BOOK
Ophthalmic Surgery: Principles and Practice E-Book
George L. Spaeth | Helen Danesh-Meyer | Ivan Goldberg | Anselm Kampik
(2011)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Ophthalmic Surgery, edited by Drs. George Spaeth, Helen Danesh-Meyer, Ivan Goldberg, and Anselm Kampik, provides the detailed, full-color, step-by-step guidance you need to master essential ophthalmic surgery procedures. The international team of expert editors and contributors present coverage of the latest surgical developments and video demonstrations of key techniques across subspecialties, including cataract, cornea, refractive, glaucoma, oculoplastic, extra-ocular muscle, vitreoretinal, and ocular tumor procedures. What’s more, the fully searchable text, procedural videos, and a downloadable image gallery are all online at www.expertconsult.com, making this multimedia resource the key to performing confidently in the operating room.
- Refer to the most important steps in each procedure quickly and easily with an appendix of step-by-step hand notes.
- Perform a wide variety of procedures with confidence using the focused coverage that pinpoints essential information and avoids extraneous details.
- Get comprehensive coverage across key subspecialties—oculoplastic, strabismus, cornea, refractive, cataract, glaucoma, ocular tumors, and vitreoretinal—and master the basics for every common procedure.
- Access the fully searchable contents online at www.expertconsult.com, along with procedural videos and a downloadable image gallery.
- Apply the latest advances in laser surgery that have become standard practice with the new section on refractive surgery.
- Master key techniques thanks to more than four hours of narrated online videos that demonstrate procedures across eight subspecialties.
- Gain a more nuanced visual understanding through a new full-color art program with over 800 illustrations, updated and revised drawings, color images, and step-by-step illustrated procedures.
- Tap into the expertise of leading authorities in the field with a brand new editorial team from North America, Europe, and Australasia, as well as international contributors who provide global perspectives across all subspecialties in ophthalmic surgery.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | cover | ||
| Front Matter | i | ||
| Section Editors | ii | ||
| Ophthalmic Surgery: Principles and Practice | iii | ||
| Copyright page | iv | ||
| Table of contents | v | ||
| Preface | xv | ||
| List of contributors | xvii | ||
| Dedication | xxv | ||
| Chapter 1: Introduction | 1 | ||
| The craftsman, the technician, and the complete surgeon | 2 | ||
| The clinical trial | 3 | ||
| Training required to become a practicing ophthalmic surgeon | 3 | ||
| References | 4 | ||
| Chapter 2: Phases of the surgical procedure | 6 | ||
| Diagnosis | 6 | ||
| Preparation of the patient | 6 | ||
| Informed consent or informed choice | 8 | ||
| Preoperative studies | 11 | ||
| References | 11 | ||
| Chapter 3: Principles of surgery | 12 | ||
| Principles of surgery | 12 | ||
| References | 15 | ||
| Chapter 4: Cataract surgery: | 16 | ||
| Introduction | 16 | ||
| The need for cataract surgery | 16 | ||
| Cataract surgery outcomes | 16 | ||
| Indicators of a successful service | 17 | ||
| Cost of cataract surgery | 17 | ||
| Global inequalities in eye care provision – VISION 2020 The Right To Sight | 18 | ||
| Conclusions | 18 | ||
| References | 18 | ||
| Chapter 5: The history and evolution of cataract surgery | 19 | ||
| The origins of cataract surgery | 19 | ||
| The development of modern surgery | 20 | ||
| Intracapsular and extracapsular surgery | 20 | ||
| Phacoemulsification | 21 | ||
| References | 22 | ||
| Chapter 6: Clinical features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis | 23 | ||
| Incidence | 23 | ||
| Cataract types | 23 | ||
| Other types of acquired cataract | 25 | ||
| Effect on visual acuity and function | 26 | ||
| Cataract classification systems | 26 | ||
| References | 26 | ||
| Chapter 7: Anatomical considerations | 28 | ||
| Applied anatomy | 28 | ||
| Ocular dimensions2 | 29 | ||
| Long and short eyes | 30 | ||
| Zonular defects | 30 | ||
| Previous laser refractive surgery | 30 | ||
| Previous vitrectomy | 30 | ||
| Previous glaucoma surgery | 31 | ||
| Summary | 31 | ||
| References | 31 | ||
| Chapter 8: Fundamental principles, goals of and indications for surgery | 32 | ||
| Fundamental principles | 32 | ||
| Development of modern phacoemulsification | 32 | ||
| Goals of surgery | 33 | ||
| Indications for surgery | 33 | ||
| References | 34 | ||
| Chapter 9: Preoperative assessment including biometry | 35 | ||
| Sources of error in keratometry | 35 | ||
| Sources of error in axial length measurement | 36 | ||
| A-scan ultrasound biometry | 36 | ||
| Laser interference biometry (LIB) | 38 | ||
| Final checks for all biometry | 38 | ||
| Postoperative target refraction | 38 | ||
| Summary | 39 | ||
| Reference | 39 | ||
| Chapter 10: Anesthesia for cataract surgery | 40 | ||
| General anesthesia (GA) | 40 | ||
| Local anesthesia (LA) techniques | 40 | ||
| No anesthesia | 44 | ||
| References | 44 | ||
| Chapter 11: Wound construction | 45 | ||
| ECCE | 45 | ||
| SICS | 46 | ||
| Phaco wounds | 46 | ||
| How to decide where to place the wound | 48 | ||
| Wound construction for B-MICS | 48 | ||
| Summary | 48 | ||
| References | 50 | ||
| Chapter 12: Capsulorrhexis and hydrodissection | 51 | ||
| Capsulorrhexis | 51 | ||
| Hydrodissection | 54 | ||
| References | 55 | ||
| Chapter 13: Nucleus disassembly | 56 | ||
| Divide and conquer technique | 56 | ||
| Phaco fracture technique | 56 | ||
| Chip and flip technique | 57 | ||
| Crack and flip technique | 57 | ||
| Phaco chop | 57 | ||
| Choo choo chop and flip | 57 | ||
| Biaxial micro incision cataract surgery (B-MICS) | 59 | ||
| References | 65 | ||
| Chapter 14: Irrigation and aspiration | 66 | ||
| Anatomical considerations | 66 | ||
| Bimanual I and A | 66 | ||
| Recent innovations | 67 | ||
| References | 67 | ||
| Chapter 15: Intraocular lenses | 68 | ||
| Introduction | 68 | ||
| Requirements of intraocular lenses | 68 | ||
| Materials for lens implant manufacture | 68 | ||
| Optical design | 69 | ||
| Conclusion | 72 | ||
| References | 73 | ||
| Chapter 16: Adjuncts for challenging cases | 74 | ||
| Purpose of chapter | 74 | ||
| Epidemiologic consideration and terminology | 74 | ||
| Clinical features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis | 74 | ||
| Fundamental principles | 75 | ||
| Goals of surgery | 75 | ||
| Indications for surgery | 75 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 76 | ||
| Anesthesia | 76 | ||
| Operation techniques | 76 | ||
| Postoperative care | 77 | ||
| Assessment of surgery | 77 | ||
| References | 78 | ||
| Chapter 17: Pediatric cataract surgery | 79 | ||
| Introduction | 79 | ||
| Epidemiologic consideration and terminology | 79 | ||
| Clinical features, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis | 79 | ||
| Anatomical considerations | 80 | ||
| Fundamental principles and goals of surgery | 80 | ||
| Indications for surgery | 80 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 80 | ||
| Anesthesia | 80 | ||
| Operation techniques | 80 | ||
| Intraoperative complications | 82 | ||
| Postoperative care | 82 | ||
| Postoperative complications | 82 | ||
| Assessment of surgery: self-evaluation; result of surgery | 83 | ||
| References | 83 | ||
| Chapter 18: Postoperative care | 84 | ||
| References | 85 | ||
| Chapter 19: Phaco complications | 86 | ||
| Introduction | 86 | ||
| Local anesthesia | 86 | ||
| Incisions | 87 | ||
| Capsulorrhexis | 88 | ||
| Hydrodissection | 88 | ||
| Phacoemulsification | 89 | ||
| Summary | 92 | ||
| References | 92 | ||
| Chapter 20: Data collection | 93 | ||
| Introduction | 93 | ||
| Cataract surgery – do we have a high quality system? | 93 | ||
| Cataract surgery – how should data be collected? | 94 | ||
| Cataract surgery – what data should be collected? | 94 | ||
| Cataract surgery – how should the data be used? | 94 | ||
| Cataract surgery – making quality improvements happen | 95 | ||
| Summary | 95 | ||
| References | 95 | ||
| Chapter 21: Corneal surgery | 96 | ||
| Corneal and anterior segment trauma | 97 | ||
| Conjunctival flap surgery | 100 | ||
| Pterygium surgery | 103 | ||
| Excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy | 106 | ||
| Corneal transplantation | 109 | ||
| Keratoprosthesis | 131 | ||
| References | 139 | ||
| Chapter 22: Corneal topography and wavefront analysis | 145 | ||
| Introduction | 145 | ||
| Corneal topography | 145 | ||
| Aberrometry (wavefront sensing) | 148 | ||
| References | 149 | ||
| Chapter 23: LASIK patient evaluation and selection | 150 | ||
| History | 150 | ||
| Examination | 151 | ||
| Decision making | 153 | ||
| References | 153 | ||
| Chapter 24: Laser technology (excimer and femto) | 154 | ||
| Introduction | 154 | ||
| Laser principles | 154 | ||
| Basic features of laser devices | 154 | ||
| Interaction of laser with ophthalmic tissues | 155 | ||
| Excimer lasers | 155 | ||
| Femtosecond lasers | 156 | ||
| References | 158 | ||
| Chapter 25: Surface ablation: | 159 | ||
| Introduction | 159 | ||
| Epidemiological considerations and terminology | 159 | ||
| Fundamental principles and goals of surgery | 159 | ||
| Indications for surgery | 160 | ||
| Operation techniques | 160 | ||
| Intraoperative complications | 161 | ||
| Postoperative care | 161 | ||
| Postoperative complications | 161 | ||
| Assessment of surgery | 162 | ||
| References | 162 | ||
| Chapter 26: LASIK for myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism | 163 | ||
| Introduction | 163 | ||
| Epidemiologic considerations and terminology | 163 | ||
| Clinical features, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis | 163 | ||
| Anatomical considerations | 164 | ||
| Fundamental principles | 164 | ||
| Goals of surgery | 164 | ||
| Indications for surgery | 164 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 164 | ||
| Anesthesia | 164 | ||
| Operation techniques | 164 | ||
| Intraoperative complications | 165 | ||
| Postoperative care | 165 | ||
| Postoperative complications | 165 | ||
| Assessment of surgery: self-evaluation; results of surgery | 166 | ||
| References | 166 | ||
| Chapter 27: Complications of excimer surgery | 167 | ||
| Introduction | 167 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 167 | ||
| Intraoperative complications | 168 | ||
| Postoperative complications | 168 | ||
| References | 171 | ||
| Chapter 28: Biomechanics in refractive surgery | 172 | ||
| Introduction | 172 | ||
| Anatomic considerations | 172 | ||
| Fundamental principles | 173 | ||
| Preoperative assessment: clinical measurement of corneal biomechanical properties | 173 | ||
| Operative techniques: the biomechanical response to keratectomy | 175 | ||
| A comparison of surface ablation and LASIK | 175 | ||
| Postoperative complications | 176 | ||
| Assessment of surgery | 176 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 177 | ||
| References | 177 | ||
| Chapter 29: Incisional surgery: Astigmatic keratotomy and limbal relaxing incisions | 179 | ||
| Introduction | 179 | ||
| Epidemiologic consideration and terminology | 179 | ||
| Anatomical considerations | 179 | ||
| Fundamental principles | 179 | ||
| Goals of surgery | 180 | ||
| Indications for surgery | 180 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 180 | ||
| Anesthesia | 181 | ||
| Operation techniques | 181 | ||
| Intraoperative complications | 181 | ||
| Postoperative care | 181 | ||
| Postoperative complications | 181 | ||
| Assessment of surgery: self-evaluation; result of surgery | 181 | ||
| References | 181 | ||
| Chapter 30: Refractive surgery with phakic IOLs | 182 | ||
| Introduction | 182 | ||
| Fundamental principles | 182 | ||
| Indications for surgery, anatomical considerations, and preoperative assessment | 182 | ||
| Goals of surgery | 183 | ||
| Anesthesia | 184 | ||
| Operation techniques | 184 | ||
| Intraoperative complications | 185 | ||
| Postoperative care | 186 | ||
| Postoperative complications | 186 | ||
| Results of surgery and conclusions | 186 | ||
| References | 186 | ||
| Chapter 31: Refractive lens exchange | 187 | ||
| History | 187 | ||
| Indications and patient selection | 187 | ||
| Preoperative calculation of IOL power | 187 | ||
| Complications in refractive lens exchange | 187 | ||
| Assessment of surgery | 191 | ||
| References | 191 | ||
| Chapter 32: Refractive presbyopia management | 192 | ||
| Introduction | 192 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 193 | ||
| Anesthesia | 193 | ||
| Operation techniques | 193 | ||
| Accommodative procedures | 195 | ||
| Postoperative care | 196 | ||
| Summary | 196 | ||
| References | 196 | ||
| Chapter 33: Intracorneal rings | 198 | ||
| Introduction | 198 | ||
| Epidemiologic consideration and terminology | 198 | ||
| Anatomical considerations | 199 | ||
| Fundamental principles | 199 | ||
| Goals of surgery | 199 | ||
| Indications for surgery | 199 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 200 | ||
| Anesthesia | 200 | ||
| Operation techniques | 200 | ||
| Assessment of surgery: self-evaluation; result of surgery | 201 | ||
| References | 201 | ||
| Chapter 34: Indications for surgery | 202 | ||
| Introduction | 202 | ||
| General considerations | 203 | ||
| Indications for surgery | 205 | ||
| References | 210 | ||
| Chapter 35: Glaucoma filtration surgery | 211 | ||
| Historical background | 211 | ||
| Mechanisms of IOP lowering | 212 | ||
| Epidemiology | 212 | ||
| Indications for glaucoma filtration surgery | 212 | ||
| Preoperative assessment and anesthesia | 212 | ||
| Surgical technique | 214 | ||
| Postoperative care and prevention of failure of the filtering bleb | 218 | ||
| Complications of guarded filtration surgery | 219 | ||
| References | 224 | ||
| Chapter 36: Coincident cataract and glaucoma surgery | 227 | ||
| Introduction | 227 | ||
| Indications | 227 | ||
| Anesthesia | 228 | ||
| Preoperative considerations | 229 | ||
| Surgical technique | 229 | ||
| Postoperative care | 233 | ||
| Pupil management | 235 | ||
| References | 236 | ||
| Chapter 37: Management of postoperative complications following glaucoma surgery | 239 | ||
| The clinical examination | 239 | ||
| Complications associated with a shallow or flat anterior chamber | 240 | ||
| Complications associated with deep anterior chamber | 244 | ||
| Glaucoma drainage device considerations | 246 | ||
| Infectious complications | 249 | ||
| References | 251 | ||
| Chapter 38: Non-penetrating surgery | 256 | ||
| Introduction | 256 | ||
| Deep sclerectomy | 256 | ||
| Viscocanalostomy and canaloplasty | 260 | ||
| Conclusions | 262 | ||
| References | 262 | ||
| Chapter 39: Aqueous tube shunts | 264 | ||
| Introduction | 264 | ||
| Fundamental principles and physiology of implant blebs | 264 | ||
| Indications for surgery | 265 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 265 | ||
| Anesthesia | 266 | ||
| Surgical technique | 266 | ||
| Modifications of surgical techniques | 269 | ||
| Intraoperative complications | 270 | ||
| Postoperative care | 270 | ||
| Postoperative complications | 270 | ||
| Assessment of surgery with glaucoma implants | 272 | ||
| References | 272 | ||
| Chapter 40: Glaucoma and corneal surgery | 274 | ||
| Introduction | 274 | ||
| Epidemiology | 275 | ||
| Diagnosis | 275 | ||
| Etiology | 275 | ||
| Medical treatment of glaucoma after PKP | 276 | ||
| Indications for surgery | 276 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 277 | ||
| Anesthesia | 277 | ||
| Surgical decision making | 277 | ||
| Surgical technique | 279 | ||
| Trabeculectomy | 279 | ||
| Glaucoma drainage devices | 280 | ||
| Final surgical considerations | 281 | ||
| Endothelial keratoplasty (EK) | 281 | ||
| Postoperative care | 281 | ||
| Surgical outcomes assessment | 281 | ||
| References | 282 | ||
| Chapter 41: New advances in glaucoma surgery | 284 | ||
| Introduction | 284 | ||
| The Ex-PRESS shunt | 285 | ||
| Non-penetrating Schlemm’s canaloplasty | 286 | ||
| The Glaukos trabecular microbypass iStent | 287 | ||
| Trabectome microelectrocautery | 288 | ||
| The gold suprachoroidal microshunt | 290 | ||
| Endoscopic cycloplasty and goniosynechialysis for angle closure glaucoma | 291 | ||
| Conclusion | 292 | ||
| References | 293 | ||
| Chapter 42: Primary surgical treatment for developmental glaucomas | 294 | ||
| Introduction | 294 | ||
| Epidemiologic considerations and terminology | 294 | ||
| Clinical features, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis | 295 | ||
| Anatomic considerations | 295 | ||
| Fundamental principles | 295 | ||
| Goals of surgery | 295 | ||
| Indications for surgery | 295 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 296 | ||
| Anesthesia | 296 | ||
| Operation techniques | 296 | ||
| Intraoperative complications | 300 | ||
| Postoperative care | 300 | ||
| Assessment of surgery | 300 | ||
| References | 301 | ||
| Chapter 43: Laser trabeculoplasty | 302 | ||
| Introduction | 302 | ||
| Epidemiology | 302 | ||
| Fundamental principles | 303 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 303 | ||
| Procedure | 304 | ||
| Operative procedure | 304 | ||
| Post-procedure management | 305 | ||
| Complications | 305 | ||
| Assessment | 305 | ||
| References | 306 | ||
| Chapter 44: Laser peripheral iridotomy and iridoplasty | 308 | ||
| Introduction | 308 | ||
| Laser peripheral iridotomy | 309 | ||
| Laser peripheral iridoplasty (ALPI) | 313 | ||
| Conclusions | 316 | ||
| References | 316 | ||
| Chapter 45: Cyclophotocoagulation | 318 | ||
| Introduction | 318 | ||
| Trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation | 318 | ||
| Endoscopic (intraocular) cyclophotocoagulation | 323 | ||
| Conclusions | 324 | ||
| References | 324 | ||
| Chapter 46: Eyelid malpositions: | 326 | ||
| Introduction | 326 | ||
| Epidemiologic consideration and terminology | 326 | ||
| Anatomical considerations | 327 | ||
| Fundamental principles and goals for surgery | 327 | ||
| Indications for surgery | 327 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 327 | ||
| Anesthesia | 328 | ||
| Operation techniques | 328 | ||
| References | 339 | ||
| Chapter 47: Management of trichiasis/distichiasis | 340 | ||
| Definition of trichiasis | 340 | ||
| Background | 340 | ||
| Physiology of normal eyelash formation | 340 | ||
| Pathophysiology of abnormal eyelash formation | 341 | ||
| Pathophysiology of eyelash ablation | 341 | ||
| Cryotherapy for trichiasis | 341 | ||
| Electrolysis for trichiasis | 342 | ||
| Argon laser thermoablation | 342 | ||
| Surgery | 342 | ||
| Conclusion | 342 | ||
| References | 342 | ||
| Chapter 48: Ptosis surgery | 344 | ||
| Introduction | 344 | ||
| Epidemiologic consideration and terminology | 344 | ||
| Clinical features, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis | 345 | ||
| Basic considerations | 347 | ||
| Goals of surgery | 347 | ||
| Indications for surgery | 347 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 347 | ||
| Anesthesia | 348 | ||
| Operation techniques | 349 | ||
| Intraoperative complications | 356 | ||
| Postoperative care | 356 | ||
| Postoperative complications | 357 | ||
| Assessment of surgical results | 358 | ||
| References | 358 | ||
| Chapter 49: The management of eyelid tumors | 360 | ||
| Epidemiology | 360 | ||
| Clinical features, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis | 361 | ||
| Management | 363 | ||
| Investigation | 363 | ||
| Management of established disease | 364 | ||
| Conclusions | 370 | ||
| References | 370 | ||
| Chapter 50: Eyelid reconstruction | 373 | ||
| Introduction | 373 | ||
| Anatomy | 373 | ||
| Fundamental principles | 374 | ||
| Goals of surgery | 376 | ||
| Indications for surgery | 376 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 376 | ||
| Anesthesia | 377 | ||
| Operation techniques | 377 | ||
| Further reading | 384 | ||
| Chapter 51: Blepharoplasty | 385 | ||
| Introduction | 385 | ||
| Anatomy | 385 | ||
| Eyelid assessment: fundamental principles and surgical planning | 387 | ||
| Procedures: upper blepharoplasty | 390 | ||
| Procedures: lower blepharoplasty | 393 | ||
| Postoperative care and complications | 396 | ||
| Summary | 397 | ||
| Further reading | 397 | ||
| Chapter 52: Surgery of the lacrimal system | 399 | ||
| Background | 399 | ||
| Definitions | 400 | ||
| History of modern DCR | 401 | ||
| Normal anatomy | 401 | ||
| Etiology and assessment of watering eye | 402 | ||
| Surgery for epiphora in adults | 403 | ||
| External approach DCR surgery | 404 | ||
| Endoscopic endonasal DCR surgery [see Clip 6.13] | 406 | ||
| Re-do DCR [see Clips 6.15 and 6.16] | 411 | ||
| Surgery in children | 412 | ||
| Summary | 413 | ||
| Future of lacrimal surgery | 413 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 413 | ||
| Further reading | 414 | ||
| Chapter 53: Surgical approaches to the orbit | 415 | ||
| Introduction | 415 | ||
| Practical and anatomical considerations | 415 | ||
| Preoperative and postoperative counseling | 416 | ||
| The six principal orbitotomies | 416 | ||
| Summary | 423 | ||
| References | 423 | ||
| Chapter 54: Surgical rehabilitation of Graves’ orbitopathy | 424 | ||
| Introduction | 424 | ||
| Timing of surgery | 424 | ||
| Orbital decompression | 425 | ||
| Possible complications of decompression surgery | 431 | ||
| Correction of lid retraction | 432 | ||
| Squint surgery | 437 | ||
| Cosmetic eyelid surgery | 438 | ||
| References | 439 | ||
| Chapter 55: Enucleation and evisceration | 441 | ||
| Indications for enucleation and evisceration | 441 | ||
| Enucleation techniques | 442 | ||
| Placement of orbital implant | 444 | ||
| Evisceration technique | 445 | ||
| Complications of enucleation and evisceration | 447 | ||
| Protective eyewear after anophthalmic socket surgery | 448 | ||
| Prosthesis fitting | 448 | ||
| Summary | 448 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 448 | ||
| References | 448 | ||
| Chapter 56: Management of post-enucleation socket syndrome | 450 | ||
| Introduction | 450 | ||
| Terminology and pathophysiology | 451 | ||
| Clinical features | 451 | ||
| Indications and goal of surgery | 451 | ||
| Fundamental principles | 451 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 451 | ||
| Post-enucleation socket syndrome | 452 | ||
| Contracted socket | 455 | ||
| Eyelid malpositions | 458 | ||
| Complications | 460 | ||
| References | 461 | ||
| Chapter 57: Strabismus surgery | 462 | ||
| Terminology, history, and epidemiologic considerations | 463 | ||
| Clinical features, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis | 463 | ||
| Anatomical considerations | 463 | ||
| Fundamental principles | 465 | ||
| Goals of surgery | 465 | ||
| Indications for strabismus surgery | 465 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 465 | ||
| Anesthesia | 471 | ||
| Operative techniques | 471 | ||
| Intraoperative complications | 495 | ||
| Postoperative care | 496 | ||
| Postoperative complications | 497 | ||
| Assessment of surgery: self-evaluation; result of surgery | 500 | ||
| References | 500 | ||
| Chapter 58: Principles of vitreoretinal surgery: | 503 | ||
| History and concept of vitreoretinal surgery | 503 | ||
| Epidemiologic considerations and terminology | 504 | ||
| Fundamental principles, indications, and goals of surgery | 504 | ||
| Anesthesia | 504 | ||
| Anatomical considerations | 504 | ||
| Surgical approach | 504 | ||
| Fundamental principles of vitreous removal | 505 | ||
| Induction of posterior vitreous detachment | 506 | ||
| Surgery of the vitreoretinal interface | 506 | ||
| Vitreous base shaving | 506 | ||
| Reattachment of the retina | 507 | ||
| Retinotomy and retinectomy | 507 | ||
| Fluid–air exchange and drainage of subretinal fluid | 507 | ||
| Choice of tamponade | 507 | ||
| Complications and postoperative care | 508 | ||
| Current developments | 508 | ||
| References | 509 | ||
| Chapter 59: Principles of intravitreal application of drugs | 510 | ||
| Introduction | 510 | ||
| Fundamental principles of intravitreal drug delivery | 510 | ||
| Intravitreal injection of drugs | 511 | ||
| Complications | 517 | ||
| References | 517 | ||
| Chapter 60: Retinal detachment and PVR | 519 | ||
| Introduction | 519 | ||
| Epidemiologic considerations and terminology | 519 | ||
| Clinical features, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis | 519 | ||
| Anatomical considerations | 519 | ||
| Fundamental principles | 520 | ||
| Goals of surgery | 520 | ||
| Indications for surgery | 520 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 520 | ||
| Anesthesia | 521 | ||
| Operation techniques | 521 | ||
| Intraoperative complications | 523 | ||
| Postoperative care | 523 | ||
| Postoperative complications | 523 | ||
| Assessment of surgery | 526 | ||
| References | 526 | ||
| Chapter 61: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy | 528 | ||
| Clinical features | 528 | ||
| Major diabetic retinopathy studies | 529 | ||
| Performing panretinal photocoagulation | 531 | ||
| Regression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy | 531 | ||
| How does panretinal photocoagulation work? | 532 | ||
| Complications of panretinal photocoagulation | 532 | ||
| Intravitreal medications | 533 | ||
| Cryosurgery | 533 | ||
| Pars plana vitrectomy | 533 | ||
| References | 533 | ||
| Chapter 62: Diabetic macular edema | 536 | ||
| Pathophysiology of diabetic macular edema | 536 | ||
| Treatment of macular edema | 538 | ||
| References | 539 | ||
| Chapter 63: Surgical strategies for AMD | 541 | ||
| Introduction | 541 | ||
| Epidemiologic considerations and terminology | 541 | ||
| Clinical features | 542 | ||
| Fundamental principles | 542 | ||
| Medical treatments | 542 | ||
| Indications for surgery | 543 | ||
| Patient selection and assessment | 543 | ||
| Surgical techniques | 543 | ||
| Upcoming trends | 545 | ||
| References | 547 | ||
| Chapter 64: Endophthalmitis: | 550 | ||
| Introduction | 550 | ||
| Epidemiologic consideration and terminology | 550 | ||
| Clinical features, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis | 551 | ||
| Goals of management | 553 | ||
| Indications for surgery | 554 | ||
| Visual acuity results | 554 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 555 | ||
| Anesthesia | 555 | ||
| Surgical technique | 555 | ||
| Postoperative care, additional procedures, and results of treatment (EVS data) | 556 | ||
| Management of complications from endophthalmitis | 558 | ||
| Conclusion | 558 | ||
| References | 559 | ||
| Chapter 65: Epimacular membranes and vitreomacular traction syndromes | 561 | ||
| Epidemiologic considerations and terminology | 561 | ||
| Clinical features, diagnosis, and differential diagnoses | 561 | ||
| Anatomical considerations | 562 | ||
| Fundamental principles and goals of surgery | 563 | ||
| Indications for surgery | 563 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 563 | ||
| Anesthesia | 564 | ||
| Operation techniques | 564 | ||
| Intraoperative complications | 565 | ||
| Postoperative care | 566 | ||
| Postoperative complications | 566 | ||
| References | 566 | ||
| Chapter 66: Macular hole surgery | 568 | ||
| Introduction | 568 | ||
| History | 568 | ||
| Epidemiologic consideration and terminology | 568 | ||
| Clinical features, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis | 569 | ||
| Anatomical considerations | 569 | ||
| Fundamental principles | 570 | ||
| Goals of surgery | 572 | ||
| Indications for surgery | 572 | ||
| Preoperative assessment | 572 | ||
| Anesthesia | 572 | ||
| Operation techniques | 573 | ||
| Intraoperative complications | 573 | ||
| Postoperative care | 573 | ||
| Postoperative complications | 574 | ||
| Assessment of surgery: self-evaluation; result of surgery | 574 | ||
| References | 574 | ||
| Chapter 67: Pars plana lensectomy for retained intravitreal lens material | 576 | ||
| Introduction | 576 | ||
| Preoperative evaluation | 576 | ||
| Preoperative complications | 577 | ||
| Preoperative management | 578 | ||
| Operative technique | 578 | ||
| Postoperative management | 582 | ||
| Postoperative complications | 582 | ||
| Prognosis | 582 | ||
| References | 582 | ||
| Chapter 68: Open-globe injuries | 585 | ||
| Introduction | 585 | ||
| Preoperative evaluation | 585 | ||
| Preoperative management | 588 | ||
| Operative technique | 588 | ||
| Postoperative management | 590 | ||
| Complications | 591 | ||
| Prognosis | 591 | ||
| References | 592 | ||
| Chapter 69: Oncology | 594 | ||
| Uveal malignant melanoma: Introduction | 596 | ||
| Brachytherapy of uveal melanoma | 598 | ||
| Proton beam radiotherapy of uveal melanoma | 600 | ||
| Stereotactic photon beam radiation techniques for uveal melanoma | 603 | ||
| Local resection of uveal melanoma | 605 | ||
| Phototherapy of uveal melanoma | 607 | ||
| Treatment of choroidal hemangioma | 609 | ||
| Treatment of uveal metastasis | 612 | ||
| Retinoblastoma | 613 | ||
| Local therapy of retinoblastoma | 617 | ||
| Treatment of vasoproliferative tumor | 620 | ||
| Treatment of retinal capillary angioma | 622 | ||
| Treatment of ocular lymphoma | 623 | ||
| Treatment of conjunctival melanoma | 626 | ||
| Ocular surface squamous neoplasia | 629 | ||
| References | 631 | ||
| Index | 635 |