Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Memory Loss combines expert guidance, case studies, and diagnostic tests to help you effectively diagnose Alzheimer’s disease and other common dementias. Drs. Andrew E. Budson and Paul R. Solomon cover the essentials of physical and cognitive examinations, laboratory and imaging studies, and the latest treatment approaches. The practical text and diagnostic tests are the tools you need to consistently make accurate diagnoses.
- Confidently diagnose and treat Alzheimer’s disease and other common dementias through in-depth coverage of clinically useful diagnostic tests and the latest treatment approaches.
- Tap into the expertise of key leaders in the field for clear and practical guidance.
- See how to evaluate and manage both common and uncommon conditions with a full range of detailed case studies.
- Confirm your diagnoses easily with diagnostic tests.
- Carry the book with you and consult it conveniently thanks to its compact, portable format.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover\r | Cover | ||
| Memory Loss: A Practical Guide for Clinicians | v | ||
| Copyright | vi | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Foreword | ix | ||
| Preface | xi | ||
| How to use this book | xi | ||
| Reference | xii | ||
| Acknowledgments | xiii | ||
| Disclosures | xiii | ||
| About the Authors | xv | ||
| Section I: Evaluating the Patient with Memory Loss | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1: Why diagnose and treat? | 1 | ||
| Helping the patient | 1 | ||
| Helping the family or other caregiver | 2 | ||
| Saving money | 2 | ||
| Planning for the future | 2 | ||
| Quality versus quantity | 3 | ||
| References | 3 | ||
| Chapter 2: Evaluating the patient with memory loss | 4 | ||
| Talking with the family | 5 | ||
| In the clinic | 5 | ||
| At the bedside | 7 | ||
| History | 7 | ||
| Review of systems | 13 | ||
| Medical history | 14 | ||
| Allergies to medications | 14 | ||
| Social history | 15 | ||
| Family history | 16 | ||
| Physical examination | 16 | ||
| Cognitive tests and questionnaires | 19 | ||
| Screening in the clinic | 25 | ||
| Laboratory studies | 31 | ||
| Structural imaging studies | 32 | ||
| Functional imaging studies | 36 | ||
| Summary | 40 | ||
| References | 40 | ||
| Section II: Differential Diagnosis of Memory Loss | 43 | ||
| Chapter 3: Alzheimer´s disease | 43 | ||
| Prevalence, prognosis, and definition | 44 | ||
| Diagnostic criteria | 50 | ||
| Risk factors, pathology, and pathophysiology | 52 | ||
| Common signs, symptoms, and stages | 59 | ||
| Things to look for in the history | 62 | ||
| Things to look for on the physical and neurological examination | 62 | ||
| Pattern of impairment on cognitive tests | 63 | ||
| Laboratory studies | 65 | ||
| Structural imaging studies | 65 | ||
| Functional imaging studies | 66 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 67 | ||
| Treatments | 67 | ||
| References | 69 | ||
| Chapter 4: Mild cognitive impairment | 71 | ||
| Prevalence, prognosis, and definition | 72 | ||
| Diagnostic Criteria | 73 | ||
| Common mild cognitive impairment scenarios | 74 | ||
| Risk factors, pathology, and pathophysiology | 75 | ||
| Common signs, symptoms, and stages | 76 | ||
| Things to look for in the history | 76 | ||
| Things to look for on the physical and neurological examination | 76 | ||
| Pattern of impairment on cognitive tests | 76 | ||
| Laboratory studies | 77 | ||
| Structural imaging studies | 77 | ||
| Functional imaging studies | 77 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 77 | ||
| Treatments | 78 | ||
| References | 78 | ||
| Chapter 5: Dementia with Lewy bodies (including Parkinson's disease dementia) | 79 | ||
| Prevalence, prognosis, and definition | 80 | ||
| Criteria and diagnosis | 81 | ||
| Risk factors, pathology, and pathophysiology | 84 | ||
| Common signs, symptoms, and stages | 85 | ||
| Things to look for in the history | 85 | ||
| Things to look for on the physical and neurological examination | 86 | ||
| Pattern of impairment on cognitive tests | 86 | ||
| Laboratory studies | 86 | ||
| Structural imaging studies | 86 | ||
| Functional imaging studies | 87 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 87 | ||
| Treatments | 88 | ||
| References | 90 | ||
| Chapter 6: Vascular dementia and vascular cognitive impairment | 91 | ||
| Prevalence, prognosis, and definition | 92 | ||
| Criteria | 94 | ||
| Risk factors, pathology, and pathophysiology | 95 | ||
| Common signs, symptoms, and stages | 98 | ||
| Things to look for in the history | 99 | ||
| Things to look for on the physical and neurological examination | 99 | ||
| Pattern of impairment on cognitive tests | 99 | ||
| Laboratory studies | 100 | ||
| Structural imaging studies | 100 | ||
| Functional imaging studies | 101 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 102 | ||
| Treatments | 102 | ||
| References | 103 | ||
| Chapter 7: Frontotemporal dementia | 104 | ||
| Prevalence, prognosis, and definition | 105 | ||
| Criteria | 106 | ||
| Risk factors, pathology, and pathophysiology | 106 | ||
| Common signs, symptoms, and stages | 109 | ||
| Things to look for in the history | 110 | ||
| Things to look for on the physical and neurological examination | 112 | ||
| Pattern of impairment on cognitive tests | 113 | ||
| Laboratory studies | 113 | ||
| Structural imaging studies | 114 | ||
| Functional imaging studies | 114 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 115 | ||
| Treatments | 116 | ||
| References | 117 | ||
| Chapter 8: Progressive supranuclear palsy | 118 | ||
| Prevalence, prognosis, and definition | 119 | ||
| Criteria and diagnosis | 119 | ||
| Risk factors, pathology, and pathophysiology | 120 | ||
| Common signs, symptoms, and stages | 121 | ||
| Things to look for in the history | 122 | ||
| Things to look for on the physical and neurological examination | 122 | ||
| Pattern of impairment on cognitive tests | 123 | ||
| Laboratory studies | 124 | ||
| Structural imaging studies | 124 | ||
| Functional imaging studies | 124 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 126 | ||
| Treatments | 127 | ||
| References | 127 | ||
| Chapter 9: Corticobasal degeneration | 128 | ||
| Prevalence, prognosis, and definition | 129 | ||
| Criteria | 129 | ||
| Risk factors, pathology, and pathophysiology | 131 | ||
| Common signs, symptoms, and stages | 131 | ||
| Things to look for in the history | 132 | ||
| Things to look for on the physical and neurological examination | 133 | ||
| Pattern of impairment on cognitive tests | 133 | ||
| Laboratory studies | 133 | ||
| Structural imaging studies | 134 | ||
| Functional imaging studies | 134 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 134 | ||
| Treatments | 134 | ||
| References | 135 | ||
| Chapter 10: Normal pressure hydrocephalus | 136 | ||
| Prevalence, prognosis, and definition | 137 | ||
| Criteria | 137 | ||
| Risk factors, pathology, and pathophysiology | 137 | ||
| Common signs, symptoms, and stages | 137 | ||
| Things to look for in the history | 139 | ||
| Things to look for on the physical and neurological examination | 139 | ||
| Pattern of impairment on cognitive tests | 140 | ||
| Laboratory studies | 140 | ||
| Structural imaging studies | 140 | ||
| Lumbar puncture | 141 | ||
| Other studies | 141 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 141 | ||
| Treatments | 142 | ||
| References | 142 | ||
| Chapter 11: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease | 143 | ||
| Prevalence, prognosis, and definition | 144 | ||
| Risk factors, pathology, and pathophysiology | 145 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 145 | ||
| Laboratory studies and electroencephalography | 146 | ||
| Structural imaging studies | 146 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 146 | ||
| Treatments | 146 | ||
| References | 147 | ||
| Chapter 12: Other disorders | 148 | ||
| Depression and anxiety | 150 | ||
| Medication side-effects | 151 | ||
| Disrupted sleep | 152 | ||
| Hormones? | 153 | ||
| Metabolic disorders | 153 | ||
| Diabetes | 154 | ||
| Alcohol abuse and alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome | 155 | ||
| Lyme disease | 156 | ||
| Hippocampal sclerosis | 157 | ||
| Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Dementia pugilistica | 158 | ||
| Subdural and epidural hematomas | 158 | ||
| Vitamin B12 deficiency | 159 | ||
| Seizures | 160 | ||
| Hashimoto's encephalopathy | 161 | ||
| References | 161 | ||
| Section III: Treatment Of Memory Loss | 163 | ||
| Chapter 13: Goals of treatment | 163 | ||
| Talking About Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease | 163 | ||
| Strategies to Treat the Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease | 164 | ||
| Treating cognition and treating behavior | 164 | ||
| References | 165 | ||
| Chapter 14: Cholinesterase inhibitors | 166 | ||
| Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Alzheimer's Disease | 167 | ||
| Should I prescribe a cholinesterase inhibitor? | 167 | ||
| Is the medication working? | 174 | ||
| Which cholinesterase inhibitor should I prescribe? | 177 | ||
| What is the best dose? | 178 | ||
| When should the medications be taken? | 179 | ||
| Does it help to switch medications? | 179 | ||
| How do I discuss with the patient whether the cholinesterase inhibitor is working? | 180 | ||
| Cholinesterase inhibitors in late-stage disease | 181 | ||
| Cholinesterase inhibitors in other disorders | 181 | ||
| References | 182 | ||
| Chapter 15: Memantine (Namenda) | 184 | ||
| Mechanism of action | 185 | ||
| Which patients should take memantine (Namenda)? | 185 | ||
| Efficacy of memantine (Namenda) | 187 | ||
| Safety and tolerability of memantine (Namenda) | 188 | ||
| Titrating memantine (Namenda) | 188 | ||
| Combining memantine (Namenda) with cholinesterase inhibitors | 189 | ||
| Memantine (Namenda) in the mild stage of Alzheimer's disease | 190 | ||
| Memantine (Namenda) in other dementias | 190 | ||
| References | 191 | ||
| Chapter 16: Vitamins, herbs, supplements, and anti-inflammatories | 193 | ||
| Vitamin E | 194 | ||
| B Complex vitamins: Folic Acid, B6, B12 | 195 | ||
| Ginkgo Biloba | 196 | ||
| DHA (fish oil) | 196 | ||
| Anti-inflammatories | 196 | ||
| References | 197 | ||
| Chapter 17: Future treatments of memory loss | 199 | ||
| Strategies to Treat the Symptoms of Alzheimer's disease | 200 | ||
| Disease-modifying treatments | 201 | ||
| Lessons from failed trials and chronic traumatic encephalopathy | 211 | ||
| The Future of Alzheimer's disease Therapy | 212 | ||
| References | 212 | ||
| Chapter 18: Non-pharmacological treatment of memory loss | 214 | ||
| External memory aids | 214 | ||
| Specific diets? | 216 | ||
| Social and cognitively stimulating activities | 217 | ||
| Aerobic exercise | 218 | ||
| References | 218 | ||
| Section IV: Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms\rof Dementia | 220 | ||
| Chapter 19: Evaluating the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia | 220 | ||
| What constitutes behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia? | 221 | ||
| The benefits of treating behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia | 222 | ||
| Measuring behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia | 223 | ||
| Evaluating behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: pragmatic guidelines for the clinician | 225 | ||
| Formulating a treatment plan for behavioral and psychological symptoms: pragmatic guidelines for the clinician | 5 | ||
| Section V: Additional Issues | 259 | ||
| Chapter 23: Life adjustments | 259 | ||
| Mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in the very mild and mild stages | 260 | ||
| Alzheimer's disease in the moderate to severe stages | 262 | ||
| References | 264 | ||
| Chapter 24: Legal and financial issues | 266 | ||
| Legal planning | 266 | ||
| Financial planning | 269 | ||
| Chapter 25: Special issues | 271 | ||
| The patient who does not want to come to the appointment | 271 | ||
| The patient who does not want you to talk to their family | 272 | ||
| Talking to adult children of patients about their risk of Alzheimer's disease and what they can do about it | 273 | ||
| References | 274 | ||
| Section VI: Case Studies | 275 | ||
| Patient 1 | 276 | ||
| Patient 2 | 277 | ||
| Patient 3 | 278 | ||
| Patient 4 | 279 | ||
| Patient 5 | 280 | ||
| Patient 6 | 281 | ||
| Patient 7 | 282 | ||
| Patient 8 | 283 | ||
| Patient 9 | 284 | ||
| Patient 10 | 285 | ||
| Patient 11 | 286 | ||
| Appendix A: Cognitive test and questionnaire forms, instructions, and normative data | e1 | ||
| Mental status tests | e1 | ||
| Single neuropsychological tests | e3 | ||
| Screening instruments that combine single tests | e5 | ||
| Informant (caregiver)-completed screening questionnaires | e5 | ||
| Appendix B: Screening for memory loss | e8 | ||
| To screen or not to screen? | e8 | ||
| Screening in primary care practice | e11 | ||
| References | e14 | ||
| Appendix C: Our current understanding\rof memory | e16 | ||
| Episodic memory | e16 | ||
| Semantic memory | e19 | ||
| Procedural memory | e20 | ||
| Working memory | e21 | ||
| Concluding comment | e22 | ||
| References | e22 | ||
| Index | 289 | ||
| Alzheimer’s Disease Caregiver\rQuestionaire (ADCQ) | e1 | ||
| Questions | e1 | ||
| Blessed Dementia Rating Scale | e1 | ||
| Information, Memory, Concentration subtest | e1 | ||
| Category Fluency Test | e1 | ||
| Clock Drawing Test | e1 | ||
| 7Minute Screen\r | e1 | ||
| MOCA Test\r | e1 | ||
| AD8 Form\r | e1 |