BOOK
Saunders Solutions in Veterinary Practice: Small Animal Emergency Medicine E-Book
(2011)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Saunders Solutions in Veterinary Practice consists of a series of practical handbooks on selected medical topics on specific veterinary problems. Case-based, this series is aimed at the small animal veterinary practitioner who has qualified less than 10 years and needs quick access to information and wants to increase his/her confidence on handling that range of cases that cover the spectrum that lies between the simple routine first opinion case and the referral.
Saunders Solutions in Veterinary Practice provides additional knowledge that leads to improved skills and practice for veterinary practitioners. Not only practitioners, but also veterinary students nearing the end of their course will find this series very useful to brush up their knowledge in a particular area. The volumes are also written with the veterinary nurse in mind with a particular interest in a specific topic, using ‘Nurse Boxes’ in the text to guide them to the specific information they need.
• new approach: clinical cases offering examination, treatment options, clinical tips relevant for the general small animal veterinary practitioner – all case descriptions based on common template
• offers synoptic, easy accessible and essential information
• provides essential information on selected topics
• authorship ensures accuracy of information
• relevant to all general practitioners
• written to increase the skill and practice the general veterinary practitioner
• intend to meet CPD-need, but focus on: differential diagnosis and practical case handling
• offers self-assessment features at the end of every chapter making it relevant for veterinary students as well
• broad readership: practitioners and students indicated in the text by ‘ Notes for Vets’; nurses indicated in the text by ‘Notes for Nurses’ and pet owners indicated in the text by ‘ Notes for Pet Owners’
• handy format with flexi cover
• species covered to be limited to cats, dogs and rabbits
• full colour throughout
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | cover | ||
| Saunders Solutions in Veterinary Practice: Small Animal Emergency Medicine | i | ||
| Copyright page | iv | ||
| Table of Contents | v | ||
| Introduction | vi | ||
| Emergency Veterinary Medicine | vi | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Acknowledgements | viii | ||
| Section 1 The Fundamentals | 1 | ||
| 1 Major body system examination | 3 | ||
| Cardiovascular System | 3 | ||
| Respiratory System | 3 | ||
| Respiratory effort | 4 | ||
| Respiratory pattern and noise | 4 | ||
| Central Nervous System | 4 | ||
| 2 Shock and dehydration | 5 | ||
| Body Fluid Compartments | 5 | ||
| Hypoperfusion and Shock | 5 | ||
| Causes of hypoperfusion | 5 | ||
| Hypovolaemic shock | 5 | ||
| Maldistributive shock | 6 | ||
| Cardiogenic shock | 6 | ||
| Obstructive shock | 6 | ||
| Hypovolaemia | 6 | ||
| Assessing perfusion and volume status | 6 | ||
| Dogs | 7 | ||
| Compensatory phase of hypovolaemia | 7 | ||
| Early decompensatory phase of hypovolaemia | 7 | ||
| Late decompensatory phase of hypovolaemia | 7 | ||
| Cats | 7 | ||
| Assessing perfusion – the holistic approach | 7 | ||
| Pain management | 8 | ||
| Maldistributive shock | 8 | ||
| Dehydration | 8 | ||
| Assessing hydration status | 8 | ||
| Additional measures of dehydration | 9 | ||
| 3 Emergency database interpretation | 10 | ||
| Packed cell Volume and Plasma Total Solids | 10 | ||
| Gross Plasma Appearance | 10 | ||
| Blood Glucose Concentration | 10 | ||
| Azotaemia | 11 | ||
| Prerenal azotaemia | 11 | ||
| Renal azotaemia | 11 | ||
| Postrenal azotaemia | 12 | ||
| Peripheral Blood Smear Examination | 12 | ||
| Red blood cells | 12 | ||
| White blood cells | 12 | ||
| Platelets | 13 | ||
| Plasma Electrolytes | 14 | ||
| Potassium | 14 | ||
| Hyperkalaemia | 14 | ||
| Hypokalaemia | 14 | ||
| Sodium | 14 | ||
| Calcium | 15 | ||
| Hypercalcaemia | 16 | ||
| Hypocalcaemia | 16 | ||
| Urinalysis | 16 | ||
| Gross discoloration | 16 | ||
| Specific gravity | 17 | ||
| Dipstick analysis | 17 | ||
| Sediment examination | 17 | ||
| 4 Parenteral fluid therapy | 19 | ||
| Types of Parenteral Fluid | 19 | ||
| Crystalloids | 19 | ||
| Uses of isotonic crystalloid solutions | 20 | ||
| Synthetic colloids | 20 | ||
| Indications for synthetic colloid use | 20 | ||
| Adverse effects of synthetic colloids | 20 | ||
| Haemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solutions | 20 | ||
| The Fluid Plan | 21 | ||
| Hypovolaemia | 21 | ||
| How? | 22 | ||
| How much and for how long? | 22 | ||
| Isotonic crystalloids | 22 | ||
| Colloids | 22 | ||
| Approach to fluid resuscitation | 22 | ||
| Dehydration | 23 | ||
| How? | 23 | ||
| How much? | 23 | ||
| Replacement volume | 23 | ||
| Maintenance requirement | 24 | ||
| On-going losses | 24 | ||
| For how long? | 24 | ||
| Fluid Therapy Case Examples | 24 | ||
| Case example 1 – pulmonary pathology | 25 | ||
| Major body system examination | 25 | ||
| Assessment | 25 | ||
| Management discussion | 25 | ||
| Case example 2 – cardiac disease, intracranial hypertension | 26 | ||
| Major body system examination | 26 | ||
| Assessment | 26 | ||
| Section 2 Problem-Orientated Approach | 43 | ||
| 7 Abnormal urine or urination | 45 | ||
| Dysuria, Stranguria and Pollakiuria | 45 | ||
| Haematuria | 45 | ||
| Pigmenturia | 45 | ||
| 8 Acute abdomen | 46 | ||
| Acute Abdomen Look-Alikes | 46 | ||
| Spinal pain | 46 | ||
| Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s disease) | 47 | ||
| 9 Acute diarrhoea | 48 | ||
| Approach to Diarrhoea | 49 | ||
| Signalment | 49 | ||
| History | 49 | ||
| Major body system examination | 49 | ||
| Emergency database | 50 | ||
| Diagnostic imaging | 50 | ||
| Treatment | 50 | ||
| Haematochezia | 51 | ||
| Melaena | 51 | ||
| 10 Acute red eye and pain | 53 | ||
| 11 Acute vomiting | 54 | ||
| Approach to Vomiting | 54 | ||
| Signalment | 54 | ||
| History | 54 | ||
| Major body system examination | 55 | ||
| Emergency database | 55 | ||
| Diagnostic imaging | 56 | ||
| Treatment | 56 | ||
| 12 Cardiac dysrhythmias | 57 | ||
| Normal Cardiac Conduction | 57 | ||
| Tachydysrhythmias | 57 | ||
| Supraventricular tachycardia | 57 | ||
| Causes | 57 | ||
| Indications for treatment | 57 | ||
| Treatment | 58 | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | 58 | ||
| Causes | 58 | ||
| Indications for treatment | 59 | ||
| Treatment | 59 | ||
| Ventricular tachycardia | 59 | ||
| Causes | 59 | ||
| Indications for treatment | 60 | ||
| Treatment | 61 | ||
| Brady-dysrhythmias | 62 | ||
| Sinus brady-dysrhythmias | 62 | ||
| Section 3 Specific Disorders | 115 | ||
| 28 The trauma patient | 117 | ||
| Traumatic Brain Injury | 117 | ||
| Theory refresher | 117 | ||
| Minimizing secondary brain injury | 117 | ||
| Ensuring adequate oxygenation and ventilation | 118 | ||
| Ensuring adequate cerebral perfusion | 118 | ||
| Mean arterial pressure | 118 | ||
| Raised intracranial pressure | 118 | ||
| Neurological examination | 118 | ||
| Treatment | 119 | ||
| Prognosis | 119 | ||
| Case example 1 | 120 | ||
| Major body system examination | 120 | ||
| Assessment | 121 | ||
| Emergency database | 121 | ||
| Case management | 121 | ||
| Thoracic Injury | 123 | ||
| Theory refresher | 123 | ||
| Pneumothorax | 123 | ||
| Pulmonary contusions | 124 | ||
| Haemothorax | 124 | ||
| Rib fractures and flail segment | 124 | ||
| Case example 2 | 125 | ||
| Major body system examination | 125 | ||
| Assessment | 125 | ||
| Case management | 126 | ||
| Traumatic Diaphragmatic Rupture | 126 | ||
| Theory refresher | 126 | ||
| Diagnosis | 126 | ||
| Timing of surgical intervention | 126 | ||
| Case example 3 | 128 | ||
| Major body system examination | 128 | ||
| Assessment | 128 | ||
| Case management | 128 | ||
| Pelvic Fractures | 129 | ||
| Sacro-caudal and Tail Pull Injuries | 130 | ||
| Prognosis | 131 | ||
| Bite Wounds | 131 | ||
| Theory refresher | 131 | ||
| Case example 4 | 132 | ||
| Major body system examination | 133 | ||
| Assessment | 133 | ||
| Emergency database | 133 | ||
| Case management | 133 | ||
| Feline High-Rise Syndrome | 134 | ||
| 29 The acute abdomen | 135 | ||
| Septic (Bacterial) Peritonitis | 135 | ||
| Theory refresher | 135 | ||
| Free peritoneal fluid and gas | 135 | ||
| Cytology of peritoneal fluid | 135 | ||
| Case example 1 – surgical gastrointestinal wound dehiscence | 135 | ||
| Section 4 Additional Topics | 239 | ||
| 39 Notes on sedation and general anaesthesia | 241 | ||
| General Considerations | 241 | ||
| Potential risks of sedation and anaesthesia | 241 | ||
| Hypothermia | 241 | ||
| Maximizing patient safety prior to sedation and anaesthesia | 241 | ||
| Is general anaesthesia necessary? | 241 | ||
| Maximizing patient safety during general anaesthesia | 242 | ||
| Patient monitoring during general anaesthesia | 244 | ||
| Sedative and Anaesthetic Drugs | 244 | ||
| Benzodiazepines | 244 | ||
| Opioids | 245 | ||
| Medetomidine and dexmedetomidine | 245 | ||
| Contraindications for use | 245 | ||
| Absolute contraindications | 245 | ||
| Relative contraindications | 245 | ||
| Acepromazine | 245 | ||
| Ketamine | 245 | ||
| Contraindications | 245 | ||
| Propofol | 245 | ||
| Alfaxalone | 246 | ||
| Sedative combinations | 246 | ||
| Inhalation Anaesthesia | 246 | ||
| Induction | 246 | ||
| Maintenance | 246 | ||
| Considerations in Specific Disorders | 246 | ||
| Caesarean section | 246 | ||
| Anaesthetic considerations for dam | 246 | ||
| Anaesthetic considerations for neonates | 246 | ||
| Example anaesthetic protocol | 247 | ||
| Intractable blood loss: surgery for ruptured splenic haemangiosarcoma | 249 | ||
| Appendices | 263 | ||
| APPENDIX MCQs | 265 | ||
| APPENDIX MCQs – Answers | 270 | ||
| APPENDIX 1 Drug formulary | 272 | ||
| Additional Useful Information | 289 | ||
| Intravenous glucose supplementation | 289 | ||
| Intravenous potassium chloride supplementation | 289 | ||
| Conversion factors | 290 | ||
| APPENDIX 2 Procedures – equipment and techniques | 291 | ||
| In-Dwelling Nasal Oxygen Catheter Placement | 291 | ||
| Further reading | 300 | ||
| Books | 300 | ||
| Articles | 300 | ||
| Index | 303 |