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Book Details
Abstract
Excessive Sleepiness, or hypersomnia, is one of the most common sleep complaints. In this issue, Dr. Alon Avidan of UCLA brings together a set of articles that offer a completely updated overview of hypersomnia, from neurophysiology of sleepiness and wakefulness to quality of life issues and public health. The main focus of the issue is the diagnosis and treatment of hypersomnia, including objective and subjective measurement of sleepness, biomarkers of sleepiness, narcolepsy, and hypersomnia in medical, neurological and psyhchiatric comorbidities. Excessive sleepiness among specific patient populations (children, elderly) and periodic hypersomnia are discussed. Pharmacotherapy of hypersomnia is given special attention, as are behavioural treatments.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Hypersomnia | i | ||
| Copyright Page | ii | ||
| Table of Contents | ix | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| Foreword: Hypersomnia | xv | ||
| Preface: Hypersomnia | xvii | ||
| Chapter 1. Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Hypersomnia | 179 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF THE REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF AROUSAL AND SLEEP | 180 | ||
| SUMMARY | 186 | ||
| REFERENCES | 186 | ||
| Chapter 2. Differential Diagnosis of Hypersomnias | 191 | ||
| BISS | 191 | ||
| LONG SLEEPER | 193 | ||
| SLEEP-RELATED BREATHING DISORDERS | 193 | ||
| NARCOLEPSY | 194 | ||
| IDIOPATHIC HYPERSOMNIA | 196 | ||
| RECURRENT HYPERSOMNIAS | 197 | ||
| HYPERSOMNIA CAUSED BY MEDICATIONS AND DRUGS | 199 | ||
| HYPERSOMNIA CAUSED BY MEDICAL CONDITION | 200 | ||
| SUMMARY | 202 | ||
| REFERENCES | 202 | ||
| Chapter 3. Physical Examination of the Patient with Hypersomnia | 205 | ||
| DEFINITION AND CAUSES OF HYPERSOMNIA | 205 | ||
| THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 206 | ||
| SUMMARY | 216 | ||
| REFERENCES | 216 | ||
| Chapter 4. Objective and Subjective Measurement of Excessive Sleepiness | 219 | ||
| MULTIPLE SLEEP LATENCY TEST | 219 | ||
| MAINTENANCE OF WAKEFULNESS TEST | 223 | ||
| OSLER TEST | 225 | ||
| PSYCHOMOTOR VIGILANCE TESTING | 225 | ||
| EPWORTH SLEEPINESS SCALE | 225 | ||
| STANFORD SLEEPINESS SCALE | 228 | ||
| KAROLINSKA SLEEPINESS SCALE | 228 | ||
| SUMMARY | 228 | ||
| REFERENCES | 229 | ||
| Chapter 5. Neurochemistry and Biomarkers of Narcolepsy and Other Primary and Secondary Hypersomnias | 233 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 233 | ||
| NEUROBIOLOGY OF WAKEFULNESS | 234 | ||
| BASIC SLEEP PHYSIOLOGY AND SYMPTOMS OF NARCOLEPSY | 235 | ||
| DISCOVERY OF HYPOCRETIN DEFICIENCY AND POSTNATAL CELL DEATH OF HYPOCRETIN NEURONS | 236 | ||
| CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF NARCOLEPSY WITH NORMAL HYPOCRETIN LEVELS | 238 | ||
| IDIOPATHIC HYPERSOMNIA, HYPOCRETIN NONDEFICIENT PRIMARY HYPERSOMNIA | 238 | ||
| NOSOLOGIC AND DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS OF MAJOR PRIMARY HYPERSOMNIAS | 238 | ||
| HOW DOES HYPOCRETIN LIGAND DEFICIENCY CAUSE THE NARCOLEPSY PHENOTYPE? | 239 | ||
| CHANGES IN OTHER NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS IN NARCOLEPSY AND IDIOPATHIC HYPERSOMNIA | 243 | ||
| HISTAMINE AND HYPERSOMNIA | 244 | ||
| SUMMARY | 246 | ||
| REFERENCES | 246 | ||
| Chapter 6. Primary and Secondary Neurogenic Hypersomnias | 249 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 249 | ||
| PRIMARY NEUROGENIC HYPERSOMNIAS | 250 | ||
| SECONDARY NEUROGENIC HYPERSOMNIAS | 254 | ||
| REFERENCES | 259 | ||
| Chapter 7. Narcolepsy | 263 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 264 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 264 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES | 267 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS | 273 | ||
| SUMMARY AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES | 276 | ||
| REFERENCES | 276 | ||
| Chapter 8. Idiopathic Hypersomnia | 283 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 284 | ||
| SUMMARY | 288 | ||
| REFERENCES | 288 | ||
| Chapter 9. Comorbidities of Central Nervous System Hypersomnia | 291 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 291 | ||
| NARCOLEPSY | 291 | ||
| SUMMARY | 299 | ||
| REFERENCES | 299 | ||
| Chapter 10. Kleine-Levin Syndrome | 303 | ||
| HISTORICAL NOTE | 303 | ||
| DEMOGRAPHICS | 304 | ||
| PREDISPOSING AND PRECIPITATING FACTORS | 304 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES | 304 | ||
| LABORATORY TESTS | 306 | ||
| COURSE | 306 | ||
| CLINICAL VARIANTS | 307 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 308 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 308 | ||
| TREATMENT | 309 | ||
| SUMMARY | 310 | ||
| REFERENCES | 310 | ||
| Chapter 11. Behaviorally Induced Insufficient Sleep | 313 | ||
| WHEN IS SLEEP SUFFICIENT AND WHEN IS IT INSUFFICIENT | 313 | ||
| BIISS | 314 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INSUFFICIENT SLEEP | 315 | ||
| CONSEQUENCES OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION | 316 | ||
| FACTORS AFFECTING RISK OF AND ADAPTATION TO INSUFFICIENT SLEEP | 319 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 320 | ||
| SUMMARY | 320 | ||
| REFERENCES | 321 | ||
| Chapter 12. Behavioral Management of Hypersomnia | 325 | ||
| BEHAVIORAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL OPTIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HYPERSOMNOLENCE | 325 | ||
| AGE CONSIDERATIONS IN THE BEHAVIORAL MANAGEMENT OF HYPERSOMNOLENCE | 326 | ||
| TREATING HYPERSOMNOLENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PARENT DISORDER | 327 | ||
| COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION FOR HYPERSOMNIA | 329 | ||
| SUMMARY | 330 | ||
| REFERENCES | 330 | ||
| Chapter 13. Pharmacotherapy of Excessive Sleepiness | 333 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 333 | ||
| MEASURING EFFICACY OF STIMULANTS | 335 | ||
| AMPHETAMINES | 337 | ||
| METYLPHENIDATE | 337 | ||
| MODAFINIL AND ARMODAFINIL | 337 | ||
| CAFFEINE | 338 | ||
| SUMMARY | 338 | ||
| REFERENCES | 339 | ||
| Chapter 14. Quality of Life in Narcolepsy | 341 | ||
| THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN DEVELOPING QOL INDICATORS | 342 | ||
| MEASUREMENT OF QOL | 342 | ||
| SELECTED HRQOL INSTRUMENTS | 343 | ||
| REVIEW OF STUDIES ON NARCOLEPSY AND QOL | 343 | ||
| NONPHARMACOLOGIC MANAGEMENT OF NARCOLEPSY | 346 | ||
| SUMMARY | 348 | ||
| REFERENCES | 348 | ||
| Chapter 15. Inappropriate Situational Sleepiness and the Law | 353 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 353 | ||
| INAPPROPRIATE SITUATIONAL SLEEPINESS AND THE LAW: BROAD CONCEPTS | 353 | ||
| MEDICAL CONDITIONS NOTABLE FOR SLEEPINESS AND LEGAL CONSEQUENCES | 355 | ||
| LEGAL FRAMEWORKS | 357 | ||
| SUMMARY | 361 | ||
| REFERENCES | 362 | ||
| Chapter 16. Hypersomnia in Older Patients | 365 | ||
| PREVALENCE | 366 | ||
| ASSESSMENT | 366 | ||
| CONSEQUENCES OF DAYTIME SLEEPINESS | 372 | ||
| SUMMARY | 374 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 374 | ||
| REFERENCES | 374 | ||
| Chapter 17. Hypersomnia in Children | 379 | ||
| HOW PREVALENT IS CHILDHOOD DAYTIME SLEEPINESS | 379 | ||
| WHAT FACTORS PREDISPOSE TO CHILDHOOD DAYTIME SLEEPINESS | 379 | ||
| WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF DAYTIME SLEEPINESS | 380 | ||
| CLINICAL ASSESSMENT | 381 | ||
| INADEQUATE SLEEP HYGIENE | 383 | ||
| PERIODIC HYPERSOMNIA | 383 | ||
| NARCOLEPSY | 383 | ||
| IDIOPATHIC HYPERSOMNIA | 385 | ||
| DELAYED SLEEP PHASE DISORDER | 386 | ||
| CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES | 387 | ||
| REFERENCES | 388 | ||
| Index | 391 |