance 41
Law of Hagen–Poiseuille 42
Arterioles and circulatory resistance 42
2.3.3 Microcirculation 42
Organization 42
Exchanges 42
2.3.4 Venous hemodynamics 43
Capacitance and elastic veins 43
Venous return 43
Abdominothoracic pressure 43
Central venous pressure 45
3 Homeostasis of the cardiovascular system 46
3.1 Cardiovascular adaptation factors 46
3.1.1 Local circulatory regulation 46
Vascular self-regulation 46
Mechanisms of autoregulation 47
Myogenic effects 47
Temperature 47
Oxygen deficiency 47
Metabolites 47
Autacoids 47
Vascular endothelium 48
Results 48
3.1.2 The nervous system 49
Receptors 49
Arterial receptors 49
Baroreceptors 49
Chemoreceptors 49
Other receptors 49
Central control 50
Cardiovascular motor centers in the brainstem 50
Responses 50
Electrical pathway 50
Sympathetic system 50
Parasympathetic system 51
Mediators 51
3.1.3 Hormonal system 53
Adrenal medullary hormones 53
The practice of visceral vascular manipulation 83
7 Principles of visceral vascular manipulation 85
7.1 The viscera: what an evolution! 85
7.2 The global concept of visceral vascular manipulation 86
7.2.1 Concept of vascular supply and interdependence 86
Some examples 86
The stomach 86
The pancreas 86
The small intestine 86
The duodenum 86
7.2.2 Arteries and pain 87
Migraine 87
Nervous and chemical hormonal systems 87
Trigeminal cervical system 87
Pathophysiology of mammary pain 87
7.3 Principal vascular techniques 87
7.3.1 Glide induction 87
7.3.2 Stretch induction 88
7.3.3 Compression–decompression induction 88
7.3.4 Combined stretches 88
7.3.5 ‘Accordion’ technique 88
7.3.6 Visceral irrigation technique 88
Irrigation technique principles 88
Arteriovenous axis 88
Maintained lift or stretch 89
Unpleating arteries and veins 89
Experimentation 89
Irrigation technique methodology 89
Respect the direction of the vascular axis 89
Preliminary vascular shortening 89
Main organs affected by irrigation techniques 89
7.4 Arteries and veins: an indissoluble system 89
1 Vessels of the Thorax 91
8 The thorax: 91
8.1 The container 91
8.2 The rigid components 91
8.2.1 Sagittal evaluation 91
In decubitus position 91
First test 91
Second test 91
In procubitus position 92
8.2.2 Lateral evaluation 92
8.2.3 Double compression evaluation 92
Position 92
Test 93
8.2.4 Double compression treatment 93
First time 93
Second time 93
8.3 The contents 93
9 The heart 94
9.1 Anatomy review 94
9.1.1 External configuration 94
9.1.2 Excitability of the cardiac fibers 94
Central nervous system 94
Vagal parasympathetic system 95
Sympathetic nervous system 95
Vagosympathetic actions 95
Carotid sinus 95
Vagal cervicothoracic depressor nerve 95
9.1.3 The great vessels of the heart 95
9.1.4 Landmarks simplified 95
9.1.5 Fibrous skeleton of the heart 95
9.2 Clinical evaluation of precordial pain 98
9.2.1 Chest pain 98
Circumstances of onset 98
Location of pain 98
Intensity of the pain 98
Duration of the pain 98
Dyspnea 98
Discussion 98
9.2.2 Precordial pain of noncardiac origin 99
The stomach 99
The esophagus 99
Costovertebral neuralgia 99
Other causes 100
9.2.3 Psychoemotional factors 100
9.3 Manual approach 100
9.3.1 Precautions 100
9.3.2 Indications 100
9.3.3 Contraindications 100
9.3.4 Compression – palpation of the heart 101
Protocol 101
Naturally hard areas of the heart 101
What the palm feels 101
9.3.5 Manipulations 101
Technique for the fibrous skeleton 101
Position 101
Direct technique 101
Double pressure technique 102
Aortic arch technique 103
Test 103
Position 105
Technique 105
10 The thymus 106
10.1 Can the thymus be felt? 106
10.2 Anatomy review 106
10.2.1 Evolution 106
10.2.2 Vascularization 106
10.2.3 Innervation 106
10.2.4 Structure 106
10.3 Physiology simplified 106
10.4 Manual approach 109
10.4.1 Retrosternal technique 109
10.4.2 Vascular manipulations 109
11 The subclavian arteries 110
11.1 Anatomy review 110
11.1.1 Origin 110
11.1.2 Dimensions 110
11.1.3 Pathway 110
11.1.4 Relations 110
Prescalene segment 110
Interscalene segment 110
Postscalene segment 111
11.1.5 Collaterals 111
11.1.6 Termination 112
11.1.7 Irrigation territories 112
11.2 Manual approach 112
11.2.1 Contraindications 112
11.2.2 Indications 112
11.2.3 Palpation 112
Location of the brachial artery 112
Location of the subclavian artery 112
11.2.4 Manipulations 114
First method 114
Position 114
Maneuver 114
Second method 114
Sweeping the subclavian artery 114
Pleurocervical attachments 115
Step one 115
Step two 115
Sweeping 115
Third method 115
Position 115
Technique 116
12 The pulmonary vessels 117
12.1 Anatomy 117
12.1.1 Vasa publica 117
12.1.2 Vasa privata 117
12.1.3 Pulmonary hilum 117
12.1.4 Comments 117
12.2 Precautions 117
12.3 Contraindications 118
12.4 Indications 118
12.5 Pulmonary vascular manipulation 118
12.5.1 Comments 118
12.5.2 Position 118
12.5.3 Techniques 118
Pulmonary arteries 118
Pulmonary arterioles 119
Manipulation in lateral decubitus 120
13 Vessels of the breast 121
13.1 Breast pain and the role of estrogen 121
13.2 Breast cancer 121
13.3 Anatomy 122
13.3.1 Container 122
13.3.2 Contents 123
13.3.3 Innervation 123
Intercostal nerves 123
Nerves of the autonomic system 124
Tegumentary innervation 124
13.3.4 Vascularization 124
Arteries of the breast 124
Subclavian artery (see Chapter 11) 124
Internal thoracic artery 125
Origin 125
Pathway 125
Interesting relationship 125
Collaterals 125
Terminal branches 126
Axillary artery 126
Origin 126
Pathway 126
Termination 126
Relations 126
Collaterals 126
Thoracoacromial artery 126
Superior thoracic artery 126
Lateral thoracic artery 126
Comments 127
Deep venous network 127
Medial drainage 127
Posterior drainage 127
13.4 Manipulations 127
13.4.1 Preamble 127
13.4.2 Internal thoracic artery 128
Pulse evaluation 128
Manipulation 128
Position 128
Technique 128
13.4.3 The axillary artery 128
Manipulation of the subclavian muscle 128
Position 129
Technique 129
Manipulation of pectoralis minor muscle (posterior part) 129
13.4.4 Superior thoracic artery 129
13.4.5 Lateral thoracic artery 129
13.4.6 Brachial artery (see Chapter 11) 129
13.4.7 Viscoelasticity treatment of the breast 129
Precaution 130
Position 130
13.4.8 Traction–induction of the breast 130
First method 130
Second method 131
13.4.9 Manipulation of the intercostal pedicle 132
2 Vessels of the head and neck 133
14 The common carotid artery 133
14.1 Anatomy review 133
14.1.1 Origin 133
14.1.2 Pathway 133
14.1.3 Termination 133
14.1.4 Relations 133
14.1.5 Carotid triangle 133
14.1.6 Features 133
14.1.7 Terminal branches 133
14.2 Manual approach 133
14.2.1 Palpation 133
Caudad part 134
Medial part 134
Cephalad part 136
What to look for in evaluating the artery 136
14.2.2 Precautions 136
14.2.3 Contraindications 136
14.2.4 Indications 137
14.2.5 Manipulations 137
One position for three techniques 137
Bidigital technique 137
Multidigital stretch technique 138
Glide–induction technique 138
15 The external carotid artery 139
15.1 Anatomy review 139
15.1.1 Origin 139
15.1.2 Course 139
15.1.3 Terminal branches 139
15.1.4 Collaterals 139
15.2 Manual approach 139
15.2.1 Palpation 139
15.2.2 Precautions 139
15.2.3 Contraindications 139
15.2.4 Indications 141
15.2.5 Manipulations 141
Common position for three techniques 141
Bidigital stretch technique 141
Gliding–induction technique 141
Digital spreading–gliding technique 141
16 The facial artery 143
16.1 Anatomy 143
16.1.1 Origin 143
16.1.2 Course 143
16.1.3 Termination 143
16.1.4 Collaterals 143
16.1.5 Function 143
16.1.6 Anastomoses 143
16.2 Manual approach 143
16.2.1 Pulse landmarks 143
Comments 143
16.2.2 Indications 146
16.2.3 Supratrochlear–angular anastomoses 146
17 The occipital artery 147
17.1 Anatomy 147
17.1.1 Origin 147
17.1.2 Course 147
17.1.3 Collaterals 147
17.1.4 Terminal branches 147
17.2 Manual approach 147
17.2.1 Palpation 147
17.2.2 Indications 147
17.2.3 Manipulations 147
Position 147
Technique 149
Comment 149
18 The posterior auricular artery 150
18.1 Anatomy 150
18.1.1 Origin 150
18.1.2 Pathway 150
18.1.3 Collaterals 150
18.1.4 Terminal branches 150
18.1.5 Anastomoses 150
18.2 Manual approach 150
18.2.1 Palpation 150
18.2.2 Indications 150
18.2.3 Manipulations 152
18.2.4 Position 152
18.2.5 Technique 152
19 The maxillary artery 153
19.1 Anatomy 153
19.1.1 Origin 153
19.1.2 Pathway 153
19.1.3 Collaterals 153
19.2 Manual approach 153
19.2.1 Palpation 153
Position 153
Infraorbital artery 153
Mental artery 155
19.2.2 Indications 155
19.2.3 Infraorbital artery technique 155
20 The superficial temporal artery 156
20.1 Anatomy 156
20.1.1 Origin 156
20.1.2 Pathway 156
20.1.3 Collaterals 156
20.1.4 Terminal branches 156
20.1.5 Features 156
20.2 Manual approach 156
20.2.1 Position 156
20.2.2 Transverse facial artery 156
Technique 156
20.2.3 Zygomatico-orbital artery 158
Conclusion 253
Glossary 254
Bibliography 258
Index 260

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