BOOK
Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Update, An Issue of Clinics in Liver Disease - E-Book
(2012)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
A very hot topic at the 2010 AASLD meeting, hepatic encephalopathy is being brought to the Clinics in Liver Disease for the very first time by top experts, Dr. Mullen and Dr. Prakash. Authors have written articles that fully discuss the clinical aspects of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Articles presented include History, Nomenclature and Classification; Theories involved in the pathogenesis of HE; Clinical Assessment and utility of clinical scales for semi-quantification of Overt HE; Assessment of Minimal HE
( with emphasis on computerized psychometric tests); Brain Imaging and HE; Management of Overt HE; Management of Minimal HE; Nutritional Interventions for HE; TIPS and HE; Liver Transplantation and Reversibility of HE; Minimal HE and Driving; and HE and Quality of Life.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Clinics in Liver Disease | i | ||
| Copyright Page | ii | ||
| Table of Contents | vii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Preface | xiii | ||
| Chapter 1. New Perspectives in Hepatic Encephalopathy | 1 | ||
| REFERENCES | 4 | ||
| Chapter 2. Theories of the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy | 7 | ||
| THE AMMONIA HYPOTHESIS | 9 | ||
| VARIANTS OF THE AMMONIA HYPOTHESIS | 10 | ||
| OTHER HYPOTHESES | 10 | ||
| THEORIES THAT IMPLICATE ALTERED NEUROTRANSMISSION | 11 | ||
| FALSE NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND AMINO ACID IMBALANCE | 11 | ||
| γ-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID–MEDIATED INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMISSION | 11 | ||
| THE AMMONIA HYPOTHESIS REVISITED | 16 | ||
| SUMMARY | 19 | ||
| REFERENCES | 19 | ||
| Chapter 3. Assessment and Usefulness of Clinical Scales for Semiquantification of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy | 27 | ||
| SCORING SYSTEMS FOR OHE | 28 | ||
| CLINICAL SCALES | 28 | ||
| NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS | 32 | ||
| NEUROPHYSIOLOGIC TESTS | 36 | ||
| SUMMARY | 38 | ||
| REFERENCES | 39 | ||
| Chapter 4. Assessment of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy (with Emphasis on Computerized Psychometric Tests) | 43 | ||
| SPECIFIC TESTING FOR CIRRHOSIS AND NORMAL MENTAL STATUS | 44 | ||
| PAPER AND PENCIL PSYCHOMETRIC TESTS FOR MHE | 45 | ||
| COMPUTERIZED PSYCHOMETRIC TESTS | 48 | ||
| ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC ASSESSMENT | 51 | ||
| CRITICAL FLICKER FREQUENCY | 52 | ||
| SUMMARY | 52 | ||
| REFERENCES | 52 | ||
| Chapter 5. Brain Imaging and Hepatic Encephalopathy | 57 | ||
| MRI | 58 | ||
| NUCLEAR MEDICINE: PET AND SPECT | 64 | ||
| SUMMARY | 67 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 67 | ||
| REFERENCES | 67 | ||
| Chapter 6. Management of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy | 73 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS OF HE | 74 | ||
| THERAPY OF OVERT HE | 74 | ||
| SUMMARY | 85 | ||
| REFERENCES | 85 | ||
| Chapter 7. Management of Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy | 91 | ||
| REFERENCES | 92 | ||
| Chapter 8. Malnutrition in Cirrhosis: Contribution and Consequences of Sarcopenia on Metabolic and Clinical Responses | 95 | ||
| MALNUTRITION IN LIVER DISEASE: DEFINITIONS | 96 | ||
| METHODS TO ASSESS MALNUTRITION IN CIRRHOSIS | 97 | ||
| PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITION IN CIRRHOSIS | 100 | ||
| SEVERITY OF LIVER DISEASE WORSENS SARCOPENIA | 101 | ||
| CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF MALNUTRITION IN CIRRHOSIS | 101 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS AND MECHANISMS OF SARCOPENIA IN CIRRHOSIS | 105 | ||
| AGING PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS | 113 | ||
| POSTTRANSPLANTED PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS | 113 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS | 116 | ||
| NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTATION | 116 | ||
| REFERENCES | 121 | ||
| Chapter 9. Hepatic Encephalopathy After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt | 133 | ||
| INCIDENCE OF POST-TIPS HE | 135 | ||
| CHARACTERISTICS OF POST-TIPS HE | 135 | ||
| PREDICTORS OF POST-TIPS HE | 136 | ||
| PREVENTION OF POST-TIPS HE | 138 | ||
| TREATMENT OF POST-TIPS HE | 139 | ||
| SUMMARY | 142 | ||
| REFERENCES | 142 | ||
| Chapter 10. Extent of Reversibility of Hepatic Encephalopathy Following Liver Transplantation | 147 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, NATURAL HISTORY, AND TREATMENT OF HE | 147 | ||
| REVERSIBILITY OF HE: THE CONCEPT | 149 | ||
| REVERSIBILITY OF HE: MEDICAL TREATMENT | 149 | ||
| REVERSIBILITY OF HE: LIVER TRANSPLANTATION | 151 | ||
| SUMMARY | 155 | ||
| REFERENCES | 155 | ||
| Chapter 11. Hepatic Encephalopathy and Health-Related Quality of Life | 159 | ||
| THE MEASUREMENT OF HRQoL | 160 | ||
| HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY AND HRQoL | 161 | ||
| EFFECTS OF TREATMENT ON HE AND HRQoL | 167 | ||
| SUMMARY | 167 | ||
| REFERENCES | 168 | ||
| Index | 171 |