BOOK
Toxicology Handbook
Lindsay Murray | Mark Little | Ovidiu Pascu | Kerry Anne Hoggett | Frank Daly | Mike Cadogan
(2010)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
An updated guide to the approach, assessment and management of poisoned patients Poisoning is a common emergency department presentation, and is the third major cause of hospital admission in Australia. The new edition of this all-encompassing toxicology reference describes the risk assessment-based approach pioneered by its principal authors. The Toxicology Handbook is written for hospital-based doctors at all levels and is divided into six sections, including an approach to the poisoned patient, specific toxins, antidotes, toxinology and antivenom. It also deals with specific toxicology considerations like alcohol abuse, dependence and withdrawal, and poisoning in children and the elderly. Important locally relevant information on bites, stings and envenoming is also included. The concise layout of this didactic medical guide enables readers to quickly locate required information – essential in a poisoning emergency. Established as a primary reference in Australian Poisons Information Centres, the Toxicology Handbook is useful for doctors, nurses, ambulance service paramedics and pharmacists alike.
• all chapters and references reviewed and updated• a major review of snake bite management and snake antivenoms in light of new evidence
• new chapters on mushroom poisoning, plant poisoning, amphetamine abuse and solvent abuse
• new chapters on poisoning with newer anticonvulsant drugs, barbiturates, button batteries, chloral hydrate, local anaesthetic agents, quinine and tramadol
• a new antidote chapter on intravenous lipid emulsion
• book chapters have been reorganised for enhanced clinical usability – for example, consolidation of drugs of abuse
• now available in an enhanced electronic format
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| TOXICOLOGY HANDBOOK | iii | ||
| Copyright\r | iv | ||
| CONTENTS | v | ||
| FOREWORD | ix | ||
| PREFACE | x | ||
| AUTHORS\r | xi | ||
| CONTRIBUTORS | xi | ||
| REVIEWERS | xii | ||
| Chapter 1 - Approach to the poisoned patient | 1 | ||
| 1.1 OVERVIEW | 2 | ||
| 1.2 RESUSCITATION | 4 | ||
| 1.3 RISK ASSESSMENT | 10 | ||
| 1.4 SUPPORTIVE CARE AND MONITORING | 13 | ||
| 1.5 INVESTIGATIONS | 15 | ||
| 1.6 GASTROINTESTINAL DECONTAMINATION | 17 | ||
| 1.7 ENHANCED ELIMINATION | 24 | ||
| 1.8 ANTIDOTES | 29 | ||
| 1.9 DISPOSITION | 30 | ||
| Chapter 2 - Specific considerations | 35 | ||
| 2.1 APPROACH TO SNAKEBITE | 36 | ||
| 2.2 APPROACH TO MUSHROOM POISONING | 44 | ||
| 2.3 APPROACH TO PLANT POISONING | 50 | ||
| 2.4 COMA | 55 | ||
| 2.5 HYPOTENSION | 59 | ||
| 2.6 APPROACH TO SEIZURES | 61 | ||
| 2.7 DELIRIUM AND AGITATION | 62 | ||
| 2.8 SEROTONIN SYNDROME | 66 | ||
| 2.9 ANTICHOLINERGIC SYNDROME | 72 | ||
| 2.10 CHOLINERGIC SYNDROME | 76 | ||
| 2.11 NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME | 80 | ||
| 2.12 ALCOHOL ABUSE, DEPENDENCE AND WITHDRAWAL\r | 85 | ||
| 2.13 AMPHETAMINE ABUSE, DEPENDENCE AND WITHDRAWAL\r | 93 | ||
| 2.14 OPIOID DEPENDENCE AND WITHDRAWAL | 94 | ||
| 2.15 SEDATIVE-HYPNOTIC DEPENDENCE AND WITHDRAWAL\r | 97 | ||
| 2.16 SOLVENT ABUSE, DEPENDENCE AND WITHDRAWAL\r | 100 | ||
| 2.17 BODY PACKERS AND STUFFERS | 104 | ||
| 2.18 OSMOLALITY AND THE OSMOLAR GAP | 107 | ||
| 2.19 ACID–BASE DISORDERS | 109 | ||
| 2.20 THE -LEAD ECG IN TOXICOLOGY | 113 | ||
| 2.21 POISONING DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION\r | 119 | ||
| 2.22 POISONING IN CHILDREN | 120 | ||
| 2.23 POISONING IN THE ELDERLY | 126 | ||
| Chapter 3 - SPECIFIC TOXINS\r | 127 | ||
| 3.1 ALCOHOL: ETHANOL | 130 | ||
| 3.2 ALCOHOL: ETHYLENE GLYCOL | 133 | ||
| 3.3 ALCOHOL: ISOPROPANOL (isopropyl alcohol) | 136 | ||
| 3.4 ALCOHOL: METHANOL (methyl alcohol) | 138 | ||
| 3.5 ALCOHOL: OTHER TOXIC ALCOHOLS | 142 | ||
| 3.6 AMIODARONE | 144 | ||
| 3.7 AMISULPRIDE | 146 | ||
| 3.8 AMPHETAMINES | 148 | ||
| 3.9 ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS | 152 | ||
| 3.10 ANTICOAGULANT RODENTICIDES | 154 | ||
| 3.11 ANTICONVULSANTS: NEWER AGENTS | 157 | ||
| 3.12 ANTIHISTAMINES (non-sedating) | 159 | ||
| 3.13 ANTIHISTAMINES (sedating) | 162 | ||
| 3.14 ARSENIC | 164 | ||
| 3.15 BETA-BLOCKERS | 168 | ||
| 3.16 BACLOFEN | 171 | ||
| 3.17 BARBITURATES | 173 | ||
| 3.18 BENZODIAZEPINES | 177 | ||
| 3.19 BENZTROPINE | 179 | ||
| 3.20 BUPROPION | 181 | ||
| 3.21 BUTTON BATTERIES | 184 | ||
| 3.22 CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS | 186 | ||
| 3.23 CANNABINOIDS (marijuana) | 190 | ||
| 3.24 CARBAMAZEPINE | 193 | ||
| 3.25 CARBON MONOXIDE | 196 | ||
| 3.26 CHLOROQUINE AND HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE | 200 | ||
| 3.27 CHLORAL HYDRATE | 202 | ||
| 3.28 CLONIDINE | 205 | ||
| 3.29 CLOZAPINE | 208 | ||
| 3.30 COCAINE | 210 | ||
| 3.31 COLCHICINE | 214 | ||
| 3.32 CORROSIVES | 216 | ||
| 3.33 CYANIDE | 219 | ||
| 3.34 DIGOXIN: ACUTE OVERDOSE | 222 | ||
| 3.35 DIGOXIN: CHRONIC POISONING | 226 | ||
| 3.36 DIPHENOXYLATE-ATROPINE | 230 | ||
| 3.37 GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE (GHB) | 232 | ||
| 3.38 GLYPHOSATE | 235 | ||
| 3.39 HYDROCARBONS | 237 | ||
| 3.40 HYDROFLUORIC ACID | 240 | ||
| 3.41 HYDROGEN PEROXIDE | 244 | ||
| 3.42 INSULIN | 247 | ||
| 3.43 IRON | 250 | ||
| 3.44 ISONIAZID | 254 | ||
| 3.45 LEAD | 256 | ||
| 3.46 LITHIUM: ACUTE OVERDOSE | 260 | ||
| 3.47 LITHIUM: CHRONIC POISONING | 263 | ||
| 3.48 LOCAL ANAESTHETIC AGENTS | 265 | ||
| 3.49 MERCURY | 269 | ||
| 3.50 METFORMIN | 273 | ||
| 3.51 METHOTREXATE | 276 | ||
| 3.52 MIRTAZAPINE | 279 | ||
| 3.53 MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS (MAOIs)\r | 280 | ||
| 3.54 NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDs) | 284 | ||
| 3.55 OLANZAPINE | 287 | ||
| 3.56 OPIOIDS | 290 | ||
| 3.57 ORGANOCHLORINES | 295 | ||
| 3.58 ORGANOPHOSPHORUS AGENTS (organophosphates and carbamates) | 298 | ||
| 3.59 PARACETAMOL: ACUTE OVERDOSE | 302 | ||
| 3.60 PARACETAMOL: REPEATED SUPRATHERAPEUTIC INGESTION | 312 | ||
| 3.61 PARAQUAT | 316 | ||
| 3.62 PHENOTHIAZINES AND BUTYROPHENONES (antipsychotic agents) | 320 | ||
| 3.63 PHENYTOIN | 323 | ||
| 3.64 POTASSIUM CHLORIDE | 326 | ||
| 3.65 QUETIAPINE | 328 | ||
| 3.66 QUININE | 331 | ||
| 3.67 RISPERIDONE | 334 | ||
| 3.68 SALICYLATES | 336 | ||
| 3.69 SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SSRIs)\r | 340 | ||
| 3.70 STRYCHNINE | 343 | ||
| 3.71 SULFONYLUREAS | 346 | ||
| 3.72 THEOPHYLLINE | 348 | ||
| 3.73 THYROXINE | 352 | ||
| 3.74 TRAMADOL | 354 | ||
| 3.75 TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS (TCAs) | 357 | ||
| 3.76 VALPROIC ACID (sodium valproate) | 361 | ||
| 3.77 VENLAFAXINE AND DESVENLAFAXINE | 364 | ||
| 3.78 WARFARIN | 368 | ||
| Chapter 4 - Antidotes | 371 | ||
| 4.1 ATROPINE | 372 | ||
| 4.2 CALCIUM | 373 | ||
| 4.3 CYPROHEPTADINE | 376 | ||
| 4.4 DESFERRIOXAMINE | 377 | ||
| 4.5 DICOBALT EDETATE | 379 | ||
| 4.6 DIGOXIN IMMUNE FAB | 381 | ||
| 4.7 DIMERCAPROL | 383 | ||
| 4.8 ETHANOL | 385 | ||
| 4.9 FLUMAZENIL | 387 | ||
| 4.10 FOLINIC ACID | 389 | ||
| 4.11 FOMEPIZOLE | 391 | ||
| 4.12 GLUCAGON | 392 | ||
| 4.13 GLUCOSE | 394 | ||
| 4.14 HYDROXOCOBALAMIN | 396 | ||
| 4.15 INSULIN (high-dose) | 398 | ||
| 4.16 INTRAVENOUS LIPID EMULSION | 400 | ||
| 4.17 METHYLENE BLUE | 401 | ||
| 4.18 N-ACETYLCYSTEINE | 403 | ||
| 4.19 NALOXONE | 406 | ||
| 4.20 OCTREOTIDE | 408 | ||
| 4.21 PENICILLAMINE | 410 | ||
| 4.22 PHYSOSTIGMINE | 411 | ||
| 4.23 PRALIDOXIME | 413 | ||
| 4.24 PYRIDOXINE | 415 | ||
| 4.25 SODIUM BICARBONATE | 417 | ||
| 4.26 SODIUM CALCIUM EDETATE | 420 | ||
| 4.27 SODIUM THIOSULFATE | 422 | ||
| 4.28 SUCCIMER | 424 | ||
| 4.29 VITAMIN K | 426 | ||
| Chapter 5 - Envenomings | 429 | ||
| 5.1 BLACK SNAKE | 430 | ||
| 5.2 BROWN SNAKE | 433 | ||
| 5.3 DEATH ADDER | 436 | ||
| 5.4 TIGER SNAKE | 439 | ||
| 5.5 TAIPAN | 442 | ||
| 5.6 SEA SNAKE | 445 | ||
| 5.7 AUSTRALIAN SCORPIONS | 447 | ||
| 5.8 BLUEBOTTLE JELLYFISH (Physalia species) | 449 | ||
| 5.9 STONEFISH | 450 | ||
| 5.10 BOX JELLYFISH (Chironex fleckeri) | 452 | ||
| 5.11 IRUKANDJI SYNDROME | 454 | ||
| 5.12 BLUE-RINGED OCTOPUS | 457 | ||
| 5.13 REDBACK SPIDER | 459 | ||
| 5.14 FUNNEL-WEB (BIG BLACK) SPIDER | 461 | ||
| 5.15 WHITE-TAILED SPIDER | 463 | ||
| 5.16 TICKS | 465 | ||
| Chapter 6 - Antivenoms | 469 | ||
| 6.1 CSL BLACK SNAKE ANTIVENOM | 470 | ||
| 6.2 CSL BROWN SNAKE ANTIVENOM | 471 | ||
| 6.3 CSL DEATH ADDER ANTIVENOM | 473 | ||
| 6.4 CSL TIGER SNAKE ANTIVENOM | 475 | ||
| 6.5 CSL TAIPAN ANTIVENOM | 477 | ||
| 6.6 CSL SEA SNAKE ANTIVENOM | 479 | ||
| 6.7 CSL POLYVALENT SNAKE ANTIVENOM | 481 | ||
| 6.8 CSL STONEFISH ANTIVENOM | 482 | ||
| 6.9 CSL BOX JELLYFISH ANTIVENOM | 484 | ||
| 6.10 CSL REDBACK SPIDER ANTIVENOM | 486 | ||
| 6.11 CSL FUNNEL-WEB SPIDER ANTIVENOM | 488 | ||
| APPENDICES | 491 | ||
| APPENDIX 1: POISONS INFORMATION TELEPHONE\rNUMBERS\r | 492 | ||
| APPENDIX 2: EXAMPLE ECGs | 493 | ||
| APPENDIX 3: CONVERSION FACTORS AND\rTHERAPEUTIC RANGES FOR\rIMPORTANT TOXINS | 498 | ||
| APPENDIX 4: ALCOHOL PATHWAYS | 499 | ||
| APPENDIX 5: THERAPEUTIC OVER-WARFARINISATION | 500 | ||
| APPENDIX 6: MANAGEMENT OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS\rTO ANTIVENOMS | 502 | ||
| INDEX | 503 |