BOOK
Stage B, A Pre-cursor to Heart Failure, Part II, An Issue of Heart Failure Clinics - E-Book
(2012)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
In the joint American College of Cardiology /American Heart Association classification system, Stage B heart failure refers to patients with structural heart disease but no symptoms of heart failure. Preventing progression of heart failure in Stage B patients is a central concern to heart failure specialists, so two issues have been devoted to this topic. Part II focuses on screening to identify patients with Stage B HF and monitoring and therapeutic approaches to patients with a diagnosis of Stage B HF.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Heart Failure Clinics | i | ||
| Copyright Page | ii | ||
| Table of Contents | v | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Heart Failure Clinics | viii | ||
| Editorial: Reducing the Burden of Stage B Heart Failure and the Global Pandemic of Cardiovascular Disease: Time to Go to War with the “Barefoot” Troops! | ix | ||
| REFERENCES | xii | ||
| Preface: Stage B, A Precursor of Heart Failure, Part I I | xv | ||
| Chapter 1. Clinical Monitoring of Stage B Heart Failure: Echocardiography | 169 | ||
| WHY SCREEN FOR LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION WITH ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY? | 169 | ||
| ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES INCLUDED IN THE DEFINITION OF STAGE B HEART FAILURE | 169 | ||
| WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANT VARIABLES TO ASSESS IN THE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION? | 170 | ||
| ROLE OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN SELECTED POPULATIONS | 172 | ||
| COST EFFECTIVENESS AND HANDHELD ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY | 175 | ||
| SUMMARY | 175 | ||
| REFERENCES | 176 | ||
| Chapter 2. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Stage B Heart Failure | 179 | ||
| CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FOR HEART FAILURE: TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS | 179 | ||
| ASSESSMENT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION | 180 | ||
| DETERMINING CAUSE | 181 | ||
| FURTHER ASSESSMENTS IN ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY | 184 | ||
| RISK STRATIFICATION AND PROGNOSIS | 185 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 187 | ||
| SUMMARY | 188 | ||
| REFERENCES | 188 | ||
| Chapter 3. Radionuclide Imaging in Stage B Heart Failure | 191 | ||
| STAGE B HEART FAILURE: IMPORTANCE OF RECOGNITION | 191 | ||
| ROLE OF RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING IN STAGE B HEART FAILURE | 192 | ||
| SUMMARY | 203 | ||
| REFERENCES | 203 | ||
| Chapter 4. Biomarkers | 207 | ||
| BIOMARKERS OF NEUROHORMONAL ACTIVATION | 207 | ||
| NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES | 208 | ||
| BIOMARKERS OF MYOCYTE INJURY | 211 | ||
| BIOMARKERS OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX REMODELING | 213 | ||
| BIOMARKERS OF INFLAMMATION | 214 | ||
| BIOMARKERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS | 215 | ||
| NEW BIOMARKERS IN HEART FAILURE | 217 | ||
| SUMMARY | 218 | ||
| REFERENCES | 218 | ||
| Chapter 5. The Role of Renin Angiotensin System Intervention in Stage B Heart Failure | 225 | ||
| THE ROLE OF RAAS ACTIVATION IN STAGE B HF | 226 | ||
| RAAS INTERVENTIONS IN STAGE B HF | 228 | ||
| SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 231 | ||
| REFERENCES | 231 | ||
| Chapter 6. b-Blockers in Stage B: A Precursor of Heart Failure | 237 | ||
| ACTIVATION OF NEUROHORMONES IN HF | 237 | ||
| HALLMARKS OF HF | 238 | ||
| ADVERSE EFFECTS OF NEUROHORMONAL SYSTEMS IN HF | 238 | ||
| DIRECT CARDIOTOXIC EFFECTS OF NEUROHORMONES | 238 | ||
| THE RATIONALE FOR b-ADRENERGIC BLOCKING THERAPY IN STAGE B, A PRECURSOR OF HF | 239 | ||
| CLINICAL TRIALS OF b-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS IN PATIENTS WITH HF | 240 | ||
| ROLE OF BRADYCARDIA IN THE TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE | 242 | ||
| SUMMARY | 243 | ||
| REFERENCES | 243 | ||
| Chapter 7. The Role of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Patients with American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Stage B Heart Failure | 247 | ||
| RATIONALE FOR THE USE OF MRAS IN PATIENTS WITH STAGE B HF | 247 | ||
| MRAS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE | 248 | ||
| ROLE OF MRAS ON IMPORTANT COMORBID CONDITIONS TRIGGERING THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANIFEST HF IN STAGE B | 249 | ||
| THE ROLE OF ACE-I AND/OR ARB IN PREVENTING THE PRODUCTION OF ALDOSTERONE FROM THE ADRENAL GLAND | 250 | ||
| THE CHOICE OF AN MRA IN PATIENTS WITH STAGE B HF | 250 | ||
| LIMITATIONS TO THE USE OF AN MRA IN PATIENTS WITH STAGE B HF | 250 | ||
| SUMMARY | 251 | ||
| REFERENCES | 251 | ||
| Chapter 8. Nitric Oxide Modulation as a Therapeutic Strategy in Heart Failure | 255 | ||
| GENERATION OF NITRIC OXIDE AND NITRIC OXIDE EFFECTOR PATHWAYS | 255 | ||
| NITRIC OXIDE AND NITROSO-REDOX BALANCE IN HEART FAILURE | 257 | ||
| NITRIC OXIDE AS A THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN HEART FAILURE | 257 | ||
| NITRIC OXIDE DONORS | 258 | ||
| SOLUBLE GUANYLYL CYCLASE AS A TARGET FOR TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE | 260 | ||
| PDE-5 INHIBITION IN SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE | 265 | ||
| SUMMARY | 267 | ||
| REFERENCES | 268 | ||
| Stage B Heart Failure: Rationale for Screening | 273 | ||
| WHAT IS THE BURDEN OF SUFFERING ASSOCIATED WITH HEART FAILURE? | 273 | ||
| WHICH INDIVIDUALS ARE AT RISK OF DEVELOPING SYMPTOMATIC HEART FAILURE? | 274 | ||
| WHAT IS THE RISK ASSOCIATED WITH STAGE B HEART FAILURE? | 274 | ||
| WILL EARLY DETECTION AND TREATMENT OF STAGE B HEART FAILURE IMPROVE CLINICAL OUTCOMES? | 275 | ||
| HOW SHOULD ONE EVALUATE A SCREENING STRATEGY? | 277 | ||
| THE CASE FOR SCREENING FOR ASYMPTOMATIC LVSD | 279 | ||
| SUMMARY | 280 | ||
| REFERENCES | 280 | ||
| Chapter 9. Strategies to Screen for Stage B as a Heart Failure Prevention Intervention | 285 | ||
| PREVALENCE AND NATURAL HISTORY OF STAGE B HF AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SCREENING | 285 | ||
| CRITERIA NEEDED TO JUSTIFY SCREENING PROGRAMS | 287 | ||
| POTENTIAL SCREENING STRATEGIES | 288 | ||
| SUMMARY | 294 | ||
| REFERENCES | 294 | ||
| Index | 297 |