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The SAGE Dictionary of Cultural Studies

The SAGE Dictionary of Cultural Studies

Chris Barker

(2004)

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Abstract

'A scholarly lexicon and stimulating -rough guide- for cultural studies as it confronts and navigates the shifting sands of past, present and future' - Tim O'Sullivan, Head of Media and Cultural Production, De Montfort University. 'I'm certain undergraduate and postgraduate readers will consider the Dictionary to be a highly useful resource. Taken together, the definitions provide a effective overview of the field' - Stuart Allan, Reader in Cultural Studies, University of the West of England, Bristol. 'Any student wishing to acquaint her or himself with the field of cultural studies will find this an enormously useful book' - Joke Hermes, Editor, European Journal of Cultural Studies and Lecturer in Television Studies, University of Amsterdam. Containing over 200 entries on key concepts and theorists, the Dictionary provides an unparalled guide to cultural studies. The definitions are authoritative, stimulating and written in an accessible styl and include eup-to-date entries on new concepts and innovative approaches.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
List of Tables and Figures ix
Preface xiii
Introduction 1
Other Indicators of the Importance of Agricultural Trade, 2
Some Historical Developments, 6
New Developments in World Trade, 10
Outline, 13
References, 14
Conceptualizing Comparative Advantage and the Gains from Trade 17
Absolute Advantage, 17
Comparative Advantage, 19
Modern Theory of Comparative Advantage and Gains from Trade, 24
Resource Endowment and Trade, 35
Arguments for Trade Barriers, 40
A Note on the Theory of the Second Best, 41
References, 42
Annex to Chapter 2: Proof of Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem, 44
Measuring Comparative Advantage, Protection, and the Gains
from Trade Liberalization 49
Policy Interventions, 49
Nominal Protection Coefficient, 49
Exchange Rate Distortion, 56
Effective Protection Coefficient, 58
Domestic Resource Costs: Measuring Comparative Advantage, 61
Producer and Consumer Subsidy Equivalents, 64
Classical Welfare Analysis, 67
A Note on Competitive Advantage, 72
Conclusions, 74
References, 74
4 Border Interventions: Taxes, Subsidies, and Quotas 77
Interventions by Importers, 78
Interventions by Exporters, 87
Import and Export Tax Symmetry, 95
Conclusions, 96
References, 96
5 Agricultural Commodity Programs and World Trade 99
Farm and Food Commodity Price Ceilings, 100
Productivity and Trade, 102
American Commodity Programs, 105
Mandatory Controls, 110
Self-Sufficiency Rice Policy in Japan, 112
European Community Policy, 115
Conclusions, 120
References, 121
6 Macroeconomic Policy, Exchange Rates, and Trade 123
The Foreign Exchange Market, 125
Determinants of Demand and Supply of Foreign Exchange, 129
Foreign Exchange, Supply-Demand Equilibrium, and Price Response, 134
Balance of Payments, 141
Macroeconomic Linkages, 143
The Economic Degradation Process, 147
Conclusions, 152
References, 153
Annex to Chapter 6: Derivation of Marshall-Lerner Condition, 155
7 Introduction to Strategic Trade Theory 157
Genesis, 157
The Theory of Games, 159
Theory of Duopoly, 163
Conjectural Variations, 175
Appropriateness of Strategic Trade Theory, 177
References, 178
8 Strategic Trade Theory, Market Power, and the Political Economy of Trade 181
Relating Strategic Trade Analysis to Traditional Analysis, 181
Tariffs, Quotas, and Imperfect Competition, 182
Gains from Market Power, 185
Grain Export Industry Performance, 194
Reinterpreting Orthodoxy in the Context of Modern Trade Theory, 196
Forms of Trade, 198
Other Political-Economic Considerations, 200
Conclusions, 201
References, 202
9 Institutions and Trade Policies 205
International Monetary Fund, 205
World Bank, 208
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 210
International Commodity Agreements, 219
Bloc or Regional Integration Institutions, 224
Conclusions, 227
References, 228
Annex to Chapter 9: The General Agreement Articles as of 1989, 230
10 Major Players in World Trade 233
Three Economic Superpowers, 233
Other Players, 238
Third-World Developments, 242
Justifications for Trade Barriers in Today's World, 245
Conclusions, 247
References, 248
11 American Agricultural Trade Policy 251
US Trade Institutions for Formulating and Administering Trade Policy, 251
US Trade Restrictions, 254
Agricultural Export Assistance, Preferences, and Promotion, 256
Economic Development Assistance, 261
New Directions for Trade Policy, 264
Trade Negotiation Strategy, 270
Conclusions, 279
References, 280
12 Agricultural Trade Models 283
Theoretical Research, 283
Empirical Models, 285
References, 290
Annex A to Chapter 12: A Multiregion, Multicommodity, Nonspatial,
Partial Equilibrium, Empirical Model Using Constant Elasticity
Behavioral Equations, 292
Annex B to Chapter 12: Policy Analysis with a Simple
Wheat Trade Model, 297
Glossary 301
Index 311
About the Book and Author 319