Menu Expand
  1. Subjects (Books)
Textbook of Natural Medicine - E-Book

BOOK

Textbook of Natural Medicine - E-Book

Joseph E. Pizzorno | Michael T. Murray

(2012)

Login to order (PDF)

Additional Information

Book Details

ISBN
978-1-4557-4014-7
Edition
4
Language
English
Pages
1944
Subjects
Respiratory medicine
Complementary medicine
Massage
Mind, body, spirit

Abstract

Covering preventive, non-invasive, and natural treatments, Textbook of Natural Medicine, 4th Edition offers more than just alternative medicine. It promotes an integrated practice that can utilize natural medicine, traditional Western medicine, or a combination of both in a comprehensive, scientific treatment plan. Based on a combination of philosophy and clinical studies, Textbook of Natural Medicine helps you provide health care that identifies and controls the underlying causes of disease, is supportive of the body's own healing processes, and is considerate of each patient's unique biochemistry. Internationally known authors Joseph Pizzorno and Michael Murray include detailed pharmacologic information on herbs and supplements, plus evidence-based coverage of diseases and conditions to help you make accurate diagnoses and provide effective therapy.

  • Comprehensive, unique coverage makes this book the gold standard in natural medicine.

  • A scientific presentation includes the science behind concepts and treatments, and discusses Western medical treatments and how they can work with natural medicine in a comprehensive treatment plan; if natural medicine is not effective, this book recommends the Western treatment.

  • Coverage of pharmacology of natural medicines includes the uses and potential dangers of nearly 80 herbal medicines, special nutrients, and other natural agents, addressing topics such as general information, chemical composition, history, pharmacology, clinical applications dosage, and toxicology.

  • In-depth, evidence-based coverage of 73 diseases and conditions includes key diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology of diseases, and therapeutic rationales.

  • Coverage of potential interactions between drugs, herbs, and supplements ensures the safest possible use for each of 79 herbs and supplements.

  • Diagnostic procedures include practical, easy-to-follow descriptions of evidence-based techniques plus discussions of clinical application of diet analysis, food allergy testing, immune function assessment, fatty acid profiling, hair mineral analysis, and other diagnostic approaches.

  • Common therapeutic modalities are described and reviewed, including botanical medicine, nutritional therapy, therapeutic fasting, exercise therapy, hydrotherapy, counseling, acupuncture, homeopathy, and soft tissue manipulation.

  • Coverage of syndromes and therapies helps in understanding the underlying causes of diseases by discussing topics such as food reactions, functional toxicology, sports nutrition, stress management, and breathing pattern disorders.

  • Coverage of the philosophy of natural medicine includes its history and background, with discussions of toxicity, detoxification, and scientific documentation of the healing actions of nature and natural substances.

  • Internationally known authors Joseph Pizzorno and Michael Murray and more than 90 expert contributors provide material that is up to date, accurate, and informed.

  • More than 10,000 research literature citations show that the content is based on science rather than opinions or anecdotes.

  • 13 useful appendices offer quick lookup of frequently used charts, handouts, and information.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Textbook of Natural Medicine iii
Copyright iv
Dedication v
Contributors vii
Preface xiii
Preface to the Third Edition xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Contents xix
Section 1 - PHILOSOPHY OF NATURAL MEDICINE 1
Chapter 1 - Eastern Origins of Integrative Medicine and Modern Applications 2
?INTRODUCTION 2
?COMPARISON OF EASTERN AND WESTERN MEDICINE: ORIGINS AND PHILOSOPHIES 3
?MODERN APPLICATIONS: THE AGE OF INTEGRATION 5
?TOOLS FOR INTEGRATION 6
REFERENCES 7
Chapter 2 - Functional Medicine: A Twenty-First Century Model of Patient Care and Medical Education 8
?WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE? 8
?CONSTRUCTING THE MODEL 12
?INTEGRATION OF CARE 16
REFERENCES 16
Chapter 3 - A Hierarchy of Healing: The Therapeutic Order: A Unifying Theory of Naturopathic Medicine 18
?A BRIEF HISTORY OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE 18
?ORIGINAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY 19
?MODERN NATUROPATHIC CLINICAL THEORY: THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT 20
?A THEORY OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE 22
?ILLNESS AND HEALING AS PROCESS 22
?THE DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH 25
?THERAPEUTIC ORDER 25
?THEORY IN NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE 29
REFERENCES 30
Chapter 4 - The History of Naturopathic Medicine: The Emergence and Evolution of an American School of Healing 34
?INTRODUCTION 34
?A BRIEF HISTORY OF EARLY AMERICAN MEDICINE WITH AN EMPHASIS ON NATURAL HEALING 35
?THE FOUNDING OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE 40
?EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY MEDICINE 48
?THE MODERN REJUVENATION 55
?THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY AWAITS 57
REFERENCES 58
Chapter 5 - Philosophy of Naturopathic Medicine 61
?INTRODUCTION 61
?MEDICAL PHILOSOPHY 61
?NATUROPATHIC PHILOSOPHY 66
?THE PHILOSOPHICAL CONTINUUM 67
?CONCLUSION 67
Chapter 6 - Placebo and the Power to Heal 69
?INTRODUCTION 69
?PLACEBO RESPONSE 70
?WHY STUDY THE PLACEBO EFFECT? 70
?HISTORY OF PLACEBO 70
?ORIGIN OF THE TERM PLACEBO 71
?CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS OF “KNOWN” PLACEBO THERAPY 71
?PLACEBO MYTHS 72
?PHARMACODYNAMICS 73
?PLACEBO HEALING MECHANISMS 73
?CLINICAL APPLICATION 76
?ETHICS 82
?CONCLUSION 83
REFERENCES 83
Chapter 7 - Positive Mental Attitude 88
?INTRODUCTION 88
?ATTITUDE, PERSONALITY, EMOTIONS, AND IMMUNE FUNCTION 88
?ATTITUDE AND CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH 89
?ATTITUDE AND SELF-ACTUALIZATION 89
?CLINICAL ASPECTS OF LEARNED OPTIMISM 91
REFERENCES 92
Chapter 8 - Research in Natural Medicine 93
?WHAT IS NATURAL MEDICINE? 93
?PURPOSE OF RESEARCH 93
?METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES 94
?CRITERIA FOR A PRIORITIZED RESEARCH PROGRAM 99
REFERENCES 99
Section 2 - SUPPLEMENTARY DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES 101
Chapter 9 - Apoptosis Assessment 102
?INTRODUCTION 102
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 105
?CONCLUSIONS 106
REFERENCES 107
Chapter 10 - Bacterial Overgrowth of the Small Intestine Breath Test 108
?INTRODUCTION 108
?LABORATORY ASSESSMENT 110
?TREATMENT OF BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH 111
REFERENCES 112
Chapter 11 - Cell Signaling Analysis 114
?INTRODUCTION 114
?THE CELL CYCLE 114
?FLOW CYTOMETRY TO ASSESS CELL CYCLE STATUS 115
?CLINICAL APPLICATION 115
REFERENCES 116
Chapter 12 - Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate 117
?INTRODUCTION 117
?ERYTHROCYTE AGGREGATION 117
?PROCEDURES 118
?INTERPRETATION 118
REFERENCES 120
?SUMMARY 120
Chapter 13 - Fantus Test 121
?INTRODUCTION 121
?CLINICAL APPLICATION 121
?PROCEDURE 122
?INTERPRETATION 122
REFERENCES 123
Chapter 14 - Fatty Acid Profiling 124
?INTRODUCTION 124
?METHODOLOGIC ISSUES 124
?INTERPRETATION OF ABNORMAL FATTY ACID RESULTS 125
?SUMMARY 129
REFERENCES 130
Chapter 15 - Food Allergies 131
?INTRODUCTION 131
?IMMUNOLOGY OF FOOD ALLERGIES 132
?FOOD ALLERGY TESTING METHODS 133
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR FOOD ALLERGY TESTING 136
?CONCLUSIONS 136
REFERENCES 136
Chapter 16 - Genomics, Nutrigenomics, Nutrigenetics, and the Path of Personalized Medicine 140
?INTRODUCTION 140
?GENES AND ENVIRONMENT—NATURE AND NURTURE 140
?WHY DO POLYMORPHISMS EXIST? 141
?NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 141
?NATURE VERSUS NURTURE 142
?THE CLINICAL UTILITY OF NUTRIGENOMICS AND NUTRIGENETICS 143
?CLINICAL APPLICATION OF NUTRIGENETICS 144
?GENOMIC TESTING 146
?SUMMARY 147
REFERENCES 148
Chapter 17 - Hair Mineral Analysis 150
?INTRODUCTION 150
?SPECIFIC MINERALS 151
?DRUG ABUSE 152
?RATIOS 152
?DISCUSSION 152
REFERENCES 153
Chapter 18 - Heidelberg pH Capsule Gastric Analysis 157
?INTRODUCTION 157
?PHYSIOLOGY OF DIGESTION IN THE STOMACH 157
?PROCEDURE 158
?INTERPRETATION 158
?CLINICAL APPLICATION 158
?INDICATIONS 159
?CONCLUSION 159
REFERENCES 160
Chapter 19 - Immune Function Assessment 161
?ASSESSMENT OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM 161
?MEASUREMENT OF ANTIBODIES 161
?MEASUREMENT OF COMPLEMENT AND HIGH-SENSITIVITY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN 164
?MEASUREMENT OF CELLS 164
?CYTOKINES 166
?GENETICS 166
?CLINICAL SYMPTOMS 167
?SUMMARY 167
REFERENCES 168
Chapter 20 - Intestinal Permeability Assessment 169
?INTRODUCTION 169
?GUT MUCOSAL INTEGRITY: MECHANISMS OF DISRUPTION 169
?MEASURING INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY 172
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 173
?CONCLUSION 175
REFERENCES 176
Chapter 21 - Laboratory Tests for the Determination of Vitamin Status 179
?INTRODUCTION 179
?ASSESSMENT OF VITAMIN STATUS 179
?CONCLUSION 181
REFERENCES 182
Chapter 22 - Lactose Malabsorption Testing 184
?INTRODUCTION 184
?PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 185
?ADULT-TYPE (PRIMARY) LACTOSE DEFICIENCY 185
?ACQUIRED (SECONDARY) LACTASE DEFICIENCY 185
?CONGENITAL LACTASE DEFICIENCY 185
?LACTOSE INTOLERANCE VERSUS DAIRY ALLERGY 186
?DIAGNOSIS OF LACTOSE INTOLERANCE 186
?OTHER TYPES OF SUGAR INTOLERANCES 188
?SUMMARY 188
REFERENCES 188
Chapter 23 - Metal Toxicity: Assessment of Exposure and Retention 191
?INTRODUCTION 191
?ASSESSMENT OF TOXIC METAL EXPOSURE 192
?ASSESSMENT OF RETENTION: URINALYSIS, PROVOCATION TESTS 194
?FECAL METALS ANALYSIS 196
?CONCLUSION 196
REFERENCES 197
Chapter 24 - Mineral Status Evaluation 200
?INTRODUCTION 200
?MINERALS AND DISEASE 201
?ESSENTIAL MINERALS 201
?CONCLUSION 203
REFERENCES 204
Chapter 25 - Oral Manifestations of Nutritional Status 206
?INTRODUCTION 206
?THE HEALTHY MOUTH 206
?ABNORMALITIES OF THE ORAL MEMBRANES 206
REFERENCES 208
Chapter 26 - Rapid Dark Adaptation Test 209
?INTRODUCTION 209
?CLINICAL APPLICATION 209
?PROCEDURE 209
?INTERPRETATION 210
REFERENCES 210
Chapter 27 - Biomarkers for Stool Analysis 211
?INTRODUCTION 211
?OVERVIEW OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 211
?DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY 101 212
?ASSESSING GASTROINTESTINAL HEALTH: DIG 213
?DIGESTION/ABSORPTION 213
?IMMUNOLOGY/INFLAMMATION/INFECTIOUS PROCESSES 214
?GUT MICROFLORA BALANCE 215
?BIOMARKERS FOR GASTROINTESTINAL MICROFLORA BALANCE AND METABOLIC FUNCTION 216
?SUMMARY 218
REFERENCES 219
Chapter 28 - Urinary Organic Acids Profiling for Assessment of Functional Nutrient Deficiencies, Gut Dysbiosis, and Toxicity 224
?INTRODUCTION 224
?URINARY ORGANICS PROFILING 224
?FATTY ACID OXIDATION 224
?CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 227
?CENTRAL ENERGY PATHWAY INTERMEDIATES 227
?B-COMPLEX INSUFFICIENCY MARKERS 228
?INDICATORS OF A SPECIFIC VITAMIN DEFICIENCY 228
?NEUROTRANSMITTER METABOLISM 228
?INDICATORS OF DETOXIFICATION FUNCTION 229
?PRODUCTS OF GUT MICROFLORA 230
?SUMMARY 230
REFERENCES 231
Chapter 29 - Urinary Porphyrins for the Detection of Heavy Metal and Toxic Chemical Exposure 234
?INTRODUCTION 234
?DEFINITIONS 234
?PORPHYRIAS 236
?PORPHYRINOPATHIES 236
?CONCLUSION 237
REFERENCES 237
Chapter 30 - Urine Indican Test (Obermeyer Test) 238
?INTRODUCTION 238
?CLINICAL APPLICATION 238
?INTERPRETATION 239
?CONCLUSION 239
Section 3 - THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES 241
Chapter 31 - Acupuncture 242
?INTRODUCTION 242
?HISTORY 244
?FUNDAMENTALS OF ACUPUNCTURE 244
?ACUPUNCTURE SCOPE OF PRACTICE 245
?ACUPUNCTURE SAFETY 245
?EVIDENCE-BASED ACUPUNCTURE 246
REFERENCES 247
Chapter 32 - Ayurveda: The Science of Life and Mother of the Healing Arts 248
?INTRODUCTION 248
?HISTORY 248
?THE MAJOR SCHOOLS AND SPECIALTIES 248
?PHILOSOPHY 249
?PHYSIOLOGY 250
?HEALTH AND DISEASE 252
?MODES OF THERAPY 252
?RESEARCH 253
?AYURVEDIC AND MODERN MEDICINE 253
?SUMMARY 254
REFERENCES 254
Chapter 33 - Botanical Medicine—A Modern Perspective 255
?INTRODUCTION 255
?THE ROLE OF HERBS IN MODERN PHARMACY 255
?THE STUDY OF HERBAL MEDICINE 257
?FINAL COMMENTS 259
REFERENCES 260
Chapter 34 - Botanical Medicine—Understanding Herbal Preparations 261
?INTRODUCTION 261
?ANALYTIC METHODS 263
?QUALITY CONTROL IN HERBAL PRODUCTS 264
?FINAL COMMENTS 264
REFERENCES 265
Chapter 35 - Environmental Medicine 266
?ENVIRONMENTAL TOXIC LOAD 266
?HEALTH EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOXINS 267
?DIAGNOSTIC METHODS 272
?TREATMENT METHODS 272
?SUMMARY 275
REFERENCES 276
Chapter 36 - The Exercise Prescription 280
?INTRODUCTION 280
?EXERCISE IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT 280
?A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON MOVEMENT 281
?STANDARDS OF MOVEMENT 281
?NEW INSIGHTS ON EXERCISE FOR WEIGHT LOSS 282
?MUSCLE–BODY MESSENGERS AND INFLAMMATION 285
?TESTOSTERONE AND HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE 286
?EXERCISE APPROACHES TO INFLAMMATION 287
?EXERCISE AND THE HEART 288
?EXERCISE AND BONE 289
?EXERCISE AND CANCER 289
?EXERCISE FOR THE BRAIN AND MOOD 290
?EXERCISE AND ANXIETY 290
?EXERCISE AND MEMORY 290
?SUMMARY 290
REFERENCES 290
Chapter 37 - Fasting 296
?INTRODUCTION 296
?HISTORY 296
?PHYSIOLOGY 297
?RESEARCH 298
?APPLICATION 300
?LABORATORY VALUES 301
?CONTRAINDICATIONS 302
?SIDE EFFECTS 302
?CONCLUSION 303
REFERENCES 303
Chapter 38 - Glandular Therapy 306
?INTRODUCTION 306
?METHODS OF MANUFACTURE OF GLANDULAR PREPARATIONS 306
?SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY 307
?EVIDENCE FOR INTACT PROTEIN ABSORPTION 307
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 307
?SUMMARY 311
REFERENCES 312
Chapter 39 - Homeopathy 314
?INTRODUCTION 314
?HISTORY 314
?PHILOSOPHY 315
?THE CLINICAL APPLICATION OF HOMEOPATHIC PRINCIPLES 316
?RESEARCH IN HOMEOPATHY 320
?SUMMARY 322
REFERENCES 323
CHAPTER 40 - Hydrotherapy* 327
?HISTORY 327
?PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF WATER 328
?GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR HYDROTHERAPY 331
?HYDROTHERAPY TECHNIQUES 332
?SUMMARY 336
REFERENCES 336
Chapter 41 - Manipulation 338
?THERAPEUTIC KEYS 338
?HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 338
?SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT IN MANIPULATION 339
?IS MANUAL MEDICINE THE RIGHT TREATMENT? 340
?PRETREATMENT ASSESSMENT 342
?TREATMENT CONCEPTS 344
REFERENCES 345
FURTHER READING 346
Chapter 42 - Nonpharmacologic Control of Pain 347
?INTRODUCTION 347
?THE EXPERIENCE OF PAIN 347
?PAIN CONTROL 348
?SUMMARY 352
REFERENCES 352
Chapter 43 - Nontransfusion Significance of ABO and ABO-Associated Polymorphisms 355
?INTRODUCTION 355
?BACKGROUND 355
?PATHOLOGIC PROCESS AND ABO BLOOD GROUPS 360
?BLOOD GROUPS AND DIETARY LECTINS 363
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF ABO POLYMORPHISM 367
?SUMMARY 368
REFERENCES 368
Chapter 44 - Nutritional Medicine 374
?INTRODUCTION 374
?EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS IN HUMAN NUTRITION 374
?TRENDS IN U.S. FOOD CONSUMPTION 376
?THE GOVERNMENT AND NUTRITION EDUCATION 376
?THE OPTIMAL HEALTH FOOD PYRAMID 377
?NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTATION 382
?SUMMARY 383
REFERENCES 383
Chapter 45 - Peat Therapeutics and Balneotherapy 385
?INTRODUCTION 385
?BALNEOLOGY 385
?PEAT THERAPEUTICS 386
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 388
?CLINICAL PROCEDURES 389
?SUMMARY 392
REFERENCES 392
Chapter 46 - Rotation Diet: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tool 395
?INTRODUCTION 395
?THE ELIMINATION DIET 395
?THE DIVERSIFIED ROTATION DIET 397
REFERENCE 398
CHAPTER 47 - SOFT TISSUE MANIPULATION: AN OVERVIEW OF DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPIES* 399
?HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF SOFT TISSUE MANIPULATION: THE BIG PICTURE 400
?DEFINITION: FUNCTIONAL SOFT TISSUE 400
?SOFT TISSUE PATHOLOGIES 400
?SUMMARY 402
REFERENCES 402
Chapter 48 - Spirituality and Healing* 404
?INTRODUCTION 404
?THE CONCEPTUAL GROUND FOR THE EFFICACY OF SPIRIT IN HEALING 405
?THE HEALING EFFECTS OF PRAYER—EVIDENCE OF THE NONLOCAL ACTIVITY OF CONSCIOUSNESS 407
?SPECIFIC AREAS IN WHICH PRAYER AND RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY HAVE BEEN SHOWN EFFECTIVE IN HUMANS 407
?SPIRITUALITY—THE PROVINCE OF PHYSICIANS? 412
?IMPROVING HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS’ ABILITY TO INCLUDE SPIRITUALITY IN HEALTH CARE 413
?THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION: INTEGRATING SPIRITUALITY INTO MEDICAL PRACTICE 413
?EFFECTIVE PRAYER 414
?SIDE EFFECTS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS 414
?ILLNESS, THE GIFT OF SPIRITUAL HEALING 414
?THE EXPERIENCE OF SPIRIT 414
?SUMMARY 415
REFERENCES 416
Chapter 49 - Unani Medicine 419
?INTRODUCTION 419
?HISTORY 420
?UNANI MEDICAL THEORY IN PRINCIPLE 424
?UNANI MEDICAL THEORY IN PRACTICE 429
?SUMMARY 433
REFERENCES 436
Section 4 - SYNDROMES AND SPECIAL TOPICS 439
Chapter 50 - Cancer—Integrated Naturopathic Support 440
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 440
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 440
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 443
?SURGERY 445
?RADIATION 454
?ANTIOXIDANTS DURING CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIATION 455
?DRUG–NUTRIENT INTERACTIONS 456
?DIET FOR CANCER PATIENTS 456
?SECONDARY PREVENTION 456
?SUMMARY 457
REFERENCES 458
Chapter 51 - Chronic Candidiasis 462
?INTRODUCTION 462
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 462
?DIAGNOSIS 463
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 463
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 467
REFERENCES 468
Chapter 52 - Dietary Fiber 469
?INTRODUCTION 469
?FIBER 469
?MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF DIETARY FIBER 470
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 472
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 472
REFERENCES 473
Chapter 53 - Functional Toxicology 475
?INTRODUCTION 475
?COMMON TOXINS THAT AFFECT HUMAN HEALTH 475
?MECHANISMS OF TOXIC INJURY 478
?BIOCHEMICAL INDIVIDUALITY AND TOXIC RESPONSE 479
?ASSESSING THE TOXICOLOGICALLY IMPAIRED PATIENT 481
?DETOXIFICATION 482
REFERENCES 484
Chapter 54 - Homocysteine Metabolism: Nutritional Modulation and Impact on Health and Disease 488
?INTRODUCTION 488
?HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM 488
?RENAL FUNCTION 493
?IMPACT OF HOMOCYSTEINE ON KEY NUTRIENTS 493
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 496
?DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS 500
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 500
REFERENCES 501
Chapter 55 - Hyperventilation Syndrome/Breathing Pattern Disorders 505
?INTRODUCTION 505
?DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS 508
?SUMMARY 514
REFERENCES 514
Chapter 56 - Immune Support 516
?INTRODUCTION 516
?THE IMMUNE SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW 516
?PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY 516
?LIFESTYLE 517
?NUTRITIONAL FACTORS 517
?ENHANCING THYMUS FUNCTION 520
?BOTANICALS 521
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 521
REFERENCES 522
Chapter 57 - Intestinal Protozoan Infestation and Systemic Illness 524
?INTRODUCTION 524
?PROTOZOA 524
?DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS 525
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 525
?CONCLUSION 525
REFERENCES 526
Chapter 58 - Maldigestion 528
?INTRODUCTION 528
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 528
REFERENCES 530
Chapter 59 - Sports Nutrition 532
?NUTRITION AND PERFORMANCE 532
?ASSESSMENT 535
?CRITICAL EVALUATION OF ERGOGENIC AIDS 536
?GENERAL HEALTH CONCERNS FOR ATHLETES 536
?NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS 536
REFERENCES 542
Chapter 60 - Stress Management 547
?INTRODUCTION 547
?THE GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME 547
?STRESS: A HEALTHY VIEW 548
?DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS 548
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 548
?NUTRITIONAL AND BOTANICAL SUPPORT 552
REFERENCES 553
Section 5 - PHARMACOLOGY OF NATURAL MEDICINES 555
Chapter 61 - Alkylglycerols 558
?INTRODUCTION 558
?HISTORY 558
?BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 559
?IMMUNOLOGIC ASPECTS OF ALKYLGLYCEROLS 560
?CLINICAL USES OF ALKYLGLYCEROLS 560
?INDICATIONS AND DOSAGE 562
?TOXICOLOGY OF THE ALKYLGLYCEROLS 562
?CONCLUSIONS 563
REFERENCES 563
Chapter 62 - Allium cepa (Onion) 565
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 565
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 565
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 565
?PHARMACOLOGY 566
?CLINICAL APPLICATION AND DOSAGE 567
?TOXICOLOGY 567
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 567
REFERENCES 567
Chapter 63 - Allium sativum (Garlic) 569
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 569
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 569
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 569
?PHARMACOLOGY 570
?COMMERCIAL PREPARATIONS 571
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 572
?DOSAGE 573
?TOXICITY 573
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 574
REFERENCES 574
Chapter 64 - Aloe vera (Cape Aloe) 577
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 577
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 577
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 578
?PHARMACOLOGY 579
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 580
?DOSAGE 584
?TOXICOLOGY 584
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 584
REFERENCES 584
Chapter 65 - Angelica Species 587
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 587
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 587
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 588
?PHARMACOLOGY 588
?CLINICAL APPLICATION 589
?DOSAGE 589
?TOXICOLOGY 589
REFERENCES 590
Chapter 66 - Artemisia absinthium (Wormwood) 591
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 591
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 591
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 591
?PHARMACOLOGY 592
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 593
?DOSAGE 593
?TOXICITY 593
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 593
REFERENCES 593
Chapter 67 - Artemisia annua (Sweet Wormwood) 595
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 595
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 595
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 595
?PHARMACOLOGY 595
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 596
?DOSAGE 597
?TOXICITY 597
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 597
REFERENCES 597
Chapter 68 - Bee Products—Pollen, Propolis, and Royal Jelly 599
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 599
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 599
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 599
?PHARMACOLOGY AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 599
?DOSAGE 600
?TOXICITY 600
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 600
REFERENCES 601
Chapter 69 - Beta-Carotene and Other Carotenoids 602
?INTRODUCTION 602
?DIETARY SOURCES 602
?METABOLISM 603
?PHYSIOLOGIC ROLES 604
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 605
?DOSAGE 608
?TOXICITY 608
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 608
REFERENCES 609
CHAPTER 70 - Boron* 611
?SOURCES 611
?METABOLISM 612
?DEFICIENCY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 613
?NUTRIENT INTERACTIONS 614
?HORMONE INTERACTIONS 615
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 615
?DOSAGE 616
?TOXICOLOGY 616
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 617
?SUMMARY 617
REFERENCES 617
Chapter 71 - Bromelain* 620
?INTRODUCTION 620
?BROMELAIN SUPPLEMENTS 620
?ENTERAL ABSORPTION (OR RESORPTION) 621
?FACTORS AFFECTING BROMELAIN ACTIVITY 621
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 621
?DOSAGE 624
?SIDE EFFECTS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS 624
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 624
?CONCLUSION 624
REFERENCES 625
FURTHER READING 626
Chapter 72 - Camellia sinensis (Green Tea) 627
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 627
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 627
?PHARMACOLOGY 628
?CLINICAL APPLICATION 629
?PHOTOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS 631
?ORAL CAVITY DISEASES 631
?DOSAGE 631
?TOXICITY 631
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 631
REFERENCES 631
Chapter 73 - Capsicum frutescens (Cayenne Pepper) 633
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 633
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 633
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 633
?PHARMACOLOGY 633
?DOSAGE 635
?TOXICITY 636
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 636
REFERENCES 636
Chapter 74 - Carnitine 638
?INTRODUCTION 638
?BIOSYNTHESIS 638
?METABOLISM 638
?PHYSIOLOGIC FUNCTIONS 639
?DEFICIENCY 639
?CARNITINE AS A NUTRIENT 640
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 640
?DOSAGE 645
?TOXICOLOGY 645
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 645
REFERENCES 645
Chapter 75 - Centella asiatica (Gotu Kola) 649
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 649
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 649
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 649
?PHARMACOLOGY 650
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 650
?DOSAGE 652
?TOXICOLOGY 652
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 652
REFERENCES 653
Chapter 76 - Chinese Prepared Medicines 655
?INTRODUCTION 655
?GLOBAL MARKET 656
?FORMULATIONS AND PREPARATIONS 656
?DISPENSARY GUIDE 658
REFERENCES 658
Chapter 77 - Cimicifuga racemosa (Black Cohosh) 660
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 660
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 660
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 660
?PHARMACOLOGY 660
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 661
?DOSAGE 663
?TOXICOLOGY 663
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 663
REFERENCES 663
Chapter 78 - Citicoline (CDP-Choline) 665
?INTRODUCTION 665
?BIOAVAILABILITY/PHARMACOKINETICS 665
?MECHANISM OF ACTION 667
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 667
?EYE HEALTH AND VISUAL FUNCTION 670
?EMERGING CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 671
?SAFETY AND DOSING 672
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 672
?CONCLUSIONS 672
REFERENCES 673
Chapter 79 - Coenzyme Q10 675
?INTRODUCTION 675
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 677
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 681
REFERENCES 682
Chapter 80 - Coleus forskohlii 685
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 685
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 685
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 685
?PHARMACOLOGY 685
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 686
?OTHER CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 687
?DOSAGE 688
?TOXICOLOGY 688
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 688
REFERENCES 688
Chapter 81 - Commiphora mukul (Mukul Myrrh Tree) 690
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 690
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 690
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 690
?PHARMACOLOGY 691
?DOSAGE 692
?TOXICOLOGY 692
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 692
REFERENCES 692
Chapter 82 - Crataegus oxyacantha (Hawthorn) 694
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 694
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 694
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 694
?PHARMACOLOGY 694
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 695
?DOSAGE 696
?TOXICOLOGY 696
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 696
REFERENCES 697
Chapter 83 - Croton lechleri (Dragon’s Blood) 698
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 698
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 698
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 698
?PHARMACOLOGY 698
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 699
REFERENCES 700
Chapter 84 - Curcuma longa (Turmeric) 702
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 702
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 702
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 702
?PHARMACOLOGY 702
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 705
?DOSAGE 706
?TOXICOLOGY 706
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 706
REFERENCES 707
Chapter 85 - Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) 709
?INTRODUCTION 709
?DHEA BIOCHEMISTRY 709
?DHEA IMMUNOLOGY 710
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 711
?DOSAGE 714
?TOXICITY 714
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 714
?SUMMARY 714
REFERENCES 714
Chapter 86 - Echinacea Species (Narrow-Leafed Purple Coneflower) 718
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 718
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 718
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 720
?PHARMACOLOGY 720
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 722
?COMMERCIAL PREPARATIONS 724
?DOSAGE 724
?TOXICOLOGY 724
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 725
REFERENCES 725
Chapter 87 - Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian Ginseng) 727
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 727
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 727
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 727
?PHARMACOLOGY 728
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 729
?DOSAGE 730
?TOXICOLOGY 730
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 730
REFERENCES 730
Chapter 88 - Ephedra Species* 731
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 731
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 731
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 731
?PHARMACOLOGY 732
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 732
?DOSAGE 733
?TOXICOLOGY 733
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 733
REFERENCES 734
Chapter 89 - Epilobium Species (Fireweed) 735
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 735
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 735
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 735
?PHARMACOLOGY 736
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 736
?DOSAGE 736
?TOXICOLOGY 736
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 736
REFERENCES 737
Chapter 90 - Fatty Acid Metabolism 738
?FATTY ACID STRUCTURE AND METABOLISM 738
?CONTROL OF FATTY ACID SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION 742
?FATTY ACIDS AND HUMAN DISEASES 742
REFERENCES 744
Chapter 91 - Fish Oils (Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Docosahexaenoic Acid, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Dietary Fish, and Fish Oils) 745
?INTRODUCTION 745
?DESCRIPTION 746
?PHARMACOLOGY 748
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 749
?TOXICITY AND TOXIN CONTAMINATION 760
?DOSAGE 762
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 762
?CONCLUSION 762
REFERENCES 763
Chapter 92 - Flavonoids—Quercetin, Citrus Flavonoids, and Hydroxyethylrutosides 772
?INTRODUCTION 772
?HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 772
?CHEMICAL DESCRIPTIONS 772
?PHARMACOLOGY 773
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 775
?COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE FORMS 777
?DOSAGES 777
?TOXICITY 777
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 777
REFERENCES 778
Chapter 93 - Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo Tree) 780
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 780
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 780
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 780
?PHARMACOLOGY 781
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 783
?DOSAGE 787
?TOXICITY 787
REFERENCES 787
Chapter 94 - Glucosamine 790
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 790
?AVAILABLE FORMS 790
?GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE VERSUS N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE 790
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 791
?DOSAGE 794
?SIDE EFFECTS AND TOXICITY 794
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 794
REFERENCES 794
Chapter 95 - Glutamine 796
?INTRODUCTION 796
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 797
?DOSAGE 801
?TOXICITY 801
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 801
REFERENCES 801
Chapter 96 - Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) 804
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 804
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 804
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 804
?PHARMACOLOGY 804
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 806
?DEGLYCYRRHIZINATED LICORICE 806
?ORAL LICORICE PREPARATIONS CONTAINING GLYCYRRHIZIN 807
?LICORICE FLAVONOID OIL 808
?TOPICAL APPLICATIONS 808
?DOSAGE 809
?TOXICOLOGY 809
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 809
REFERENCES 810
Chapter 97 - Hydrastis canadensis (Goldenseal) and Other Berberine-Containing Botanicals 813
?INTRODUCTION 813
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 813
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 813
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 814
?PHARMACOLOGY 814
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 816
?DOSAGE 817
?TOXICITY 818
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 818
REFERENCES 818
Chapter 98 - 5-Hydroxytryptophan 820
?INTRODUCTION 820
?TRYPTOPHAN AND 5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM 820
?PHARMACOLOGY 820
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 821
?DOSAGE 829
?TOXICOLOGY 829
REFERENCES 830
Chapter 99 - Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort) 833
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 833
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 833
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 834
?PHARMACOLOGY 834
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 836
?DOSAGE 838
?TOXICITY 838
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 839
REFERENCES 839
Chapter 100 - Lobelia inflata (Indian Tobacco) 842
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 842
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 842
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 842
?PHARMACOLOGY 842
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 843
?DOSAGE 843
?TOXICOLOGY 843
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 843
REFERENCES 843
Chapter 101 - Medicinal Mushrooms 844
?INTRODUCTION 844
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 844
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 844
?INDIVIDUAL MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS 846
?TOXICOLOGY 847
?DOSAGE 847
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 847
?SUMMARY 847
REFERENCES 847
Chapter 102 - Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) 852
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 852
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 852
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 852
?PHARMACOLOGY 853
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 853
?DOSAGE 855
?TOXICITY 855
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 855
REFERENCES 855
Chapter 103 - Melatonin 857
?INTRODUCTION 857
?PHARMACOKINETICS 857
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 857
?DOSAGE 864
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 864
REFERENCES 865
Chapter 104 - Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm) 868
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 868
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 868
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 868
?PHARMACOLOGY 868
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 869
?DOSAGE 869
?TOXICOLOGY 870
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 870
REFERENCES 870
Chapter 105 - Mentha piperita (Peppermint) 872
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 872
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 872
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 872
?PHARMACOLOGY 872
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 873
?DOSAGE 874
?TOXICOLOGY 874
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 874
REFERENCES 874
Chapter 106 - Microbial Enzyme Therapy: Clinical Applications of Fungal Enzymes 876
?INTRODUCTION 876
?DIGESTIVE ENZYME DEFICIENCIES 876
?ACID-STABLE FUNGAL ENZYMES 877
?TREATMENT OF LACTOSE INTOLERANCE 878
?IMPROVING NUTRIENT ABSORPTION 878
?TREATMENT OF VASCULAR DISEASE 878
?PHARMACOLOGY OF FUNGAL PROTEASE 878
?FOOD ALLERGIES 879
?SUMMARY 879
REFERENCES 880
Chapter 107 - Natural Product Quality Control 882
?BACKGROUND 882
?STATE OF THE INDUSTRY 883
?THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION 883
?THE IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY CONTROL 884
?CONTAMINANT TESTING 885
?FINISHED PRODUCT EXPIRATION DATE AND STABILITY TESTING 886
?ASSESSING QUALITY VIA COMPREHENSIVE TESTING 887
?SUPPLIER CERTIFICATION AND SKIP LOT TESTING 887
?LABORATORY TESTING AND LABORATORY QUALITY 887
?ECONOMICALLY MOTIVATED ADULTERATION 888
?RESIDUAL CHEMICAL SOLVENTS IN DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 888
?THE BUYING DECISION 889
?DIETARY SUPPLEMENT PRICING AND QUALITY 889
?CURRENT GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE CERTIFIED PROGRAMS 889
REFERENCES 890
Chapter 108 - Naturally Occurring Antioxidants 891
?FREE RADICALS AND NONRADICAL OXIDANTS 891
?ANTIOXIDANTS 894
?THERAPEUTIC USE OF ANTIOXIDANTS 902
?FUTURE DIRECTIONS 905
REFERENCES 905
Chapter 109 - Opuntia Species (Prickly Pear) 915
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 915
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 915
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 915
?PHARMACOLOGY 916
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 916
?DOSAGE 917
?TOXICOLOGY 917
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 917
REFERENCES 917
Chapter 110 - Panax ginseng (Korean Ginseng) 919
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 919
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 919
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 920
?PHARMACOLOGY AND CLINICAL INDICATIONS 920
?TOXICOLOGY 925
?DOSAGE 925
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 926
REFERENCES 926
Chapter 111 - Pancreatic Enzymes 930
?INTRODUCTION 930
?HISTORY 930
?PANCREATIC ENZYME SUPPLEMENTS 931
?ABSORPTION OF PROTEINS 931
?FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME ACTIVITY 932
?MEASURING ENZYME ACTIVITY 933
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 933
?DOSAGE 937
?TOXICOLOGY 937
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 939
?CONCLUSION 939
REFERENCES 939
Chapter 112 - Phage Therapy: Bacteriophages as Natural, Self-limiting Antibiotics 945
?INTRODUCTION 945
?HISTORICAL CONTEXT 945
?PROPERTIES OF BACTERIOPHAGES 947
?PHAGE INTERACTIONS IN THE BODY 949
?CLINICAL APPLICATION 950
?TOXICOLOGY 953
?DOSING STRATEGY 954
?CONCLUSION 954
?ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 954
REFERENCES 955
Chapter 113 - Phosphatidylserine 957
?INTRODUCTION 957
?PHYSIOLOGIC ROLES 957
?PHARMACOLOGY 958
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 958
?DOSAGE 958
?TOXICOLOGY AND DRUG INTERACTIONS 958
REFERENCES 959
Chapter 114 - Piper methysticum (Kava) 960
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 960
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 960
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 960
?PHARMACOLOGY 962
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 962
?DOSAGE 963
?SIDE EFFECTS AND TOXICOLOGY 963
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 964
REFERENCES 964
Chapter 115 - Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Colonic Foods 966
?INTRODUCTION 966
?FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES 966
?GALACTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES 970
?LACTULOSE 971
?SYNBIOTICS 974
?COLONIC FOODS 974
REFERENCES 975
Chapter 116 - Probiotics 979
?INTRODUCTION 979
?DESCRIPTION 979
?PROPOSED MECHANISMS OF ACTION 980
?PROBIOTIC CHARACTERISTICS 980
?COMMERCIAL FORMS 982
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 983
?USING THE RIGHT STRAIN 983
?DOSAGE 983
?TOXICITY 989
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 989
REFERENCES 990
Chapter 117 - Procyanidolic Oligomers 995
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 995
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 995
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 995
?PHARMACOLOGY 995
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 997
?DOSAGE 999
?TOXICITY 999
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 999
REFERENCES 999
Chapter 118 - Pygeum africanum (Bitter Almond) 1001
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1001
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 1001
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 1001
?PHARMACOLOGY 1001
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1002
?DOSAGE 1004
?TOXICOLOGY 1004
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 1004
REFERENCES 1004
Chapter 119 - Ruscus aculeatus (Butcher’s Broom) 1006
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1006
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 1006
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 1006
?PHARMACOLOGY 1006
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1007
?DOSAGE 1010
?TOXICOLOGY 1010
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 1010
REFERENCES 1010
Chapter 120 - SAMe (S-Adenosylmethionine) 1012
?INTRODUCTION 1012
?PHARMACOLOGY 1012
?CLINICAL INDICATIONS 1012
?DOSAGE 1015
?TOXICOLOGY 1015
?INTERACTIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS 1015
REFERENCES 1016
Chapter 121 - Sarsaparilla Species 1018
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1018
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 1018
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 1018
?PHARMACOLOGY 1019
?CLINICAL APPLICATION 1019
?DOSAGE 1019
?TOXICOLOGY 1019
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 1019
REFERENCES 1020
Chapter 122 - Serenoa repens (Saw Palmetto) 1021
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1021
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 1021
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 1021
?PHARMACOLOGY 1021
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1022
?TOXICOLOGY 1024
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 1024
REFERENCES 1024
Chapter 123 - Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle) 1026
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1026
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 1026
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 1026
?PHARMACOLOGY 1026
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1028
?DOSAGE 1029
?TOXICITY 1029
REFERENCES 1030
Chapter 124 - Soy Isoflavones and Other Constituents 1032
?INTRODUCTION 1032
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOY 1032
?PHARMACOLOGY 1036
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1037
?DRUG-NUTRIENT INTERACTIONS 1041
?CONCLUSION 1041
REFERENCES 1041
Chapter 125 - Tabebuia avellanedae (syn. T. impetiginosa, Lapacho, Pau D’Arco, Ipe Roxo) 1045
?INTRODUCTION 1045
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1045
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 1045
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 1045
?PHARMACOLOGY 1046
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1049
?DOSAGE 1049
?TOXICOLOGY 1049
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 1049
REFERENCES 1049
Chapter 126 - Tanacetum parthenium (Feverfew) 1052
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1052
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 1052
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 1052
?PHARMACOLOGY 1052
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1052
?MIGRAINE HEADACHE 1053
?RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS 1053
?DOSAGE 1053
?TOXICITY 1053
REFERENCES 1053
Chapter 127 - Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) 1055
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1055
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 1055
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 1056
?PHARMACOLOGY 1056
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1057
?DOSAGE 1057
?TOXICITY 1057
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 1057
REFERENCES 1058
Chapter 128 - Taxus brevifolia (Pacific Yew) 1059
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1059
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 1059
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 1060
?PHARMACOLOGY 1060
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1060
?TOXICITY 1060
REFERENCES 1061
Chapter 129 - Urtica dioica (Stinging Nettle) 1063
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1063
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 1063
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 1063
?PHARMACOLOGY 1063
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1064
?DOSAGE 1066
?TOXICITY 1066
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 1066
REFERENCES 1066
Chapter 130 - Uva ursi (Bearberry) 1068
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1068
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 1068
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 1068
?PHARMACOLOGY 1068
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1069
?DOSAGES 1069
?TOXICOLOGY 1069
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 1069
REFERENCES 1069
Chapter 131 - Vaccinium macrocarpon (American Cranberry) 1071
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1071
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 1071
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 1071
?PHARMACOLOGY 1072
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1072
REFERENCES 1076
Chapter 132 - Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) 1080
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1080
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 1080
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 1080
?PHARMACOLOGY 1081
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1082
?DOSAGE 1083
?TOXICOLOGY 1083
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 1083
?SUMMARY 1083
REFERENCES 1084
Chapter 133 - Valeriana officinalis (Valerian) 1086
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1086
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 1086
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 1086
?PHARMACOLOGY 1086
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1087
?DOSAGE 1088
?TOXICITY 1088
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 1088
REFERENCES 1089
Chapter 134 - Viscum album (European Mistletoe) 1090
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1090
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 1090
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 1090
?PHARMACOLOGY 1091
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1092
?DOSAGE 1092
?TOXICITY 1093
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 1093
REFERENCES 1093
Chapter 135 - Vitamin A 1095
?INTRODUCTION 1095
?DEFICIENCY 1096
?METABOLISM 1097
?PHYSIOLOGIC ROLES OF VITAMIN A 1098
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1098
?DOSAGE 1100
?TOXICITY 1100
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 1100
REFERENCES 1101
Chapter 136 - Vitamin K 1102
?INTRODUCTION 1102
?FORMS, SOURCES, ABSORPTION, AND METABOLISM 1102
?INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER VITAMINS 1117
?VITAMIN K STATUS BIOMARKERS 1118
?SUMMARY 1123
REFERENCES 1123
Chapter 137 - Vitamin Toxicities and Therapeutic Monitoring 1128
?INTRODUCTION 1128
?VITAMIN TOXICITY 1128
?LABORATORY TESTS FOR VITAMIN TOXICITY 1132
REFERENCES 1133
Chapter 138 - Vitex agnus castus (Chaste Tree) 1135
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1135
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 1135
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 1135
?PHARMACOLOGY 1135
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1136
?DOSAGE 1138
?TOXICOLOGY 1138
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 1138
REFERENCES 1138
Chapter 139 - Water: The Most Basic Nutrient and Therapeutic Agent 1140
?WATER AND THE HUMAN BODY 1140
?THIRST: THE SENSE THAT CANNOT BE TRUSTED 1141
?PURE WATER VERSUS OTHER BEVERAGES 1142
?WATER TEMPERATURE 1142
?SPECIAL NEEDS 1142
?PHYSIOLOGY OF WATER METABOLISM 1142
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1143
?COMMON CONDITIONS IMPROVED BY WATER 1144
REFERENCES 1145
Chapter 140 - Zingiber officinale (Ginger) 1147
?GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1147
?CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 1147
?HISTORY AND FOLK USE 1147
?PHARMACOLOGY 1148
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1149
?DOSAGE 1151
?TOXICOLOGY 1151
?DRUG INTERACTIONS 1152
REFERENCES 1152
Section 6 - SPECIFIC HEALTH PROBLEMS 1155
Chapter 141 - Acne Vulgaris and Acne Conglobata 1157
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1157
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1157
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1158
?NUTRIENTS 1158
?TOPICAL TREATMENTS 1159
?PROCEDURAL TREATMENTS 1159
?OTHER CONSIDERATIONS 1159
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1160
REFERENCES 1160
Chapter 142 - Affective Disorders 1162
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1162
?INTRODUCTION 1163
?DEPRESSION 1163
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1164
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1174
?BIPOLAR DISORDER 1175
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1175
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1176
?SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER 1176
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1176
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1177
REFERENCES 1177
Chapter 143 - Alcohol Dependence 1181
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1181
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1181
?INTOXICATION AND WITHDRAWAL 1182
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1183
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1186
REFERENCES 1187
Chapter 144 - Alzheimer’s Disease 1189
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1189
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1189
?DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1190
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1191
?NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS 1192
?OTHER THERAPIES 1195
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1196
REFERENCES 1197
Chapter 145 - Angina 1200
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1200
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1200
?DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1200
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1200
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1203
REFERENCES 1204
Chapter 146 - Aphthous Stomatitis 1206
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1206
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1206
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1206
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1208
REFERENCES 1208
Chapter 147 - Asthma 1210
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1210
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1210
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1213
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1219
REFERENCES 1220
Chapter 148 - Atherosclerosis 1225
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1225
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1225
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS—LOWERING CHOLESTEROL 1232
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1241
REFERENCES 1242
Chapter 149 - Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) 1246
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1246
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1246
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1247
?ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 1249
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1249
REFERENCES 1250
Chapter 150 - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 1252
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1252
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1252
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1253
?ENVIRONMENTAL NEUROTOXINS 1253
?IMMUNE SYSTEM IMPAIRMENT 1255
?COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPIES 1255
?NEUROFEEDBACK 1256
?BOTANICAL MEDICINES 1256
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1256
REFERENCES 1257
Chapter 151 - Bacterial Sinusitis 1260
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1260
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1260
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1260
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1261
REFERENCES* 1262
Chapter 152 - Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 1263
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1263
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1263
?DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1264
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1264
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1268
REFERENCES 1268
Chapter 153 - Bronchitis and Pneumonia 1271
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1271
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY: BRONCHITIS 1271
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY: PNEUMONIA 1271
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1273
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1275
REFERENCES 1276
Chapter 154 - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 1277
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1277
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1277
?DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1278
?DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1278
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1278
REFERENCES 1280
Chapter 155 - Celiac Disease 1281
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1281
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1281
?CLINICAL ASPECTS 1282
?DIAGNOSIS 1283
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1283
?SUPPLEMENTS 1283
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1283
?RESOURCES FOR PATIENTS 1283
REFERENCES 1284
Chapter 156 - Cervical Dysplasia 1285
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1285
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1285
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1287
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1289
REFERENCES 1291
Chapter 157 - Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1293
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1293
?INTRODUCTION 1293
?ETIOLOGY 1294
?DIAGNOSIS 1295
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1295
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1300
REFERENCES 1300
Chapter 158 - Congestive Heart Failure 1303
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1303
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1303
?DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1303
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1304
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1306
REFERENCES 1307
Chapter 159 - Cystitis and Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome 1308
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1308
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1308
?DIAGNOSIS 1308
?COEXISTING CONDITIONS AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1310
?TREATMENT 1311
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1314
REFERENCES 1315
Chapter 160 - Dermatitis Herpetiformis 1318
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1318
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1318
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1318
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1319
REFERENCES 1319
Chapter 161 - Diabetes Mellitus 1320
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1320
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1320
?DIAGNOSING DIABETES 1321
?RISK FACTORS FOR TYPE 1 DIABETES 1322
?RISK FACTORS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES 1324
?CLINICAL MONITORING OF DIABETES 1327
?THE COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES 1330
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1333
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1342
REFERENCES 1343
Chapter 162 - Endometriosis 1349
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1349
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1349
?DIAGNOSIS 1350
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1350
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1353
REFERENCES 1353
Chapter 163 - Epilepsy 1355
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1355
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1355
?DIAGNOSIS 1356
?PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1356
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1357
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1363
REFERENCES 1364
Chapter 164 - Erythema Multiforme 1367
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1367
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1367
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1367
REFERENCES 1368
Chapter 165 - Fibrocystic Breast Disease 1369
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1369
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1369
?DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1370
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1370
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1372
REFERENCES 1372
Chapter 166 - Fibromyalgia Syndrome 1374
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1374
?DIAGNOSIS 1374
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1375
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1377
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1382
REFERENCES 1383
Chapter 167 - Gallstones 1388
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1388
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1388
?PATHOGENESIS 1388
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1390
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1393
REFERENCES 1393
Chapter 168 - Glaucoma: Acute (Angle Closure) and Chronic (Open Angle) 1395
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1395
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1395
?DIAGNOSIS 1396
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1396
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1398
REFERENCES 1398
Chapter 169 - Gout 1400
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1400
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1400
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1402
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1404
REFERENCES 1404
Chapter 170 - Hair Loss in Women 1406
?INTRODUCTION 1406
?BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HAIR CYCLE 1406
?DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 1406
?CONCLUSION 1408
REFERENCES 1408
Chapter 171 - Hepatitis 1409
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1409
?DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1410
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1410
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1415
REFERENCES 1416
Chapter 172 - Herpes Simplex 1419
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1419
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1419
?DIAGNOSIS 1420
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1420
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1421
REFERENCES 1422
Chapter 173 - HIV/AIDS: Naturopathic Medical Principles and Practice 1423
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1423
?INTRODUCTION 1423
?BIOLOGY OF HIV 1424
?TRANSMISSION 1424
?THE IMMUNE SYSTEM’S RESPONSE 1424
?CLINICAL PROGRESSION TO AIDS 1425
?DIAGNOSIS AND WORK UP 1426
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1427
?THERAPEUTIC SUMMARY 1438
REFERENCES 1438
Chapter 174 - Hypertension 1447
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1447
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1447
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1449
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1455
REFERENCES 1455
Chapter 175 - Hyperthyroidism 1458
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1458
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1458
?DIAGNOSIS 1459
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1460
?TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM 1460
?NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS 1461
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1462
REFERENCES 1463
Chapter 176 - Hypoglycemia 1464
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1464
?INTRODUCTION 1464
?DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1465
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1466
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1468
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1471
REFERENCES 1471
Chapter 177 - Hypothyroidism 1473
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1473
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1473
?DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1475
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1476
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1478
REFERENCES 1479
Chapter 178 - Infectious Diarrhea 1481
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1481
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1481
?INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND SYMPTOMS 1481
?LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS 1483
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1483
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1488
REFERENCES 1489
Chapter 179 - Infertility, Female 1491
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1491
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1491
?DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1492
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1496
?NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS 1502
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1509
REFERENCES 1510
Chapter 180 - Infertility, Male 1515
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1515
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1515
?SPERMATOGENESIS 1516
?DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1516
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1520
?NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS 1524
?NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS 1525
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1530
REFERENCES 1531
Chapter 181 - Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis) 1535
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1535
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1535
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1537
?THERAPEUTIC MONITORING AND EVALUATION 1545
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1547
REFERENCES 1549
Chapter 182 - Insomnia 1552
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1552
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1552
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1553
REFERENCES 1556
Chapter 183 - Irritable Bowel Syndrome 1557
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1557
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1557
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1558
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1562
REFERENCES 1562
Chapter 184 - Kidney Stones (Renal Calculi, Nephrolithiasis) 1564
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1564
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1564
?DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1564
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1565
?DIET 1566
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1570
REFERENCES 1571
Chapter 185 - Leukoplakia 1574
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1574
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1574
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1574
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1575
REFERENCES 1575
Chapter 186 - Lichen Planus 1577
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1577
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1577
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1578
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1579
REFERENCES 1579
Chapter 187 - Macular Degeneration 1581
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1581
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1581
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1582
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1583
REFERENCES 1584
Chapter 188 - Menopause 1586
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1586
?INTRODUCTION 1586
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1587
?TREATMENT OVERVIEW 1594
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1604
REFERENCES 1604
Chapter 189 - Menorrhagia 1609
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1609
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1609
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1610
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1612
REFERENCES 1613
Chapter 190 - Migraine Headache 1614
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1614
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1614
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1616
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1622
REFERENCES 1623
Chapter 191 - Multiple Sclerosis 1628
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1628
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1628
?DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1630
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1631
?OTHER CONSIDERATIONS 1634
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1634
REFERENCES 1635
Chapter 192 - Obesity 1638
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1638
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1638
?PREVALENCE 1638
?DETERMINATION OF BODY COMPOSITION 1639
?TYPES OF OBESITY 1640
?CAUSES OF OBESITY 1640
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1643
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1648
REFERENCES 1648
Chapter 193 - Osteoarthritis 1651
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1651
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1651
?DIAGNOSIS 1652
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1652
?GENERAL DIETARY GUIDELINES 1654
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1658
REFERENCES 1659
Chapter 194 - Osteoporosis 1662
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1662
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1662
?PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1663
?RISK FACTORS 1663
?DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1664
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1665
?LIFESTYLE FACTORS 1667
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1672
REFERENCES 1673
Chapter 195 - Otitis Media 1678
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1678
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1678
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1680
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1682
REFERENCES 1683
Chapter 196 - Parkinson’s Disease 1685
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1685
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1686
?DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1688
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1688
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1691
?CONCLUSION 1692
REFERENCES 1692
Chapter 197 - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 1695
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1695
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1695
?DIAGNOSIS 1697
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1698
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1701
REFERENCES 1701
Chapter 198 - Peptic Ulcer—Duodenal and Gastric 1703
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1703
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1703
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1704
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1706
REFERENCES 1707
Chapter 199 - Periodontal Disease 1709
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1709
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1709
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1711
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1713
REFERENCES 1713
Chapter 200 - Porphyrias 1716
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1716
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1716
?BIOCHEMISTRY OF PORPHYRIA 1717
?MANIFESTATION OF PORPHYRIA 1717
?LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF PORPHYRIA 1719
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1719
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1721
REFERENCES 1721
Chapter 201 - Pregnancy Health and Primary Prevention of Adult Disease 1723
?INTRODUCTION 1723
?LIFESTYLE FACTORS 1724
?GENERAL SUPPLEMENTATION 1729
?CONCLUSION 1734
?ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1734
REFERENCES 1734
Chapter 202 - Premenstrual Syndrome 1740
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1740
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1740
?DIAGNOSIS AND CLASSIFICATION 1741
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1741
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1747
REFERENCES 1747
Chapter 203 - Proctologic Conditions 1750
?ANORECTAL ANATOMY 1750
?ANAL DISEASES 1750
?HEMORRHOIDS 1752
?EXTERNAL HEMORRHOIDS 1755
?PERIANAL DERMATOLOGIC DISORDERS 1755
?TREATMENT OPTIONS 1757
?TREATMENT SUMMARY FOR HEMORRHOIDS 1758
REFERENCES 1758
Chapter 204 - Psoriasis 1760
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1760
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1760
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1761
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1765
REFERENCES 1766
Chapter 205 - Rheumatoid Arthritis 1769
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1769
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1769
?DIAGNOSIS 1772
?STANDARD MEDICAL THERAPY 1772
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1773
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1778
?OTHER CONSIDERATIONS 1778
REFERENCES 1779
Chapter 206 - Rosacea 1785
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1785
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1785
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1786
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1787
REFERENCES 1787
Chapter 207 - Seborrheic Dermatitis 1789
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1789
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1789
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1789
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1790
REFERENCES 1790
Chapter 208 - Senile Cataracts 1791
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1791
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1791
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1792
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1794
REFERENCES 1794
Chapter 209 - Streptococcal Pharyngitis 1796
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1796
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1796
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1797
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1798
REFERENCES 1798
Chapter 210 - Trichomoniasis 1799
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1799
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1799
?DIAGNOSIS 1799
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1800
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1801
REFERENCES 1802
Chapter 211 - Urticaria 1803
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1803
?INTRODUCTION 1803
?PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1803
?CAUSES OF URTICARIA 1804
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1811
?DIAGNOSIS 1812
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1812
REFERENCES 1813
Chapter 212 - Uterine Fibroids 1816
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1816
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1816
?DIAGNOSIS 1817
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1817
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1820
REFERENCES 1820
Chapter 213 - Vaginitis 1822
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1822
?GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1822
?TYPES OF VAGINITIS 1823
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1825
?DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH 1828
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1829
REFERENCES 1830
Chapter 214 - Varicose Veins 1832
?DIAGNOSTIC SUMMARY 1832
?GENERAL DISCUSSION 1832
?ETIOLOGY 1832
?THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS 1833
?THERAPEUTIC APPROACH 1834
REFERENCES 1835
Appendix 1 - CANDIDA QUESTIONNAIRE* 1836
?QUESTIONNAIRE 1836
Appendix 2 - Cervical Escharotic Treatment Instructions:For the Practitioner 1838
Appendix 3 - Crohn’s Disease Activity Index 1839
Appendix 4 - FASTING—PATIENT GUIDELINES 1840
?FASTING DIRECTIONS 1840
?SUMMARY 1841
Appendix 5 - Gluten and Gliadin Content of Select Foods 1842
Appendix 6 - Glycemic Index, Carbohydrate Content, and Glycemic Load of Select Foods 1843
Appendix 7 - Hydrochloric Acid Supplementation: Patient Instructions 1848
Appendix 8 - The Optimal Health Food Pyramid 1849
?FOODS TO AVOID ENTIRELY 1849
?VEGETABLES: FIVE TO SEVEN SERVINGS DAILY 1849
?NUTS, SEEDS, AND GOOD OILS: FOUR SERVINGS DAILY 1850
?WHOLE GRAINS: THREE TO FIVE SERVINGS DAILY 1850
?BEANS (LEGUMES): TWO TO THREE SERVINGS DAILY 1851
?FRUITS: THREE TO FOUR SERVINGS DAILY 1851
?HIGH-QUALITY PROTEIN: TWO TO THREE SERVINGS DAILY 1851
?DAIRY: ONE OR TWO SERVINGS DAILY (OPTIONAL) 1851
Appendix 9 - Patient Instructions for Measuring Basal Body Temperature 1852
?PURPOSE 1852
?PROCEDURE 1852
?INTERPRETATION 1852
Appendix 10 - Rotation Diet Master Chart and Plan 1854
Appendix 11 - Supplier Certification Questionnaire Guidance 1855
?SUPPLIER CERTIFICATION: COMPLIANCE GUIDE AND QUESTIONNAIRE 1855
?FOREWORD 1855
?OBJECTIVES 1856
Appendix 12 - Vaginal Depletion Pack—Traditional Method 1859
?INTRODUCTION 1859
?CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 1859
Index 1861

Contact Us

123Doc Education 45 Stanlake Road 9 London, W12 7HG T: +44 (0)203 0313 866

Quick Navigation

2024 123Library

Powered by CloudPublish

We use cookies to ensure that you get the best experience on our website. Learn more about how we use cookies.