Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This text introduces students to the core concepts and principles of public health: the nature and scope of public health; its history; an introduction to health determinants and epidemiology; evidence-based practice in public health and understanding public health data plus more.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | cover | ||
| Introduction to Public Health | i | ||
| Copyright page | iv | ||
| Table of contents | v | ||
| Introduction | vii | ||
| Why is public health important? | vii | ||
| Defining and understanding public health | viii | ||
| How this book is organised | x | ||
| References | xi | ||
| About the authors | xiii | ||
| Acknowledgements | xvi | ||
| Reviewers | xvii | ||
| Section 1: History and History and Definitions of Public Health | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1: Defining health and public health | 3 | ||
| Learning objectives | 3 | ||
| Introduction | 3 | ||
| Defining health and ill-health | 4 | ||
| Defining public health: an art and a science? | 6 | ||
| Public health vision and values | 9 | ||
| Core functions of public health | 10 | ||
| What do public health practitioners do? | 12 | ||
| The World Health Organization agenda for public health | 13 | ||
| Public health in the Australian context | 16 | ||
| The future for public health? | 20 | ||
| A final word | 20 | ||
| References | 21 | ||
| Chapter 2: History and development of public health | 24 | ||
| Learning objectives | 24 | ||
| Introduction | 24 | ||
| The importance of the past in public health | 25 | ||
| Advancing population health – medical intervention or collective action? | 27 | ||
| For the sake of the public’s health? The ancient history of public health | 28 | ||
| The changing history of definitions of disease | 29 | ||
| The colonial era: colonisation and health | 30 | ||
| The Australian experience: colonisation and health | 31 | ||
| How Australia matured: influences on public health development | 32 | ||
| A general history of public health: evolution and influences | 32 | ||
| Applying the models | 42 | ||
| A final word | 42 | ||
| References | 44 | ||
| Chapter 3: Contemporary public health policy | 46 | ||
| Learning objectives | 46 | ||
| Introduction | 46 | ||
| What is policy? | 47 | ||
| Stages of the policy process | 47 | ||
| Types of public policies | 50 | ||
| What is policy for? | 51 | ||
| Politics and policy | 52 | ||
| Health economics | 53 | ||
| International developments and their impact on contemporary health policies | 54 | ||
| Health policy and the Australian health care system | 56 | ||
| Management and reform of health care | 58 | ||
| National public health priorities – an evolving agenda | 60 | ||
| The National HIV/AIDS strategy | 62 | ||
| The National Chronic Disease Strategy | 63 | ||
| The role of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare | 64 | ||
| A final word | 65 | ||
| Acknowledgement | 66 | ||
| Endnotes | 66 | ||
| Useful websites | 66 | ||
| References | 67 | ||
| Section 2: Determinants of Health | 71 | ||
| Chapter 4: Epidemiology | 75 | ||
| Learning objectives | 75 | ||
| Introduction | 75 | ||
| Defining epidemiology | 76 | ||
| Objectives of epidemiological studies | 77 | ||
| A brief history of epidemiology (1700s onwards) | 78 | ||
| Measuring the occurrence of exposures of interest and of health outcomes | 78 | ||
| Epidemiological study design | 83 | ||
| Observational epidemiology | 84 | ||
| Experimental epidemiology | 88 | ||
| Measures of association | 90 | ||
| Relative risk | 91 | ||
| Odds ratios | 93 | ||
| Sources of error in epidemiological studies | 93 | ||
| Summing it up | 99 | ||
| A final word | 101 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 101 | ||
| Useful websites | 101 | ||
| References | 101 | ||
| Chapter 5: Biological and environmental determinants | 103 | ||
| Learning objectives | 103 | ||
| Introduction | 103 | ||
| A complex web of determinants | 104 | ||
| Genetics and screening | 106 | ||
| Biological and behavioural determinants | 108 | ||
| Human interaction with the environment | 113 | ||
| Ecosystem services | 114 | ||
| Ecosystem services and human wellbeing | 115 | ||
| Ecosystem assessment | 116 | ||
| Environmental burden of disease | 117 | ||
| Environmental determinants in Australia | 119 | ||
| A final word | 123 | ||
| Useful websites | 125 | ||
| References | 125 | ||
| Chapter 6: Social and emotional determinants of health | 128 | ||
| Learning objectives | 128 | ||
| Introduction | 128 | ||
| Socioeconomic determinants and the health inequalities jigsaw | 129 | ||
| Socioeconomic characteristics that influence health | 131 | ||
| A public health framework to address the social determinants of health | 135 | ||
| Social and economic disadvantage and emotional health | 138 | ||
| The lifecourse approach | 140 | ||
| Role of social cohesion and social capital | 142 | ||
| A final word | 144 | ||
| Endnotes | 144 | ||
| Useful websites | 144 | ||
| References | 145 | ||
| Section 3: Ethics, Evidence and Practice | 149 | ||
| Chapter 7: Ethics and public health | 151 | ||
| Learning objectives | 151 | ||
| Introduction | 151 | ||
| Ethical frameworks, theories and concepts | 154 | ||
| Themes and debates in the development of ethics in public health | 156 | ||
| Related law and human rights discourse | 157 | ||
| Human rights | 157 | ||
| Applied ethics | 158 | ||
| The application of ethics in public health practice | 160 | ||
| Can ethical criteria be absolute? | 166 | ||
| Contemporary and future public health | 166 | ||
| A final word | 167 | ||
| Acknowledgement | 168 | ||
| Endnote | 168 | ||
| References | 168 | ||
| Chapter 8: Evidence-based practice | 172 | ||
| Learning objectives | 172 | ||
| Introduction | 172 | ||
| The evolution: evidence-based medicine | 173 | ||
| The nature of evidence and key concepts of evidence-based practice | 174 | ||
| The nature and scope of knowledge | 175 | ||
| Key concepts of evidence-based practice | 177 | ||
| What is evidence-based practice? | 178 | ||
| Putting evidence into practice – what is working? | 181 | ||
| Organisational structures | 185 | ||
| So what can we do about it? Finding the evidence | 187 | ||
| Evidence and policy development | 193 | ||
| A final word | 195 | ||
| Useful websites | 196 | ||
| References | 196 | ||
| Chapter 9: Planning and evaluation | 199 | ||
| Learning objectives | 199 | ||
| Introduction | 199 | ||
| Planning and evaluation in public health | 200 | ||
| Models of planning | 201 | ||
| Evaluation designs in practice | 211 | ||
| A final word | 215 | ||
| Useful websites | 218 | ||
| References | 218 | ||
| Section 4: Health Protection and Promotion | 221 | ||
| Chapter 10: Disease control and management | 224 | ||
| Learning objectives | 224 | ||
| Introduction | 224 | ||
| Defining chronic conditions and chronic disease | 225 | ||
| Continuum of care/integrated approach to chronic disease | 227 | ||
| Disease management programmes | 229 | ||
| Early detection and early treatment | 229 | ||
| Integration and continuity of prevention and care | 229 | ||
| Self-management | 230 | ||
| Chronic disease prevention and management – some issues | 230 | ||
| Defining infectious diseases | 231 | ||
| Medical microbiology | 232 | ||
| Microorganisms | 234 | ||
| Mechanism of infectious disease | 235 | ||
| Infectious disease management | 237 | ||
| Disease prevention | 237 | ||
| Surveillance, early recognition and early intervention | 241 | ||
| Infection control | 242 | ||
| Outbreak investigation and contact tracing | 243 | ||
| Barriers to effectively managing infectious diseases | 244 | ||
| A final word | 246 | ||
| Useful websites | 246 | ||
| References | 247 | ||
| Chapter 11: Environmental health | 250 | ||
| Learning objectives | 250 | ||
| Introduction | 250 | ||
| What is environmental health? | 251 | ||
| Environmental health hazards | 251 | ||
| The built environment | 257 | ||
| The occupational environment | 259 | ||
| The global environment | 261 | ||
| Global climate change | 263 | ||
| Environmental health management tools | 266 | ||
| A final word | 270 | ||
| Useful websites | 271 | ||
| References | 272 | ||
| Chapter 12: Disaster preparedness and public health | 275 | ||
| Learning objectives | 275 | ||
| Introduction | 275 | ||
| Defining disasters | 275 | ||
| Context | 277 | ||
| Principles of disaster management | 279 | ||
| Systems and structures | 290 | ||
| Special considerations | 291 | ||
| The role of the public health practitioner | 294 | ||
| A final word | 294 | ||
| References | 295 | ||
| Chapter 13: Health promotion | 296 | ||
| Learning objectives | 296 | ||
| Introduction | 296 | ||
| History of health education | 297 | ||
| The concept of wellness | 298 | ||
| Evolution and evidence for health promotion | 298 | ||
| Principles of health promotion | 300 | ||
| Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people’s concepts of health promotion | 302 | ||
| Strategies for health promotion | 305 | ||
| Health promotion in practice | 309 | ||
| Emerging challenges for health promotion | 315 | ||
| A final word | 317 | ||
| Endnote | 317 | ||
| Useful websites | 317 | ||
| References | 317 | ||
| Section 5: Contemporary Issues | 323 | ||
| Chapter 14: The impact of globalisation on health | 326 | ||
| Learning objectives | 326 | ||
| Introduction to globalisation | 326 | ||
| Globalisation in population health | 330 | ||
| The global public health community | 340 | ||
| A final word | 346 | ||
| Acknowledgement | 346 | ||
| References | 346 | ||
| Chapter 15: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health | 350 | ||
| Learning objectives | 350 | ||
| Introduction | 350 | ||
| Who are Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people? | 351 | ||
| Government policy | 353 | ||
| The National Aboriginal Health Strategy | 353 | ||
| Close the Gap | 354 | ||
| The Northern Territory Intervention | 356 | ||
| Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people today | 357 | ||
| Community and gendered health | 359 | ||
| Community-controlled health service sector | 363 | ||
| Research | 364 | ||
| Indigenous people in other parts of the world | 365 | ||
| A final word | 368 | ||
| Useful websites | 368 | ||
| References | 368 | ||
| Chapter 16: The future for public health | 373 | ||
| Learning objectives | 373 | ||
| Introduction | 373 | ||
| Public health challenges in the twenty-first century: balancing re-emerging issues and new developments | 376 | ||
| Solutions to public health issues | 377 | ||
| Future public health activity: the challenges | 377 | ||
| Globalisation and health | 379 | ||
| Dietary imbalance and physical inactivity | 379 | ||
| Population ageing | 380 | ||
| Sustainable ecological public health | 380 | ||
| Emerging and re-emerging infections | 381 | ||
| Genetics, biotechnology and information technology | 382 | ||
| The public health workforce: skills for a complex future | 382 | ||
| Strategic planning for public health: political will and action | 383 | ||
| Leadership and public health: establishing a research agenda | 383 | ||
| References | 385 | ||
| Reflection: Public health achievements and challenges in the twenty-first century | 388 | ||
| Introduction | 388 | ||
| Globalisation and health | 389 | ||
| Future challenges | 389 | ||
| Conclusion | 391 | ||
| References | 392 | ||
| Glossary | 393 | ||
| References | 399 | ||
| Index | 401 |