BOOK
Pathology of the Skin E-Book
J. Eduardo Calonje | Thomas Brenn | Alexander J Lazar | Phillip H. McKee
(2011)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
McKee's Pathology of the Skin is the most complete, in-depth resource on dermatopathology, covering etiology, pathogenesis, disease mechanisms, and recent genetic, molecular, and basic science data. Drs. J. Eduardo Calonje, Thomas Brenn, Alexander Lazar, and Phillip McKee present new illustrations, updated chapters, and coverage of new entities such as lymphomas, cutaneous tissue tumors, diseases of the nail, and more in this extensively revised fourth edition. This new edition is an absolute must for practicing dermatopathologists and general pathologists who sign out skin biopsies. It has over 5,000 images and new chapters on the pathology of HIV/AIDS, conjunctival tumors, sentinel lymph node biopsies, laboratory techniques in dermatopathology and a section on the pathology of salivary gland tumors. Also, the chapters on disorders of keratinization and diseases of the nails have been completely updated. With access to the full text, image and video bank online at www.expertconsult.com, you'll have convenient access to the guidance you need to formulate the most accurate reports.
- Recognize all the histological variations of any skin condition through coverage that integrates dermatopathology, clinical correlations, and clinical photographs.
- Easily reference key points thanks to bulleted lists of clinical features and differential diagnosis tables.
- Diagnose accurately using over 5,000 histopathologic and clinical illustrations that demonstrate the range of histologic manifestations.
- Stay current with updated and expanded coverage of diseases of the nail, cutaneous connective tissue tumors, tumors of the lymphoreticular system, and conjunctiva specimens.
- Minimize errors and formulate accurate reports by applying up-to-date molecular research tools, classification guidelines, immunohistochemical practices, and more.
- Effectively correlate your findings with clinical features through all-new, high-quality illustrations—none repeated from the previous editions—for each diagnostic entity.
- Access the fully searchable text online at www.expertconsult.com, along with a downloadable image bank and a link to PathConsult.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover\r | Cover | ||
| McKee’s Pathology of the \rSkin | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Contents\r | v | ||
| List of Contributors | vii | ||
| Preface to the fourth edition | x | ||
| Acknowledgements | xi | ||
| Dedications | xii | ||
| Glossary | xiii | ||
| Chapter 1: \rThe structure and function of skin | 1 | ||
| Properties of skin | 1 | ||
| Normal epidermal histology | 1 | ||
| Regional variations in skin anatomy | 2 | ||
| Skin development | 2 | ||
| Keratinocyte biology | 5 | ||
| Epidermal stem cells | 6 | ||
| Skin barrier | 8 | ||
| Skin immunity | 9 | ||
| Melanocytes | 10 | ||
| Merkel cells | 12 | ||
| Intercellular junctions | 13 | ||
| Pilosebaceous units | 15 | ||
| Eccrine glands | 17 | ||
| Apocrine glands | 19 | ||
| Dermal–epidermal junction | 21 | ||
| Dermal collagen | 22 | ||
| Dermal elastic tissue | 24 | ||
| Ground substance | 26 | ||
| Fibroblast biology | 26 | ||
| Cutaneous blood vessels and lymphatics | 27 | ||
| Nervous system of the skin | 28 | ||
| Subcutaneous fat | 30 | ||
| Chapter 2:\rSpecialized techniques in dermatopathology | 32 | ||
| Specimen fixation, grossing/ put-through, processing, embedding and sectioning | 32 | ||
| Routine and ‘special’ stains | 33 | ||
| Immunohistochemical techniques | 34 | ||
| Immunohistochemical techniques and trouble shooting | 34 | ||
| Immunofluorescence | 35 | ||
| Electron microscopy | 37 | ||
| Diagnosis of inherited skin diseases | 37 | ||
| Molecular techniques | 39 | ||
| Chromosomal karyotyping | 39 | ||
| Allelic imbalance | 39 | ||
| Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) | 40 | ||
| Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) | 42 | ||
| Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | 43 | ||
| Diagnosis of lymphomas | 43 | ||
| PCR analysis of cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates | 44 | ||
| TCR gene rearrangement in cutaneous lymphoproliferations | 44 | ||
| IG gene rearrangement in cutaneous lymphoproliferations | 45 | ||
| Chapter 3:\rDisorders of keratinization | 46 | ||
| Ichthyosis | 46 | ||
| Ichthyosis vulgaris | 46 | ||
| Clinical features | 46 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 47 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 48 | ||
| X-linked recessive ichthyosis | 49 | ||
| Clinical features | 49 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 49 | ||
| Syndromes with steroid sulfatase deficiency | 50 | ||
| Multiple sulfatase deficiency | 50 | ||
| Refsum syndrome | 50 | ||
| Clinical features | 50 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 51 | ||
| Autosomal recessive lamellar ichthyoses | 51 | ||
| Clinical features | 51 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 53 | ||
| Harlequin ichthyosis | 54 | ||
| Clinical features | 54 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 54 | ||
| Autosomal dominant lamellar ichthyosis | 55 | ||
| Chapter 4:\rInherited and autoimmune subepidermal blistering diseases | 99 | ||
| Split skin immunofluorescence | 100 | ||
| Immunoperoxidase antigen mapping | 101 | ||
| Epidermolysis bullosa | 101 | ||
| Clinical features | 104 | ||
| EB simplex (EBS) | 104 | ||
| Suprabasal EBS | 104 | ||
| Lethal acantholytic EB | 104 | ||
| Plakophilin deficiency (ectodermal dysplasia-skin fragility syndrome, McGrath syndrome) | 104 | ||
| Epidermolysis bullosa simplex superficialis | 104 | ||
| Basal EBS | 104 | ||
| EB simplex, localized (Weber-Cockayne; EB simplex of the hands and feet) | 104 | ||
| EBS, Dowling-Meara (EBS herpetiformis) | 104 | ||
| EBS, other generalized (includes Koebner variant) | 104 | ||
| EBS with mottled pigmentation | 105 | ||
| EBS with muscular dystrophy (pseudojunctional EB) | 105 | ||
| EBS with pyloric atresia | 105 | ||
| EBS, autosomal recessive | 106 | ||
| EBS, Ogna | 106 | ||
| EBS, migratory circinate | 106 | ||
| Hemidesmosomal EB | 106 | ||
| Junctional epidermolysis bullosa | 107 | ||
| Junctional EB, Herlitz (Herlitz, gravis variant of junctional EB, EB hereditaria letalis, EB atrophicans generalisata gravi ... | 107 | ||
| Junctional EB, Other | 107 | ||
| JEB, non-Herlitz, generalized (generalized non-Herlitz junctional EB, EB atrophicans generalisata mitis, generalized atroph ... | 107 | ||
| JEB, non-Herlitz, localized | 107 | ||
| JEB with pyloric atresia | 107 | ||
| JEB inversa | 107 | ||
| JEB-late onset (progressiva) | 107 | ||
| Laryngo-onycho-cutaneous (LOC) syndrome | 108 | ||
| Dystrophic EB | 108 | ||
| Dominant dystrophic EB | 108 | ||
| Dominant dystrophic EB, generalized | 108 | ||
| Dominant dystrophic EB, acral | 108 | ||
| Dominant dystrophic EB, pretibial | 109 | ||
| Dominant dystrophic EB, pruriginosa | 109 | ||
| Dominant dystrophic EB, bullous epidermolysis of the newborn | 109 | ||
| Recessive Dystrophic EB | 109 | ||
| Recessive dystrophic EB, severe generalized (Hallopeau-Siemens; polydysplastic EB; EB gravis) | 109 | ||
| Recessive dystrophic EB, generalized other | 111 | ||
| Recessive dystrophic EB, inversa | 111 | ||
| Recessive dystrophic EB, pretibial | 111 | ||
| Recessive dystrophic EB, pruriginosa | 111 | ||
| Recessive dystrophic EB, centripetalis | 111 | ||
| Recessive dystrophic EB, bullous dermolysis of the newborn | 111 | ||
| Kindler syndrome | 112 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 112 | ||
| EB simplex | 112 | ||
| Junctional EB | 114 | ||
| Dystrophic EB | 115 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 117 | ||
| Bullous pemphigoid | 117 | ||
| Clinical features | 117 | ||
| Generalized cutaneous pemphigoid | 117 | ||
| Clinical variants of generalized pemphigoid | 119 | ||
| Localized cutaneous pemphigoid | 119 | ||
| Mucosal pemphigoid/desquamative gingivitis | 120 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 121 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 127 | ||
| Pemphigoid gestationis | 127 | ||
| Clinical features | 127 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 129 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 130 | ||
| Lichen planus pemphigoides | 131 | ||
| Clinical features | 131 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 131 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 132 | ||
| Mucous membrane pemphigoid (cicatricial pemphigoid) | 133 | ||
| Clinical features | 133 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 135 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 137 | ||
| Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (dermolytic pemphigoid) | 137 | ||
| Clinical features | 138 | ||
| Classical variant | 138 | ||
| Bullous pemphigoid-like EBA | 138 | ||
| Mucous membrane pemphigoid-like variant | 139 | ||
| Brunsting-Perry variant | 139 | ||
| Linear IgA disease-like variant (IgA-EBA) | 139 | ||
| Childhood EBA | 139 | ||
| Systemic disease | 139 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 139 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 142 | ||
| Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus | 142 | ||
| Clinical features | 142 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 143 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 144 | ||
| Dermatitis herpetiformis | 144 | ||
| Clinical features | 144 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 145 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 147 | ||
| Linear IgA disease | 147 | ||
| Clinical features | 148 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 149 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 150 | ||
| Chapter 5:\rAcantholytic disorders | 151 | ||
| Introduction | 151 | ||
| Pemphigus | 151 | ||
| Pemphigus vulgaris | 152 | ||
| Clinical features | 152 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 153 | ||
| Endemic pemphigus vulgaris | 155 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 156 | ||
| Pemphigus vegetans | 156 | ||
| Clinical features | 156 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 157 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 157 | ||
| Pemphigus foliaceus | 157 | ||
| Clinical features | 157 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 159 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 160 | ||
| Endemic pemphigus foliaceus (fogo selvagem) | 160 | ||
| Clinical features | 160 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 161 | ||
| Chapter 6:\rSpongiotic, psoriasiform and pustular dermatoses | 180 | ||
| Eczematous dermatitis | 180 | ||
| Eczema – general considerations | 180 | ||
| Endogenous dermatitis | 180 | ||
| Atopic dermatitis | 180 | ||
| Clinical features | 180 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 181 | ||
| Seborrheic dermatitis | 182 | ||
| Clinical features | 182 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 182 | ||
| Discoid dermatitis (nummular eczema) | 183 | ||
| Chapter 7:\rLichenoid and interface dermatitis | 219 | ||
| Lichenoid dermatoses | 219 | ||
| Lichen planus | 219 | ||
| Clinical features | 219 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 223 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 229 | ||
| Lichen nitidus | 229 | ||
| Clinical features | 229 | ||
| Histological features | 230 | ||
| Comment | 230 | ||
| Lichenoid keratosis | 231 | ||
| Clinical features | 231 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 231 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 232 | ||
| Lichen striatus | 232 | ||
| Clinical features | 232 | ||
| Chapter 8: \rSuperficial and deep perivascular inflammatory dermatoses | 259 | ||
| Chronic superficial dermatitis | 259 | ||
| Histological features | 259 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 259 | ||
| Toxic erythema | 261 | ||
| Erythema annulare centrifugum | 261 | ||
| Clinical features | 261 | ||
| Histological features | 262 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 262 | ||
| Erythema gyratum repens | 263 | ||
| Clinical features | 263 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 263 | ||
| Chapter 9:\rGranulomatous, necrobiotic and perforating dermatoses | 281 | ||
| Sarcoidosis | 281 | ||
| Clinical features | 281 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 286 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 288 | ||
| Granuloma annulare | 288 | ||
| Clinical features | 288 | ||
| Localized granuloma annulare | 288 | ||
| Generalized granuloma annulare | 289 | ||
| Perforating granuloma annulare | 290 | ||
| Subcutaneous (deep) granuloma annulare | 290 | ||
| Papular granuloma annulare | 290 | ||
| Linear granuloma annulare | 290 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 290 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 295 | ||
| Necrobiosis lipoidica | 295 | ||
| Clinical features | 295 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 296 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 299 | ||
| Rheumatoid nodule | 300 | ||
| Clinical features | 300 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 301 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 301 | ||
| Elastolytic granulomata | 302 | ||
| Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma | 302 | ||
| Chapter 10:\rInflammatory diseases of the subcutaneous fat | 326 | ||
| Erythema nodosum | 327 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 329 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 332 | ||
| Erythema nodosum-like lesions in Behçet’s disease | 332 | ||
| Weber-Christian disease | 332 | ||
| a 1 -Antitrypsin deficiency-associated panniculitis | 333 | ||
| Clinical features | 333 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 333 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 333 | ||
| Factitial and traumatic panniculitis | 334 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 335 | ||
| Cold panniculitis | 337 | ||
| Histological features | 337 | ||
| Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis | 337 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 338 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 338 | ||
| Subcutaneous Whipple’s disease | 339 | ||
| Histological features | 339 | ||
| Pancreatic panniculitis | 339 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 340 | ||
| Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn | 340 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 341 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 342 | ||
| Sclerema neonatorum | 343 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 343 | ||
| Cutaneous oxalosis | 343 | ||
| Histological features | 344 | ||
| Calciphylaxis | 344 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 345 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 345 | ||
| Crystal-storing histiocytosis | 346 | ||
| Histological features | 346 | ||
| Gouty panniculitis | 346 | ||
| Nodular vasculitis | 346 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 347 | ||
| Chapter 11:\rDiseases of the oral mucosa | 362 | ||
| Introduction | 363 | ||
| Hereditary conditions | 364 | ||
| Macular lesions | 364 | ||
| White sponge nevus | 364 | ||
| Chapter 12:\rDiseases of the anogenital skin | 437 | ||
| Introduction | 438 | ||
| Normal female anatomy | 438 | ||
| Chapter 13:\rDegenerative and metabolic diseases | 520 | ||
| The hyperlipidemias | 520 | ||
| Eruptive xanthomata | 522 | ||
| Clinical features | 522 | ||
| Histological features | 522 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 523 | ||
| Tendinous xanthomata | 523 | ||
| Clinical features | 523 | ||
| Histological features | 525 | ||
| Tuberous xanthomata | 525 | ||
| Clinical features | 525 | ||
| Histological features | 526 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 526 | ||
| Planar xanthomata | 527 | ||
| Clinical features | 527 | ||
| Histological features | 528 | ||
| Verruciform xanthoma | 528 | ||
| Clinical features | 528 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 529 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 530 | ||
| Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum | 530 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 531 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 532 | ||
| The amyloidoses | 532 | ||
| Primary and myeloma-associated systemic amyloidoses | 534 | ||
| Clinical features | 534 | ||
| Histological features | 536 | ||
| Secondary amyloidosis | 536 | ||
| Hemodialysis-associated amyloidosis | 536 | ||
| Clinical features | 536 | ||
| Chapter 14: \rCutaneous adverse reactions to drugs | 590 | ||
| Adverse drug reactions – Introduction | 590 | ||
| Type A drug reactions | 591 | ||
| Side effects | 591 | ||
| Drug toxicity | 591 | ||
| Drug interactions | 591 | ||
| Type B drug reactions | 591 | ||
| Idiosyncratic drug reactions | 591 | ||
| Exacerbation of a pre-existing condition | 591 | ||
| Pseudoallergic drug reactions | 591 | ||
| Type C drug reactions | 591 | ||
| IgE-mediated type 1 cutaneous reactions | 591 | ||
| Immune complex-associated type 3 reactions | 592 | ||
| Delayed hypersensitivity type 4 reactions | 592 | ||
| Adverse drug reactions – clinical manifestations | 592 | ||
| Exanthematous reactions | 592 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 593 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 593 | ||
| Urticarial reactions, angioedema and anaphylaxis | 594 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 594 | ||
| Serum sickness/serum sickness-like drug reactions | 594 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 595 | ||
| Phototoxic and photoallergic reactions | 595 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 596 | ||
| Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome | 597 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 598 | ||
| Lichenoid and interface drug reactions | 598 | ||
| Histological features | 599 | ||
| Fixed drug eruptions | 599 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 600 | ||
| Erythema multiforme | 601 | ||
| Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis | 601 | ||
| Drug-induced hyperpigmentation | 601 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 603 | ||
| Vasculitic drug reactions | 604 | ||
| Purpuric drug reactions | 605 | ||
| Chapter 15: \rNeutrophilic and eosinophilic dermatoses | 631 | ||
| Pyoderma gangrenosum | 631 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 634 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 635 | ||
| Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis | 636 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 637 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 638 | ||
| Neutrophilic dermatoses associated with gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disease | 639 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 639 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 639 | ||
| Rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatitis | 640 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 640 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 640 | ||
| Arthropod and arachnid bite reactions | 641 | ||
| Brown recluse spider | 641 | ||
| Widow spiders | 641 | ||
| Hobo spider | 642 | ||
| Histological features | 642 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 642 | ||
| Seabather’s eruption and coelenterate stings | 643 | ||
| Histological features | 644 | ||
| Chapter 16:\rVascular diseases | 658 | ||
| Introduction | 658 | ||
| Leukocytoclastic vasculitis | 658 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 662 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 664 | ||
| Henoch-Schönlein purpura | 664 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 665 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 665 | ||
| Infantile acute hemorrhagic edema | 665 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 666 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 666 | ||
| Urticarial vasculitis | 666 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 667 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 667 | ||
| Polyarteritis nodosa and microscopic polyangiitis | 667 | ||
| Clinical features | 667 | ||
| Classical polyarteritis nodosa | 667 | ||
| Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa | 670 | ||
| Microscopic polyangiitis | 670 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 670 | ||
| Polyarteritis nodosa | 670 | ||
| Microscopic polyangiitis | 672 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 673 | ||
| Wegener's granulomatosis | 673 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 674 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 676 | ||
| Allergic granulomatosis with angiitis | 677 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 678 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 678 | ||
| Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome | 679 | ||
| Clinical features | 679 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 681 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 681 | ||
| Granuloma faciale | 681 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 682 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 683 | ||
| Erythema elevatum diutinum | 684 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 684 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 685 | ||
| Behçet's disease | 686 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 688 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 688 | ||
| Thromboangiitis obliterans | 688 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 689 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 689 | ||
| Temporal arteritis | 689 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 691 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 692 | ||
| Juvenile temporal arteritis | 692 | ||
| Histological features | 692 | ||
| Takayasu's arteritis | 692 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 693 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 693 | ||
| Infection-related vasculitis | 694 | ||
| Paraneoplastic vasculitis | 695 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 695 | ||
| Vasculitis associated with palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis | 696 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 696 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 696 | ||
| Lymphocytic vasculitis | 696 | ||
| Malignant atrophic papulosis | 697 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 697 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 698 | ||
| Atrophie blanche | 699 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 699 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 700 | ||
| Dermatological manifestations of cholesterol crystal embolism and embolism from atrial myxoma | 700 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 701 | ||
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation | 701 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 702 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 703 | ||
| Cryoglobulinemia | 703 | ||
| Clinical features | 703 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 704 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 705 | ||
| Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and Sneddon's syndrome | 705 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 706 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 706 | ||
| Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome | 706 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 707 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 707 | ||
| Immune thrombocytopenic purpura | 707 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 708 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 708 | ||
| Factor V (Leiden) mutation | 708 | ||
| Histological features | 708 | ||
| Hypergammaglobulinemic purpura | 708 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 709 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 709 | ||
| Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D syndrome | 709 | ||
| Chapter 17:\rIdiopathic connective tissue disorders | 711 | ||
| Lupus erythematosus | 711 | ||
| Clinical features | 711 | ||
| Discoid lupus erythematosus | 711 | ||
| Verrucous (hypertrophic) discoid lupus erythematosus | 712 | ||
| Lupus erythematosus tumidus | 713 | ||
| Chilblain lupus erythematosus | 714 | ||
| Lupus erythematosus-erythema multiforme-like syndrome | 714 | ||
| Lupus erythematosus profundus | 715 | ||
| DLE and chronic granulomatous disease | 715 | ||
| Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus | 717 | ||
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 718 | ||
| Neonatal lupus erythematosus | 721 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 721 | ||
| Discoid lupus erythematosus | 726 | ||
| Lupus erythematosus profundus | 730 | ||
| Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus | 730 | ||
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 731 | ||
| Neonatal lupus erythematosus | 733 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 733 | ||
| Systemic sclerosis | 734 | ||
| Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis | 734 | ||
| Diffuse systemic sclerosis | 737 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 738 | ||
| Localized scleroderma | 743 | ||
| Clinical features | 743 | ||
| Plaque-form and linear morphea | 743 | ||
| Guttate morphea | 745 | ||
| Generalized morphea | 746 | ||
| Subcutaneous scleroderma | 746 | ||
| Disabling pansclerotic morphea of children | 746 | ||
| Associated conditions | 746 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 746 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 747 | ||
| Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini | 748 | ||
| Chapter 18:\rInfectious diseases of the skin | 760 | ||
| Viral infections | 761 | ||
| Common wart | 761 | ||
| Clinical features | 761 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 763 | ||
| Plantar warts | 763 | ||
| Histological features | 764 | ||
| Plane warts | 766 | ||
| Histological features | 766 | ||
| Condyloma acuminatum | 767 | ||
| Histological features | 768 | ||
| Bowenoid papulosis | 769 | ||
| Histological features | 769 | ||
| Epidermodysplasia verruciformis | 769 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 770 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 771 | ||
| Herpes simplex virus infections | 771 | ||
| Clinical features | 771 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 774 | ||
| Varicella and herpes zoster | 776 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 778 | ||
| Cytomegalovirus infections | 779 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 779 | ||
| Exanthem subitum | 780 | ||
| Histological features | 780 | ||
| Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis | 780 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 780 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 781 | ||
| Diseases caused by orthopox viruses | 781 | ||
| Variola | 781 | ||
| Vaccinia | 781 | ||
| Cowpox | 781 | ||
| Monkeypox | 781 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 782 | ||
| Milker's nodule | 783 | ||
| Histological features | 783 | ||
| Ecthyma contagiosum | 783 | ||
| Histological features | 784 | ||
| Molluscum contagiosum | 785 | ||
| Histological features | 786 | ||
| Hand, foot, and mouth disease | 787 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 787 | ||
| Viral hemorrhagic fevers | 788 | ||
| Chapter 19:\rHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated cutaneous diseases | 896 | ||
| Introduction | 896 | ||
| HIV-associated papulosquamous dermatoses | 896 | ||
| HIV-associated seborrheic dermatitis | 896 | ||
| Clinical features | 896 | ||
| Chapter 20:\rDisorders of pigmentation | 912 | ||
| Disorders of hypopigmentation | 912 | ||
| Vitiligo | 912 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 914 | ||
| Neurogenic hypothesis | 914 | ||
| Self-destruction theory | 914 | ||
| Autoimmune hypothesis | 915 | ||
| Histological features | 915 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 915 | ||
| Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease | 915 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 915 | ||
| Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis | 916 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 916 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 916 | ||
| Oculocutaneous albinism | 916 | ||
| Oculocutaneous albinism type IA | 917 | ||
| Chapter 21:\rDiseases of collagen and elastic tissue | 935 | ||
| Introduction | 935 | ||
| Diseases of collagen: Âgeneralized disorders | 935 | ||
| Ehlers-Danlos syndrome | 935 | ||
| Classical type EDS (Berlin types I and II) | 936 | ||
| Hypermobility type EDS (Berlin type III) | 936 | ||
| Vascular type EDS (Berlin type IV) | 937 | ||
| Kyphoscoliosis type EDS (Berlin type VI) | 937 | ||
| Arthrochalasia type EDS (Berlin types VIIA and VIIB) | 937 | ||
| Dermatosparaxis type EDS (Berlin type VIIC) | 937 | ||
| Other types of EDS (Berlin types V, VIII, X) | 938 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 938 | ||
| Aplasia cutis congenita | 938 | ||
| Histological features | 939 | ||
| Focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome | 940 | ||
| Cutaneous defects | 940 | ||
| Skeletal defects | 940 | ||
| Ocular, oral, dental and aural defects | 940 | ||
| Soft tissue and other defects | 940 | ||
| Histological features | 940 | ||
| Angiofibromas (adenoma sebaceum) and tuberous sclerosis | 941 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 942 | ||
| Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis | 944 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 945 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 946 | ||
| Restrictive dermopathy | 946 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 947 | ||
| Diseases of collagen: localized disorders | 947 | ||
| White fibrous papulosis | 947 | ||
| Chapter 22:\rDiseases of the hair | 967 | ||
| Introduction | 967 | ||
| Diagnosis, history, and laboratory tests | 968 | ||
| History | 968 | ||
| Laboratory tests | 968 | ||
| Hair-pluck test (trichogram) | 968 | ||
| Hair-pull test | 968 | ||
| Daily hair shedding count | 968 | ||
| Hair window | 968 | ||
| Microscopic examination | 968 | ||
| Hair shaft examination | 968 | ||
| Hair bulb examination | 969 | ||
| Trichoscan | 969 | ||
| Scalp biopsy and biopsy report | 969 | ||
| Hair biopsy report | 971 | ||
| Embryology and anatomy of the normal hair follicle | 972 | ||
| Embryology | 972 | ||
| Anatomy | 972 | ||
| Hair cycle | 979 | ||
| Hair follicle immune privilege | 982 | ||
| Classification of alopecia | 982 | ||
| Nonscarring alopecias | 982 | ||
| Androgenetic alopecia | 982 | ||
| Clinical features | 982 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 983 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 986 | ||
| Temporal triangular alopecia | 986 | ||
| Clinical features | 986 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 986 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 987 | ||
| Alopecia areata | 987 | ||
| Clinical features | 987 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 991 | ||
| Early stages | 993 | ||
| Late stage | 993 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 993 | ||
| Trichotillomania | 996 | ||
| Traumatic alopecias | 995 | ||
| Clinical features | 996 | ||
| Histological features | 997 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 1000 | ||
| Pressure alopecia | 1000 | ||
| Clinical features | 1000 | ||
| Chapter 23:\rDiseases of the nails | 1051 | ||
| Introduction | 1051 | ||
| Anatomy and physiology of the nail apparatus | 1051 | ||
| Nail biopsy | 1052 | ||
| Histology of the normal nail | 1052 | ||
| Nail matrix and nail bed | 1052 | ||
| Nail plate | 1054 | ||
| Infectious diseases of the nail | 1054 | ||
| Onychomycosis | 1054 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 1054 | ||
| Periungual warts and other nail infections | 1056 | ||
| Clinical features 1 | 1056 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 1057 | ||
| Inflammatory diseases of the nail | 1057 | ||
| Psoriasis | 1057 | ||
| Histological features | 1057 | ||
| Chapter 24:\rTumors of the surface epithelium | 1076 | ||
| Epidermal nevi | 1076 | ||
| Schimmelpenning syndrome | 1077 | ||
| Nevus comedonicus syndrome | 1077 | ||
| Pigmented hairy epidermal nevus syndrome | 1077 | ||
| Proteus syndrome | 1077 | ||
| CHILD syndrome | 1078 | ||
| Phakomatosis pigmentokeratotica | 1078 | ||
| Histological features | 1078 | ||
| Cornu cutaneum | 1079 | ||
| Acanthoma fissuratum | 1079 | ||
| Histological features | 1079 | ||
| Seborrheic keratosis | 1079 | ||
| Histological features | 1080 | ||
| Dermatosis papulosa nigra | 1082 | ||
| Histological features | 1082 | ||
| Large cell acanthoma | 1082 | ||
| Chapter 25:\rMelanocytic nevi | 1150 | ||
| Ephelide | 1150 | ||
| Histological features | 1150 | ||
| Lentigo simplex | 1151 | ||
| Histological features | 1151 | ||
| Labial melanotic macule and labial lentigo | 1152 | ||
| Laugier-Hunziker syndrome | 1152 | ||
| Oral melanoacanthoma | 1152 | ||
| Cutaneous melanoacanthoma | 1152 | ||
| Peutz-Jeghers syndrome | 1152 | ||
| Genital lentiginosis | 1152 | ||
| Acral lentigo | 1152 | ||
| Histological features | 1153 | ||
| Multiple lentigines syndrome | 1153 | ||
| Carney’s complex | 1153 | ||
| Centrofacial lentiginosis | 1153 | ||
| Chapter 26:\rMelanoma | 1221 | ||
| Melanoma | 1221 | ||
| Clinical features | 1221 | ||
| Lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma | 1222 | ||
| Superficial spreading melanoma | 1223 | ||
| Acral lentiginous melanoma | 1223 | ||
| Nodular melanoma | 1224 | ||
| Melanoma arising at noncutaneous (primarily mucosal) sites | 1224 | ||
| Histological features | 1225 | ||
| Lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma | 1226 | ||
| Superficial spreading melanoma (pagetoid melanoma) | 1228 | ||
| Acral lentiginous melanoma | 1228 | ||
| Nodular melanoma | 1229 | ||
| Cell types | 1230 | ||
| Epithelioid cells | 1230 | ||
| Spindled cells | 1230 | ||
| Prognostic indicators | 1231 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 1237 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry of melanoma | 1237 | ||
| Histological variants of melanoma | 1239 | ||
| Minimal deviation melanoma | 1239 | ||
| Nevoid melanoma | 1240 | ||
| Small cell melanoma | 1240 | ||
| Spitzoid melanoma | 1241 | ||
| Signet ring cell melanoma | 1243 | ||
| Rhabdoid melanoma | 1244 | ||
| Balloon and clear cell melanoma | 1245 | ||
| Myxoid melanoma | 1246 | ||
| Melanoma with neuroendocrine differentiation | 1247 | ||
| Adenoid and pseudopapillary melanoma | 1247 | ||
| Blue nevus-like melanoma (malignant blue nevus) | 1247 | ||
| Clinical features | 1247 | ||
| Histological features | 1248 | ||
| Angiotropic and angiomatoid (pseudovascular) melanoma | 1250 | ||
| Metaplastic melanoma (melanoma with heterologous differentiation) | 1250 | ||
| Pigment synthesizing melanoma (animal-type melanoma) | 1250 | ||
| Clinical features | 1250 | ||
| Histological features | 1251 | ||
| Epidermotropic metastatic melanoma | 1251 | ||
| Blue nevus-like metastatic melanoma | 1252 | ||
| Desmoplastic and neurotropic melanoma | 1252 | ||
| Clinical features | 1253 | ||
| Histological features | 1253 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 1257 | ||
| Melanoma in children | 1257 | ||
| Histological features | 1258 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 1259 | ||
| Dermal squamomelanocytic tumor | 1259 | ||
| Histological features | 1259 | ||
| Basomelanocytic tumor | 1260 | ||
| Histological Features | 1260 | ||
| Lentiginous melanoma | 1261 | ||
| Histologic Features | 1261 | ||
| Primary dermal melanoma | 1261 | ||
| Histologic features | 1262 | ||
| Molecular classification of melanoma | 1262 | ||
| Melanoma epidemiology | 1262 | ||
| Melanoma and UV radiation | 1262 | ||
| Melanoma is comprised of distinct subtypes | 1263 | ||
| Melanomas on sun-exposed skin | 1263 | ||
| Melanomas arising on relatively or absolutely UV protected sites | 1264 | ||
| Melanocytic tumors arising without associations to epithelial structures | 1266 | ||
| Summary | 1267 | ||
| Chapter 27:\rTumors of the conjunctiva | 1268 | ||
| Introduction | 1268 | ||
| Examination | 1269 | ||
| Classification | 1269 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 1269 | ||
| Benign epithelial tumors | 1271 | ||
| Squamous cell papilloma | 1271 | ||
| Chapter 28:\rSentinel lymph node biopsies | 1296 | ||
| Introduction | 1296 | ||
| Laboratory management and gross evaluation of sentinel nodes | 1297 | ||
| Confirmation of the sentinel status of submitted lymph nodes | 1298 | ||
| Can tissue from a sentinel node ethically be made available for research? | 1298 | ||
| Intraoperative evaluation of sentinel nodes | 1299 | ||
| The need to evaluate multiple levels of the sentinel node | 1299 | ||
| Sectioning | 1299 | ||
| The role of immunohistochemistry in the detection of tumor in sentinel nodes | 1300 | ||
| Microscopic evaluation of sentinel nodes for metastatic melanoma | 1305 | ||
| Separation of collections of nevus cells in sentinel nodes from metastatic melanoma | 1307 | ||
| What is the role of SNB in the evaluation of melanocytic lesions of uncertain metastatic potential? | 1308 | ||
| Molecular biology techniques in the assessment of sentinel nodes from melanoma patients | 1308 | ||
| Prediction of outcome based on the extent of nodal replacement by tumor and its distribution within the sentinel node | 1308 | ||
| Pathological evaluation of nonsentinel nodes | 1309 | ||
| Lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy for nonmelanocytic neoplasms | 1309 | ||
| Reporting the sentinel node | 1309 | ||
| Chapter 29:\rCutaneous lymphoproliferative diseases and related disorders | 1311 | ||
| Classification of lymphomas | 1312 | ||
| T-cell lymphomas | 1313 | ||
| Mycosis fungoides | 1313 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 1316 | ||
| Patch stage mycosis fungoides | 1318 | ||
| Plaque stage mycosis fungoides | 1320 | ||
| Tumor stage mycosis fungoides | 1321 | ||
| Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy with lymph \nnode involvement | 1323 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 1324 | ||
| Transformation of mycosis fungoides | 1325 | ||
| Classic mycosis fungoides with unusual clinical manifestations | 1326 | ||
| MF in children and adolescents | 1326 | ||
| Chapter 30:\rCutaneous metastases and Paget's disease of the skin | 1421 | ||
| Cutaneous metastases | 1421 | ||
| Clinical features | 1421 | ||
| Incidence, primary sites and chronology of presentation | 1421 | ||
| Rare cutaneous metastases | 1426 | ||
| Prognosis | 1427 | ||
| Histological features | 1427 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and fine needle aspiration cytology | 1427 | ||
| Individual tumors | 1430 | ||
| Squamous carcinoma | 1430 | ||
| Adenocarcinoma | 1430 | ||
| Mucinous carcinoma | 1434 | ||
| Adenoid cystic carcinoma | 1434 | ||
| Choriocarcinoma | 1435 | ||
| Clear cell carcinoma | 1436 | ||
| Neuroendocrine carcinoma (small cell carcinoma) | 1436 | ||
| Mesothelioma | 1437 | ||
| Carcinoid tumor | 1438 | ||
| Metastatic melanoma | 1438 | ||
| Mammary and extramammary Paget's disease | 1439 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 1440 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 1443 | ||
| Chapter 31:\rTumors of the hair follicle | 1445 | ||
| Hair nevi | 1445 | ||
| Hair follicle nevus | 1445 | ||
| Histological features | 1445 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 1445 | ||
| Woolly hair nevus | 1445 | ||
| Histological features | 1446 | ||
| Comedo nevus | 1446 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 1446 | ||
| Basaloid follicular hamartoma | 1446 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 1447 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 1448 | ||
| Dilated pore | 1448 | ||
| Chapter 32:\rTumors and related lesions of the sebaceous glands | 1488 | ||
| Ectopic sebaceous glands | 1488 | ||
| Histological features | 1488 | ||
| Sebaceous hyperplasia | 1488 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 1489 | ||
| Nevus sebaceus | 1489 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 1491 | ||
| Steatocystoma and sebocystomatosis | 1492 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 1492 | ||
| Sebaceous adenoma | 1494 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 1495 | ||
| Sebaceous epithelioma | 1496 | ||
| Sebaceoma | 1496 | ||
| Histological features | 1497 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 1498 | ||
| Superficial epithelioma with sebaceous differentiation | 1499 | ||
| Histological features | 1499 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 1500 | ||
| Sebomatricoma | 1500 | ||
| Basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation | 1500 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 1500 | ||
| Sebaceous carcinoma | 1501 | ||
| Periocular sebaceous carcinoma | 1501 | ||
| Extraocular sebaceous carcinoma | 1501 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 1502 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 1505 | ||
| Muir-Torre syndrome | 1505 | ||
| Mantleoma | 1507 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 1507 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 1507 | ||
| Other cutaneous tumors showing sebaceous differentiation | 1507 | ||
| Chapter 33:\rTumors of the sweat glands | 1508 | ||
| Apocrine nevus | 1508 | ||
| Histological features | 1508 | ||
| Apocrine hidrocystoma and \napocrine cystadenoma | 1508 | ||
| Histological features | 1509 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 1509 | ||
| Hybrid epidermoid and apocrine cyst | 1510 | ||
| Histological features | 1510 | ||
| Syringocystadenoma papilliferum | 1510 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 1511 | ||
| Syringocystadenocarcinoma papilliferum | 1512 | ||
| Histological features | 1512 | ||
| Hidradenoma papilliferum | 1512 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 1512 | ||
| Tubular apocrine adenoma | 1513 | ||
| Histological features | 1513 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 1514 | ||
| Adenoma and adenocarcinoma of the anogenital mammary-like glands | 1515 | ||
| Nipple adenoma | 1515 | ||
| Chapter 34:\rCutaneous cysts | 1571 | ||
| Follicular cysts | 1571 | ||
| Epidermoid cyst | 1571 | ||
| Clinical features | 1571 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 1572 | ||
| Proliferating epidermoid cyst | 1574 | ||
| Clinical features | 1574 | ||
| Histological features | 1574 | ||
| Hybrid cyst | 1574 | ||
| Verrucous cyst | 1575 | ||
| Chapter 35:\rConnective tissue tumors | 1588 | ||
| Introduction | 1589 | ||
| Adipocytic tumors | 1590 | ||
| Benign adipocytic tumors | 1590 | ||
| Lipoma | 1590 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 1590 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 1591 | ||
| Angiolipoma | 1592 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 1592 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 1593 | ||
| Spindle cell lipoma | 1593 | ||
| Pathogenesis and histological features | 1593 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 1594 | ||
| Mammary-type myofibroblastoma \nof soft tissue | 1594 | ||
| Index\r | 1769 |