Menu Expand
Infections in Diabetes - ECAB

Infections in Diabetes - ECAB

Samar Banerjee

(2012)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

Patients with diabetes are predisposed to infections. The risk ratio for infectious disease-related hospitalization for diabetic versus nondiabetic persons is more than 2, and almost 2 for death attributable to infection. Infections in diabetes may precipitate metabolic derangements and, conversely, the metabolic derangements of diabetes may facilitate infection. Abnormalities in the microvascular circulation of individuals with diabetes may result in decreased tissue perfusion, which facilitates the acquisition of infection and impairs response to therapy.

The incidence of TB among diabetic patients is 2–5 times higher when compared to the general population, which recently has raised the concern that a combination of DM and HIV infection might lead to a further increased

incidence of TB in India and in other developing nations. However, it is unclear whether diabetes is an independent risk for common upper and lower respiratory tract infections.

Urinary tract is also reported to be the most prevalent site of infection in patients with diabetes. These infections are known to account for a relatively smaller percentage of reported patients probably due to the fact that most patients, including diabetics, with urinary tract infection are treated as outpatients. A number of long-term effects of diabetes mellitus on the genitourinary system predispose diabetic patients to bacterial urinary tract infections. In addition, complications of urinary tract infection (e.g., bacteremia, renal abscesses, and renal papillary necrosis) are more common in patients with than without diabetes.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis and emphysematous pyelonephritis are some of the less commonly reported conditions seen in diabetics though being important pathologies. The primary goal of this book is to provide a high-quality, evidence-based text on the various aspects of the associations of various infections in diabetics with prime focus on TB and diabetes, rare conditions such as rhinocerebral mucormycosis and emphysematous pyelonephritis and also the various acute infections commonly reported in the condition. The book includes in-depth analysis of the diagnostic and management issues considering the same.


Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Front Cover
Front Matter ia
ECAB Clinical Update:Diabetology id
Copyright if
About the Authors ig
Contents ii
ECAB Clinical Update InformationInfections in Diabetes i
Introduction 1
Diabetes Mellitus and Tuberculosis Interface 3a
Abstract 3a
Keywords 3b
Introduction 3a
Pathogenesis 5
Immune Alterations in Diabetes 5
Local Factors 7
Global Update 8
Genetics and Hla System 15
Indian Update 16
Peculiarities of Tuberculosis in Diabetes 17
Radiological Aspects of Concomitant Tuberculosis and Diabetes 19
CT Scan Features 19
Management 19
Role of Insulin 20
Preventive Management 22
Summary 23
Case Studies Diabetes Mellitus and Tuberculosis Interface 30
Case Study 1 30
History 30
Evaluation 30
Treatment 31
Discussion 31
Case Study 2 32
History 32
Evaluation 32
Management 32
Discussion 33
Acute Infections in Diabetes 34
Abstract 34a
Keywords 34b
Introduction 34
Epidemiology 36
Factors Predisposing to Increased Infections 36
Immunological Factors 36
Non-immunological Factors 37
Common Infections in Diabetic Patients 38
Urinary Tract Infections 38
Respiratory Tract Infections 39
Periodontal Infections 40
Necrotizing Fascitis 40
Unusual Infections 41
Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis 41
Malignant Otitis Media 43
Emphysematous Cholecystitis 44
Emphysematous Cystitis 44
Emphysematous Pyelonephritis 45
Psoas Abscess 45
Fournier's gangrene 49
Etiology 49
Treatment 49
Infections in Patients with Diabetes in Special Situations 50
Postoperative Hyperglycemia and the Risk of Infections 50
Elderly Patients 50
Dialysis 50
Summary 51
Case Studies Acute Infections in Diabetes 57
Case Study 1 57
Case Study 2 58
Unusual Infections in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 60a
Abstract 60a
Keywords 60b
Introduction 60a
Emphysematous pyelonephritis 61
History 62
Microbiology 62
Pathophysiology 63
Clinical Characteristics 64
Laboratory Studies 65
Imaging Studies 66
Radiologic Classification of Emphysematous Pyelonephritis 66
Treatment 67
Predictors of Outcome 68
Indian data 69
Mucormycosis 72
Case 1 77
Comment 79
Case 2 79
Comment 80
Case 3 81
Case 4 84
Comment 85
Summary 86
TB and Diabetes 86
HIV and Diabetes 87
Acute Infections in Diabetes 88
Forthcoming Books 89