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Book Details
Abstract
Imaging of the spine is given a thorough update in this issue, beginning with an article on spine segmentation, enumeration and normal variants. Imaging of degenerative disease of the spine is then reviewed, giving consideration to appropriate utilization of imaging, specificity and sensitivity shortcomings in evaluation of degenerative disease, risks and benefits of imaging of degenerative disease, and the prevalence of radicular and xial pain and underlying pain generators. Next, the validity and socioeconomic impact of spine imaging in evaluating “degenerative pain syndromes is reviewed. Pathophysiology and biomechanics of disc and posterior element of degenerative disease is reviewed, along with imaging of radiculopathy / radiculitis, imaging of central canal stenosis, and imaging of discogenic pain (using MRI and discography). Imaging of joint related axial pain, spine neoplasm, spine infection, and non-acute trauma is also covered.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Radiologic Clinics of North America: Spine Imaging | i | ||
| Copyright Page | ii | ||
| Table of Contents | v | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| RADIOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA | x | ||
| Preface: Spine Imaging | xi | ||
| Chapter 1. Appropriate Use of Lumbar Imaging for Evaluation of Low Back Pain | 569 | ||
| COSTS | 570 | ||
| IMAGING PRACTICES | 571 | ||
| EFFECTIVENESS | 572 | ||
| COST-EFFECTIVENESS | 573 | ||
| WHY DOESN’T ROUTINE IMAGING LEAD TO BETTER CLINICAL OUTCOMES? | 573 | ||
| HARMS | 575 | ||
| WHY ISN’T CURRENT PRACTICE CONSISTENT WITH THE EVIDENCE? | 576 | ||
| RECOMMENDATIONS ON IMAGING USE | 577 | ||
| SUMMARY | 581 | ||
| REFERENCES | 582 | ||
| Chapter 2. Spine Segmentation and Enumeration and Normal Variants | 587 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 587 | ||
| NORMAL EMBRYOLOGYAND DEVELOPMENT | 588 | ||
| VARIANT ANATOMY | 589 | ||
| VARIANTS OF FORMATION | 589 | ||
| VARIANTS OF SEGMENTATION | 589 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS VARIANTS | 590 | ||
| SPINAL SEGMENT VARIANTS | 590 | ||
| SUMMARY: VERTEBRAL ENUMERATION | 597 | ||
| REFERENCES | 597 | ||
| Chapter 3. Physiologic Imaging of the Spine | 599 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 599 | ||
| RADIOGRAPHS | 600 | ||
| AXIALLY LOADED IMAGING OF THE SPINE | 601 | ||
| ROTATIONAL CT SCANNING | 602 | ||
| DYNAMIC MRI OF THE SPINE | 602 | ||
| DISCUSSION | 607 | ||
| REFERENCES | 609 | ||
| Chapter 4. Degenerative Joint Disease of the Spine | 613 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 613 | ||
| DEFINITION | 613 | ||
| BIOLOGY | 614 | ||
| REGIONAL DIFFERENCES | 615 | ||
| CAUSE | 616 | ||
| CORRELATIONS | 618 | ||
| INTERNAL DISK DISRUPTION | 620 | ||
| DISCUSSION | 625 | ||
| REFERENCES | 625 | ||
| Chapter 5. Imaging the Intervertebral Disk: Age-Related Changes, Herniations, and Radicular Pain | 629 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 629 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS OF RADICULAR PAIN DUE TO DISK HERNIATION | 630 | ||
| ANATOMY AND NOMENCLATURE OF AGERELATED CHANGES AT THE DISCOVERTEBRAL COMPLEX OF THE LUMBAR SPINE | 630 | ||
| MODIC END-PLATE CHANGES | 633 | ||
| HIGH-INTENSITY ZONE (ANNULAR FISSURE) | 634 | ||
| DISK HERNIATION NOMENCLATURE | 635 | ||
| IMAGING MODALITIES | 637 | ||
| MR IMAGING: RELIABILITY | 639 | ||
| DISK HERNIATION: SPECIFICITY | 639 | ||
| SENSITIVITY | 640 | ||
| IMAGING OBSERVATIONS IN DISK HERNIATIONS | 640 | ||
| ROLE OF CONTRAST MEDIUM IN DISK HERNIATION | 641 | ||
| NATURAL HISTORY OF LUMBAR DISK HERNIATIONS | 642 | ||
| CORRELATION OF DISK HERNIATION IMAGING WITH CLINICAL STATE | 643 | ||
| CERVICAL DISK HERNIATIONS | 644 | ||
| THORACIC DISK HERNIATIONS | 646 | ||
| SUMMARY | 647 | ||
| REFERENCES | 647 | ||
| Chapter 6. Imaging of Spinal Stenosis: Neurogenic Intermittent Claudication and Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy | 651 | ||
| SPINAL STENOSIS | 651 | ||
| NEUROGENIC INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION | 651 | ||
| THORACIC SPINAL STENOSIS | 664 | ||
| CERVICAL STENOSIS | 666 | ||
| SUMMARY | 675 | ||
| REFERENCES | 675 | ||
| Chapter 7. Lumbar Diskogenic Pain, Provocation Diskography, and Imaging Correlates | 681 | ||
| DISKOGENIC (AXIAL) BACK PAIN | 681 | ||
| DISKOGRAPHY | 682 | ||
| PROVOCATION DISKOGRAPHY | 682 | ||
| CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF DISKOGENIC PAIN BY PROVOCATION DISKOGRAPHY | 683 | ||
| VALIDITY | 684 | ||
| IMAGING CORRELATES OF DISKOGENIC PAIN | 687 | ||
| LOSS OF DISK HEIGHT | 689 | ||
| SUMMARY: IMAGING CORRELATES OFLUMBAR DISKOGENIC PAIN | 700 | ||
| EPILOGUE: CERVICAL DISKOGRAPHY AND DISKOGENIC PAIN | 701 | ||
| Chapter 8. Imaging of Posterior Element Axial Pain Generators: Facet Joints, Pedicles, Spinous Processes, Sacroiliac Joints, and Transitional Segments | 705 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 705 | ||
| ANATOMY OF THE POSTERIOR SPINAL COLUMN | 706 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGIC AND FUNCTIONAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES | 708 | ||
| FACET JOINTS | 711 | ||
| PEDICLES AND PARS INTERARTICULARIS | 719 | ||
| SPINOUS PROCESSES AND INTERSPINOUS LIGAMENTS | 721 | ||
| TRANSITIONAL SEGMENTS AND PSEUDOARTICULATIONS | 723 | ||
| SACROILIAC JOINTS | 724 | ||
| IMPORTANCE OF CLINICAL CONTEXT | 726 | ||
| SUMMARY | 728 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 728 | ||
| REFERENCES | 728 | ||
| Chapter 9. Imaging the Postoperative Spine | 731 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 731 | ||
| SURGICAL PROCEDURES | 732 | ||
| IMAGING | 735 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 739 | ||
| SUMMARY | 745 | ||
| REFERENCES | 745 | ||
| Chapter 10. Imaging of Spine Neoplasm | 749 | ||
| THE ORIGIN OF SPINE PAIN | 749 | ||
| SUMMARY | 774 | ||
| REFERENCES | 774 | ||
| Chapter 11. Imaging of Spine Infection | 777 | ||
| PYOGENIC SPONDYLODISCITIS | 777 | ||
| SPINAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS | 785 | ||
| SPINAL SUBDURAL ABSCESS | 786 | ||
| FACET JOINT INFECTION | 786 | ||
| PYOMYOSITIS | 788 | ||
| GRANULOMATOUS SPINAL INFECTION | 789 | ||
| IMAGE-GUIDED SAMPLING OF SPINAL INFECTION | 794 | ||
| SUMMARY | 795 | ||
| REFERENCES | 795 | ||
| Chapter 12. Imaging of Stress Fractures of the Spine | 799 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 799 | ||
| SPINE: VERTEBRAL BODY | 799 | ||
| SPINE: PARS INTERARTICULARIS | 804 | ||
| SPINE: PEDICLE | 814 | ||
| SACRUM | 815 | ||
| PELVIS | 818 | ||
| SUMMARY | 818 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 818 | ||
| REFERENCES | 818 | ||
| Chapter 13. Imaging of Dural Arteriovenous Fistula | 823 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 823 | ||
| SPINAL VASCULAR ANATOMY | 825 | ||
| IMAGING EVALUATION | 826 | ||
| TREATMENT | 832 | ||
| POSTTREATMENT CLINICAL RESPONSE AND IMAGING | 833 | ||
| SUMMARY | 836 | ||
| REFERENCES | 837 | ||
| Chapter 14. Imaging of the Seronegative Spondyloarthopathies | 841 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 841 | ||
| IMAGING TECHNIQUES | 842 | ||
| IMAGING FINDINGS IN THE SERONEGATIVE SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES | 845 | ||
| SUMMARY | 852 | ||
| REFERENCES | 853 | ||
| Index | 855 | ||
| Moving? | 863 |