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Book Details
Abstract
Stay up-to-date on the latest advances and current issues in equine medicine with this handy reference for the busy equine practitioner, large animal veterinarian, or student. This edition of Current Therapy in Equine Medicine brings you thorough coverage and expert advice on selected topics in areas that have seen significant advances in the last 5 years. Content emphasizes the practical aspects of diagnosis and treatment and provides details for therapeutic regimens. Arranged primarily by body system, the text also features sections on infectious diseases, foal diseases, nutrition, and toxicology. With this cutting-edge information all in one reliable source, you’ll increase your awareness of key therapies in less time.
- Focuses on the latest therapy for equine diseases, emphasizing detailed discussions and the most reliable and current information.
- Organized approach to important problems brings you up-to-date, practical information organized by organ system.
- Concise, easy-to-read format saves you time; most articles provide essential information in 2 to 5 pages.
- Renowned group of contributors share their expertise on the timely topics you need to know about.
- Photos enhance information.
- Line drawings illustrate important concepts.
- NEW! Emerging topics include issues such as disinfection in equine hospitals; complimentary modalities to traditional medicine; chemotherapy for oncological diseases; and protecting yourself with medical records.
- Each section has NEW topics including medical management of critically ill foals in the field; oral cavity masses; radiology of sinuses and teeth; biochemical tests for myocardial injury; protozoal myeloencephalitis update; management of bladder uroliths; skin grafting; managing the high-risk pregnancy; shock wave therapy; and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| EQUINE MEDICINE | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| Dedication | xvii | ||
| Preface | xviii | ||
| Contents | xxi | ||
| SECTION I Clinical Pharmacology | 1 | ||
| CHAPTER 1 Adverse Drug Reactions | 1 | ||
| DEFINITIONS | 1 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS | 1 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS | 2 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS OF DRUG TOXICITY BY SYSTEM | 2 | ||
| PREVENTION OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS | 5 | ||
| REPORTING ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS | 5 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 6 | ||
| CHAPTER 2 Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs | 7 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 9 | ||
| CHAPTER 3 Update on Common Antimicrobials | 10 | ||
| β-LACTAM ANTIMICROBIALS | 10 | ||
| MACROLIDE ANTIMICROBIALS | 11 | ||
| UPDATE ON DOXYCYCLINE | 12 | ||
| ENROFLOXACIN | 12 | ||
| FLORFENICOL IN HORSES | 13 | ||
| ANTIMICROBIALS IN THE PREGNANT MARE | 13 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 13 | ||
| CHAPTER 4 Systemic Chemotherapy for oncologic Diseases | 15 | ||
| THEORETICAL CONCEPTS | 15 | ||
| PROTOCOLS | 15 | ||
| MONITORING | 17 | ||
| TOXICITY | 17 | ||
| SAFETY CONCERNS IN HANDLING CYTOTOXIC DRUGS | 17 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 18 | ||
| CHAPTER 5 Fluphenazine Toxicosis | 19 | ||
| USE OF FLUPHENAZINE | 19 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 20 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 20 | ||
| TREATMENT | 20 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 20 | ||
| CHAPTER 6 Field Anesthesia | 21 | ||
| BASIC PRINCIPLES | 23 | ||
| KETAMINE AND TILETAMINE | 24 | ||
| USE OF ANESTHETIC ADJUNCTS TO RESOLVE COMMON PROBLEMS OF FIELD ANESTHESIA | 24 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 26 | ||
| CHAPTER 7 Anesthesia at High Altitude | 27 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGIC ADAPTATIONS | 27 | ||
| ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT | 27 | ||
| ANESTHETIC EQUIPMENT | 28 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 28 | ||
| CHAPTER 8 Anesthesia and Sedation of Miniature Horses | 29 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS | 29 | ||
| INDUCTION OF ANESTHESIA | 30 | ||
| MAINTENANCE OF ANESTHESIA AND MONITORING | 31 | ||
| BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING | 31 | ||
| RECOVERY AND POSTOPERATIVE ÂANALGESIA | 32 | ||
| SUMMARY | 32 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 32 | ||
| SECTION II Medico-Legal | 33 | ||
| CHAPTER 9 Reading and Interpreting scientific literature | 33 | ||
| CONFOUNDING AND THE ABSENCE OF GROUP COMPARABILITY | 33 | ||
| THE FALLACY OF STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN MEDICAL RESEARCH | 34 | ||
| CENSORING AND FOLLOW-UP VALIDITY | 35 | ||
| CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AND ETHICS OF AUTHORSHIP | 35 | ||
| CONCLUDING REMARKS | 36 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 36 | ||
| CHAPTER 10 Equine Insurance | 37 | ||
| TYPES OF INSURANCE | 37 | ||
| ROLE OF THE VETERINARIAN ON BEHALF OF THE INSURED HORSE | 38 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 38 | ||
| CHAPTER 11 Protecting yourself with Medical Records | 39 | ||
| THE CLIENT’S BILL IS NOT THE PATIENT’S MEDICAL RECORD | 39 | ||
| DOCUMENTATION GUIDELINES | 40 | ||
| OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL OF MEDICAL RECORDS | 41 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 42 | ||
| CHAPTER 12 The Unwanted Horse: An overview of the Issue | 43 | ||
| DEMOGRAPHICS OF THE UNWANTED HORSE | 43 | ||
| INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS FOR UNWANTED HORSES | 44 | ||
| CURRENT OPTIONS | 44 | ||
| PENDING LEGISLATION AND INDUSTRY INITIATIVES | 45 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 46 | ||
| CHAPTER 13 Field Necropsy of the Horse | 47 | ||
| PREPARING TO PERFORM THE NECROPSY | 47 | ||
| DOCUMENTING THE NECROPSY FINDINGS | 48 | ||
| COLLECTING SAMPLES DURING THE NECROPSY | 48 | ||
| STEPWISE NECROPSY PROCEDURE | 48 | ||
| SUMMARY | 52 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 52 | ||
| SECTION III Nutrition | 53 | ||
| CHAPTER 14 Nutritional Management of the Starved Horse | 53 | ||
| METABOLIC RESPONSE TO STARVATION | 53 | ||
| EVALUATION OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS | 53 | ||
| NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT | 54 | ||
| MONITORING | 57 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 58 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 58 | ||
| CHAPTER 15 Dietary Management of the Obese Horse | 59 | ||
| DEFINITION OF OBESITY | 59 | ||
| ASSESSMENT OF ADIPOSITY IN THE HORSE | 59 | ||
| DEFINITION, PREVALENCE, AND UNDERLYING CAUSES OF OBESITY | 62 | ||
| DISEASE ASSOCIATION | 62 | ||
| WEIGHT MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS | 63 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 65 | ||
| CHAPTER 16 Updates to the Nutrient Requirements of the Horse: NRC 2007 Guidelines | 66 | ||
| NONBREEDING ADULT HORSES | 66 | ||
| REGULARLY EXERCISED ADULT HORSES | 67 | ||
| STALLIONS | 69 | ||
| BROODMARES | 69 | ||
| GROWING HORSES | 70 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 72 | ||
| CHAPTER 17 Antioxidants and Horse Health | 73 | ||
| ROLE OF OXIDANTS AND ANTIOXIDANTS FOR HEALTH | 73 | ||
| BIOMARKERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS | 75 | ||
| CONDITIONS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN EQUINE MEDICINE | 76 | ||
| ANTIOXIDANTS AS FEED ADDITIVES | 77 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 78 | ||
| CHAPTER 18 Nutritional Factors in Developmental Orthopedic Disease | 79 | ||
| POTENTIAL NUTRITIONAL CAUSES OF ÂDEVELOPMENTAL ORTHOPEDIC DISEASE | 79 | ||
| OTHER FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN DOD | 81 | ||
| PREVENTION | 82 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 82 | ||
| CHAPTER 19 The Pros and Cons of Probiotics | 83 | ||
| SURVIVAL OF PROBIOTICS IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT | 83 | ||
| MODE OF ACTION OF PROBIOTICS | 83 | ||
| EFFECT OF PROBIOTICS | 84 | ||
| THE RISK OF PROBIOTIC ADMINISTRATION AND REGULATION IN EUROPE | 85 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 85 | ||
| PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR VETERINARIANS | 86 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 86 | ||
| CHAPTER 20 Herbs and Nutraceuticals | 87 | ||
| HERBAL ACTIONS AND USES | 87 | ||
| HERB-DRUG INTERACTIONS | 87 | ||
| SPECIFIC HERBS | 90 | ||
| SPICES | 92 | ||
| OTHER NUTRACEUTICALS | 92 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 93 | ||
| CHAPTER 21 Use of Nutraceuticals for Equine Joint Disease | 94 | ||
| WHAT ARE NUTRACEUTICALS? | 94 | ||
| LICENSING AND PROOF OF EFFICACY | 94 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 96 | ||
| CHAPTER 22 nutrition for the Critically Ill Horse | 97 | ||
| NUTRIENT METABOLISM IN HEALTH AND DISEASE | 97 | ||
| IMPORTANCE OF ENTERAL NUTRITION | 97 | ||
| PARENTERAL NUTRITION | 99 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 102 | ||
| SECTION IV Behavior | 103 | ||
| CHAPTER 23 Headshaking Syndrome | 103 | ||
| PRESENTING SIGNS | 103 | ||
| EXAMINATION AND DIAGNOSIS | 104 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 105 | ||
| TREATMENT | 106 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 107 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 107 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 107 | ||
| CHAPTER 24 Management of Stereotypic Behavior (Stable Vices) | 108 | ||
| GENERAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE RISK OF STEREOTYPIC BEHAVIOR | 108 | ||
| WEAVING AND STALL WALKING | 108 | ||
| CRIBBING AND WINDSUCKING | 110 | ||
| WOOD CHEWING | 111 | ||
| SUMMARY | 111 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 111 | ||
| CHAPTER 25 Aggression in Horses | 112 | ||
| HUMAN-DIRECTED AGGRESSION | 112 | ||
| SEXUAL AGGRESSION | 114 | ||
| MATERNAL AGGRESSION | 115 | ||
| OTHER AGGRESSION | 115 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 115 | ||
| CHAPTER 26 Foal Rejection | 116 | ||
| RISK FACTORS FOR FOAL REJECTION | 116 | ||
| TREATMENT OF FOAL REJECTION | 116 | ||
| CASE HISTORIES | 118 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 118 | ||
| CHAPTER 27 Transportation of Horses | 119 | ||
| TRANSPORT-RELATED STRESS | 119 | ||
| MAXIMUM DURATION OF TRANSPORT | 119 | ||
| DEHYDRATION AND WEIGHT LOSS | 119 | ||
| FATIGUE | 120 | ||
| PERSONALITY | 121 | ||
| REST STOPS | 121 | ||
| SECTION V Infectious Disease | 124 | ||
| CHAPTER 28 Strangles: Immunology and Management | 124 | ||
| IMMUNOLOGY OF STRANGLES | 124 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 126 | ||
| DETECTION OF S. EQUI IN CLINICAL SPECIMENS | 127 | ||
| OUTBREAK MANAGEMENT | 127 | ||
| TREATMENT | 128 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 128 | ||
| CHAPTER 29 Epidemiology of Rhodococcus equi Pneumonia in Foals | 129 | ||
| PREVALENCE | 129 | ||
| AGENT, ENVIRONMENT, AND HOST | 129 | ||
| RISK FACTORS | 130 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 130 | ||
| CHAPTER 30 Control of Salmonella and Nosocomial Infections | 132 | ||
| SALMONELLA INFECTIONS | 132 | ||
| NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION BASICS | 133 | ||
| BIOSECURITY PLAN | 134 | ||
| COMMUNICATIONS AND CLIENT EDUCATION | 135 | ||
| SUMMARY | 135 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 138 | ||
| CHAPTER 31 Pneumonia Caused by Rhodococcus equi Infection in Foals | 139 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 139 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS | 139 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 140 | ||
| TREATMENT | 140 | ||
| PREVENTION | 141 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 142 | ||
| CHAPTER 32 Lyme Disease | 143 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 143 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 143 | ||
| TREATMENT | 144 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 144 | ||
| CHAPTER 33 Leptospirosis | 145 | ||
| CLINICAL SYNDROMES | 145 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 146 | ||
| TREATMENT | 146 | ||
| PREVENTION | 146 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 147 | ||
| CHAPTER 34 Systemic Illness Caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis | 148 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 148 | ||
| TREATMENT | 151 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 151 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 152 | ||
| CHAPTER 35 Equine Viral Arteritis | 153 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 153 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 153 | ||
| IMMUNITY | 154 | ||
| INDUSTRY TRENDS | 154 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 154 | ||
| ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE | 155 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 155 | ||
| TREATMENT | 156 | ||
| PREVENTION AND CONTROL | 156 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 157 | ||
| CHAPTER 36 Clostridial Diseases | 158 | ||
| CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE COLITIS | 158 | ||
| CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS COLITIS | 160 | ||
| CLOSTRIDIAL MYONECROSIS | 161 | ||
| BOTULISM | 163 | ||
| GRASS SICKNESS | 164 | ||
| TETANUS | 164 | ||
| TYZZER’S DISEASE | 166 | ||
| DUODENITIS-PROXIMAL JEJUNITIS | 166 | ||
| ACUTE PASTURE MYODYSTROPHY | 166 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 166 | ||
| CHAPTER 37 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci | 167 | ||
| METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS | 167 | ||
| OTHER COAGULASE POSITIVE METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCI | 170 | ||
| METHICILLIN-RESISTANT COAGULASE NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI | 171 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 171 | ||
| CHAPTER 38 Lawsonia intracellularis Enteropathy in Foals | 172 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 172 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 172 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 173 | ||
| LABORATORY FINDINGS | 173 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 173 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 174 | ||
| PATHOLOGIC CHANGES | 175 | ||
| TREATMENT | 175 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 175 | ||
| PREVENTION | 175 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 176 | ||
| CHAPTER 39 Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy | 177 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 177 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 178 | ||
| FACTORS THAT DETERMINE OCCURRENCE | 178 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 178 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 178 | ||
| TREATMENT | 179 | ||
| THE RECUMBENT HORSE | 180 | ||
| OUTBREAK MANAGEMENT | 180 | ||
| PREVENTION | 180 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 181 | ||
| SECTION VI The Cardiovascular System | 182 | ||
| CHAPTER 40 Cardiovascular Pharmacology | 182 | ||
| ANTIARRHYTHMICS | 182 | ||
| DIGITALIS GLYCOSIDES | 189 | ||
| ADRENERGIC (SYMPATHOMIMETIC) AGENTS | 189 | ||
| ANTICHOLINERGIC (VAGOLYTIC) AGENTS | 190 | ||
| ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) INHIBITORS | 190 | ||
| VASODILATORS AND INODILATORS | 190 | ||
| DIURETICS | 190 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 191 | ||
| CHAPTER 41 Management of Atrial Fibrillation | 192 | ||
| MECHANISMS AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 192 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 192 | ||
| TREATMENT | 193 | ||
| AFTERCARE | 196 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 197 | ||
| CHAPTER 42 The Effects of Training on Echocardiographic Measurements | 198 | ||
| STRUCTURAL MYOCARDIAL ALTERATIONS RESULTING FROM EXERCISE | 198 | ||
| EFFECT OF TRAINING ON VALVULAR REGURGITATION | 198 | ||
| ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION IN EQUINE ATHLETES | 199 | ||
| VARIABILITY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS OF CARDIAC DIMENSIONS | 200 | ||
| VALVULAR REGURGITATION | 201 | ||
| CARDIAC DIMENSIONS AND RELATIONSHIP TO PERFORMANCE | 202 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 203 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 203 | ||
| CHAPTER 43 CLINICAL SIGNS | 204 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 204 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 205 | ||
| TREATMENT | 205 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 206 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 206 | ||
| CHAPTER 44 Pericarditis | 207 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 207 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 208 | ||
| TREATMENT | 209 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 211 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 211 | ||
| CHAPTER 45 Infective Endocarditis | 212 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 212 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 212 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 213 | ||
| TREATMENT | 214 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 215 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 215 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 215 | ||
| CHAPTER 46 Pulmonary Hypertension | 216 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 216 | ||
| PULMONARY HYPERTENSION AND ACQUIRED HEART DISEASE | 216 | ||
| PULMONARY HYPERTENSION AND CONGENITAL CARDIAC DISEASE | 217 | ||
| PULMONARY HYPERTENSION AND LUNG DISEASE | 217 | ||
| PERSISTENT PULMONARY HYPERTENSION OF THE NEWBORN | 217 | ||
| EMBOLIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION | 218 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 218 | ||
| TREATMENT | 220 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 220 | ||
| CHAPTER 47 Biochemical Tests for Cardiac Injury | 221 | ||
| REFERENCE RANGES IN HEALTHY HORSES | 221 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS | 221 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 222 | ||
| CHAPTER 48 Blood-Donor Horses and Whole-Blood Transfusion in Private Practice | 224 | ||
| TRANSFUSION TRIGGERS | 224 | ||
| EQUINE BLOOD TYPES | 224 | ||
| WHOLE BLOOD DONORS | 224 | ||
| WHOLE-BLOOD COLLECTION | 225 | ||
| WHOLE-BLOOD TRANSFUSION | 225 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 226 | ||
| CHAPTER 49 Coagulopathies | 227 | ||
| INHERITED COAGULOPATHIES | 227 | ||
| ACQUIRED COAGULOPATHIES | 227 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 231 | ||
| SECTION VII The Respiratory System | 232 | ||
| CHAPTER 50 Dental Radiography in Relation to Sinus Disease | 232 | ||
| DENTAL DISEASE | 232 | ||
| EXAMINATION | 233 | ||
| RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION | 233 | ||
| RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS | 235 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 238 | ||
| CHAPTER 51 Sinoscopy and Sinus Surgery in the Standing Horse | 239 | ||
| SINOSCOPY | 239 | ||
| SINUS SURGERY | 240 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 242 | ||
| CHAPTER 52 Ultrasonographic Examination of the Upper Airway | 243 | ||
| EQUIPMENT AND PREPARATION | 243 | ||
| ULTRASOUND TECHNIQUE | 244 | ||
| CHARACTERIZATION OF ACOUSTIC WINDOWS | 244 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS | 245 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 249 | ||
| CHAPTER 53 Disorders of the Guttural Pouch | 250 | ||
| GUTTURAL POUCH MYCOSIS | 250 | ||
| GUTTURAL POUCH EMPYEMA | 252 | ||
| GUTTURAL POUCH TYMPANY | 253 | ||
| TEMPOROHYOID OSTEOARTHROPATHY | 254 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 254 | ||
| CHAPTER 54 Efficacy of Surgery for Laryngeal Hemiplegia | 255 | ||
| LARYNGEAL REINNERVATION | 255 | ||
| ARYTENOIDECTOMY | 256 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 257 | ||
| CHAPTER 55 Surgical Advancement of the Larynx for Treatment of Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate | 258 | ||
| CASE SELECTION | 258 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 258 | ||
| RESULTS | 259 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 260 | ||
| CHAPTER 56 Disorders of the Trachea | 261 | ||
| LATERAL TRACHEAL FLATTENING | 261 | ||
| DORSOVENTRAL TRACHEAL COLLAPSE | 261 | ||
| EXTERNAL TRACHEAL TRAUMA | 262 | ||
| TRACHEOBRONCHIAL FOREIGN BODIES | 263 | ||
| EXTRAMURAL TRACHEAL COMPRESSION | 263 | ||
| TRACHEAL TUMORS AND GROWTHS | 263 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 263 | ||
| CHAPTER 57 Cough | 264 | ||
| MECHANISM OF COUGH | 264 | ||
| EXAMINING THE COUGHING HORSE | 265 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 265 | ||
| ULTRASOUND EVALUATION | 267 | ||
| RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION | 267 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC EXAMINATION | 267 | ||
| OTHER DIAGNOSTIC TESTS | 267 | ||
| TREATMENT | 268 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 268 | ||
| CHAPTER 58 Viral Respiratory Diseases | 269 | ||
| COMMON VIRUSES CAUSING UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE | 269 | ||
| OTHER VIRUSES ASSOCIATED WITH URTD | 271 | ||
| EXOTIC VIRUSES CAUSING RESPIRATORY DISEASE | 271 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS Of VIRAl RESPIRATORY DISEASE | 272 | ||
| MANAGEMENT, CONTROl, AND TREATMENT Of VIRAl RESPIRATORY DISEASES | 273 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 273 | ||
| CHAPTER 59 Antimicrobial Therapy of the Respiratory System | 274 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY | 274 | ||
| CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING PULMONARY ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY | 274 | ||
| ANTIVIRAL THERAPY | 276 | ||
| ANTIFUNGAL THERAPY | 276 | ||
| AEROSOL ADMINISTRATION | 277 | ||
| MONITORING TREATMENT | 278 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 278 | ||
| CHAPTER 60 Multimodal Management of the Horse with Airway Disease | 279 | ||
| RISK FACTORS FOR AIRWAY DISEASE | 279 | ||
| ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT | 280 | ||
| VARIATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE | 280 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF THE HORSE WITH AIRWAY DISEASE | 281 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 283 | ||
| CHAPTER 61 Management of Inflammatory Airway Disease in Pleasure Horses | 284 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 284 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC MANAGEMENT | 285 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 287 | ||
| SAMPLE TREATMENT REGIMENS | 287 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 287 | ||
| CHAPTER 62 Inflammatory Airway Disease in Racehorses | 288 | ||
| HISTORY | 288 | ||
| CLINICAL EXAMINATION | 289 | ||
| ADDITIONAL DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES | 289 | ||
| TREATMENT | 290 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 291 | ||
| PREVENTION | 291 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 291 | ||
| CHAPTER 63 Pleuropneumonia | 292 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS AND DIAGNOSIS | 292 | ||
| TREATMENT | 293 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 296 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 296 | ||
| CHAPTER 64 Granulomatous lung Disease | 297 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 297 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 297 | ||
| TREATMENT | 298 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 298 | ||
| CHAPTER 65 Equine Multinodular Pulmonary Fibrosis | 299 | ||
| SIGNALMENT AND CLINICAL FINDINGS | 299 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 300 | ||
| EQUINE HERPESVIRUS-5 AND EQUINE MULTINODULAR PULMONARY FIBROSIS | 300 | ||
| GAMMAHERPESVIRUSES AND LUNG FIBROSIS | 300 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 301 | ||
| TREATMENT | 301 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 301 | ||
| SUMMARY | 302 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 302 | ||
| CHAPTER 66 The Silicosis and Osteoporosis Syndrome | 303 | ||
| ETIOPATHOGENESIS | 303 | ||
| GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION | 304 | ||
| HISTORY AND SIGNALMENT | 304 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 304 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 305 | ||
| TREATMENT | 306 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 306 | ||
| CHAPTER 67 Respiratory Fungal Infections | 307 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 307 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 307 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC TESTS | 307 | ||
| ETIOLOGIC AGENTS | 308 | ||
| TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS | 312 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 312 | ||
| CHAPTER 68 Pneumothorax | 313 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS AND DIAGNOSIS | 313 | ||
| TREATMENT | 314 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 314 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 314 | ||
| CHAPTER 69 Thoracoscopically guided Pulmonary Biopsy | 315 | ||
| TECHNIQUE FOR LUNG BIOPSY | 315 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 316 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 316 | ||
| CHAPTER 70 Management of Pulmonary Edema | 317 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 317 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 318 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 318 | ||
| TREATMENT | 318 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 319 | ||
| CHAPTER 71 Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage | 320 | ||
| RISK FACTORS | 320 | ||
| EFFECT ON RACING PERFORMANCE | 320 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 320 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 321 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 321 | ||
| TREATMENT | 321 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 323 | ||
| SECTION VIII The Gastrointestinal System | 324 | ||
| CHAPTER 72 Iatrogenic Damage Caused by modern Dentistry Procedures | 324 | ||
| NORMAL DENTAL ANATOMY | 324 | ||
| REDUCTION OF ABNORMAL TOOTH OVERGROWTHS | 325 | ||
| THERMAL DAMAGE AND EXPOSURE OF SENSITIVE TOOTH STRUCTURES | 326 | ||
| TRAUMA TO SOFT TISSUES | 327 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 327 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 327 | ||
| CHAPTER 73 Periodontal Disease | 328 | ||
| ANATOMY | 328 | ||
| ORAL CAVITY FLORA | 329 | ||
| IMMUNE RESPONSE | 329 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 329 | ||
| EXAMINATION AND DIAGNOSIS | 330 | ||
| INCISOR PERIODONTAL DISEASE | 332 | ||
| CANINE TEETH | 333 | ||
| PREMOLARS AND MOLARS | 333 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 334 | ||
| CHAPTER 74 Dental nerve Blocks | 335 | ||
| TRIGEMINAL NERVE | 335 | ||
| MAXILLARY NERVE | 335 | ||
| GREATER PALATINE NERVE | 337 | ||
| MANDIBULAR NERVE | 337 | ||
| INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE | 338 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 338 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 338 | ||
| CHAPTER 75 Dental Extraction | 339 | ||
| INCISOR REMOVAL | 339 | ||
| REMOVAL OF CANINE TEETH | 339 | ||
| EXTRACTION OF WOLF TEETH | 340 | ||
| EXTRACTION OF DECIDUOUS PREMOLARS | 340 | ||
| EXTRACTION OF PERMANENT PREMOLARS AND MOLARS | 340 | ||
| DENTAL EXTRACTION UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA | 342 | ||
| TECHNIQUE FOR ORAL EXTRACTION | 342 | ||
| AFTERCARE | 343 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 343 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 344 | ||
| CHAPTER 76 Management of Tongue Injuries | 345 | ||
| TRAUMATIC INJURIES | 345 | ||
| PENETRATING FOREIGN BODIES | 346 | ||
| NEUROGENIC TONGUE INJURY | 347 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 347 | ||
| CHAPTER 77 Oral Cavity Masses | 348 | ||
| NEOPLASIA | 348 | ||
| HAMARTOMA | 349 | ||
| GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA | 349 | ||
| EPULIS | 349 | ||
| EXUBERANT GRANULATION TISSUE | 349 | ||
| ABSCESS | 349 | ||
| SALIVARY DUCT CYSTS, MUCOCELES, AND RANULAS | 349 | ||
| ORAL CAVITY CYSTS | 349 | ||
| AMYLOIDOSIS | 350 | ||
| LAMPUS | 350 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 350 | ||
| CHAPTER 78 Esophageal Obstruction | 351 | ||
| ANATOMY | 351 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 351 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 351 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 351 | ||
| TREATMENT | 352 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 353 | ||
| PREVENTION | 353 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 353 | ||
| CHAPTER 79 Dysphagia of Neurogenic origin | 354 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 354 | ||
| CLINICAL PATHOLOGY | 355 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 356 | ||
| TREATMENT | 356 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 357 | ||
| CHAPTER 80 Esophageal Surgery | 358 | ||
| APPROACHES TO THE ESOPHAGUS | 358 | ||
| ESOPHAGOTOMY | 358 | ||
| ESOPHAGOSTOMY | 358 | ||
| RESECTION AND ANASTOMOSIS | 359 | ||
| SURGERY FOR ESOPHAGEAL STENOSIS OR STRICTURE | 359 | ||
| SURGERY FOR ESOPHAGEAL DIVERTICULUM | 359 | ||
| AFTERCARE | 359 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 360 | ||
| CHAPTER 81 Grass Sickness | 361 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 361 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 361 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 362 | ||
| ANTEMORTEM DIAGNOSIS | 363 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 364 | ||
| TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS | 364 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 365 | ||
| CHAPTER 82 Gastric Ulcer Syndrome | 366 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 366 | ||
| CLINICAL SYNDROMES | 367 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 368 | ||
| TREATMENT | 369 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 371 | ||
| CHAPTER 83 Imaging, Endoscopy, and other Diagnostic Procedures for the Acute Abdomen | 372 | ||
| ROUTINE DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES | 372 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING | 373 | ||
| GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY | 375 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 376 | ||
| CHAPTER 84 Stabilizing the Horse with Surgical Colic for Referral | 377 | ||
| TIMING IS EVERYTHING | 377 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY | 377 | ||
| WHEN IS IT TOO LATE? | 378 | ||
| CLIENT COMMUNICATIONS | 378 | ||
| STABILIZING THE HORSE | 378 | ||
| OTHER CONSIDERATIONS | 380 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 381 | ||
| CHAPTER 85 Use of Laparoscopy in Abdominal Disease | 382 | ||
| EQUIPMENT, INSTRUMENTATION, AND TECHNIQUE | 382 | ||
| ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LAPAROSCOPY | 383 | ||
| PROCEDURES | 383 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 385 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 385 | ||
| CHAPTER 86 Multimodal Pain Management of the Horse with Acute Abdomen | 386 | ||
| ANALGESICS | 386 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE SURGICAL PAIN | 387 | ||
| INTRAOPERATIVE PAIN MANAGEMENT | 388 | ||
| PAIN MANAGEMENT IN THE RECOVERY STALL | 388 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 388 | ||
| CHAPTER 87 Gastrointestinal Prokinetic Drugs | 389 | ||
| LOCAL ANESTHETICS | 389 | ||
| CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS | 391 | ||
| 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE RECEPTOR AGONISTS | 392 | ||
| MOTILIN AGONISTS | 392 | ||
| SUMMARY | 393 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 393 | ||
| CHAPTER 88 Medical Management of Horses After Colic Surgery | 394 | ||
| MONITORING | 394 | ||
| TREATMENT | 397 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 399 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 401 | ||
| CHAPTER 89 Ileal Impaction | 402 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 402 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 402 | ||
| TREATMENT | 403 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 403 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 404 | ||
| CHAPTER 90 Cecal Impaction | 405 | ||
| PRIMARY CECAL IMPACTIONS | 405 | ||
| SECONDARY CECAL IMPACTIONS | 405 | ||
| SURGICAL PROCEDURES FOR CECAL IMPACTION | 405 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 406 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 406 | ||
| CHAPTER 91 Intraluminal Obstruction of the Large Colon | 407 | ||
| INGESTA IMPACTION | 407 | ||
| SAND IMPACTION | 410 | ||
| ENTEROLITH IMPACTION | 411 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 412 | ||
| CHAPTER 92 Extraluminal Obstruction of the Large Colon | 413 | ||
| LARGE COLON DISPLACEMENTS | 413 | ||
| LARGE COLON VOLVULUS | 415 | ||
| LARGE COLON STENOSIS | 417 | ||
| LARGE COLON HERNIATION | 417 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 417 | ||
| CHAPTER 93 Acute Equine Colitis | 418 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICAL SIGNS | 418 | ||
| CLINICAL EVALUATION | 419 | ||
| LABORATORY TESTS | 420 | ||
| DETERMINATION OF AN ETIOLOGY | 420 | ||
| TREATMENT | 421 | ||
| RECOVERY AND PROGNOSIS | 423 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 423 | ||
| CHAPTER 94 Chronic Colic: Diagnosis and Treatment | 424 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 424 | ||
| TREATMENT | 428 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 429 | ||
| CHAPTER 95 Right Dorsal Ulcerative Colitis | 430 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 430 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 430 | ||
| THERAPY | 430 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 432 | ||
| CHAPTER 96 Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea | 433 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 433 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC TESTING | 434 | ||
| TREATMENT | 434 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 435 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 435 | ||
| CHAPTER 97 Mesh Hernioplasty | 436 | ||
| ABDOMINAL INCISIONAL HERNIA | 436 | ||
| MESH IMPLANT BIOLOGY | 436 | ||
| MESH IMPLANTATION | 437 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 438 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 438 | ||
| CHAPTER 98 Infiltrative Bowel Diseases | 439 | ||
| GRANULOMATOUS ENTERITIS | 439 | ||
| LYMPHOCYTIC-PLASMACYTIC ENTEROCOLITIS | 440 | ||
| MULTISYSTEMIC EOSINOPHILIC EPITHELIOTROPIC DISEASE | 440 | ||
| IDIOPATHIC FOCAL EOSINOPHILIC ENTEROCOLITIS | 441 | ||
| INTESTINAL LYMPHOMA | 441 | ||
| LARVAL CYATHOSTOMIASIS | 442 | ||
| INTESTINAL TUBERCULOSIS | 442 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 442 | ||
| CHAPTER 99 Integrated Control of Equine Cyathostomes | 443 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS OF CYATHOSTOMIASIS | 444 | ||
| TREATMENT | 444 | ||
| TOOLS FOR INTEGRATED PARASITE CONTROL | 444 | ||
| DESIGNING INTEGRATED CONTROL PROGRAMS | 446 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 447 | ||
| CHAPTER 100 neoplastic Disease of the Gastrointestinal Tract | 448 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 448 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 448 | ||
| TREATMENT | 449 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 450 | ||
| CHAPTER 101 Management of Rectal Tears | 451 | ||
| CAUSES OF RECTAL TEARS | 451 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 451 | ||
| TREATMENT | 452 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 455 | ||
| LEGAL ISSUES | 455 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 455 | ||
| CHAPTER 102 Icterus | 456 | ||
| BILIRUBIN METABOLISM | 456 | ||
| ICTERUS ASSOCIATED WITH SIMPLE ANOREXIA | 456 | ||
| IDIOPATHIC HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA | 456 | ||
| ICTERUS IN NEONATAL FOALS | 456 | ||
| ICTERUS ASSOCIATED WITH BODY CAVITY HEMORRHAGE OR BLOOD TRANSFUSION | 457 | ||
| ICTERUS ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATIC DISEASE | 457 | ||
| ICTERUS ASSOCIATED WITH HEMOLYTIC DISEASE | 457 | ||
| DIFFERENTIATION OF ICTERUS CAUSED BY HEMOLYSIS FROM ICTERUS CAUSED BY LIVER DISEASE | 457 | ||
| TREATMENT OF ICTERUS CAUSED BY LIVER DISEASE | 458 | ||
| TREATMENT OF ICTERUS CAUSED BY HEMOLYTIC DISEASE | 459 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 460 | ||
| SECTION IX The Musculoskeletal System | 461 | ||
| CHAPTER 103 Heritable Muscle Diseases | 461 | ||
| HYPERKALEMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS | 461 | ||
| GLYCOGEN BRANCHING ENZYME DEFICIENCY | 462 | ||
| POLYSACCHARIDE STORAGE MYOPATHY | 463 | ||
| RECURRENT EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS | 465 | ||
| MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA | 468 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 468 | ||
| CHAPTER 104 Evaluation of Back Pain by Clinical Examination | 469 | ||
| CLINICAL EVALUATION | 470 | ||
| IMAGING | 472 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 473 | ||
| CHAPTER 105 STRUCTURE AND FIT OF THE SADDLE | 474 | ||
| STRUCTURE AND FIT OF THE SADDLE | 474 | ||
| SIGNS OF POOR SADDLE FIT | 475 | ||
| ASSESSMENT OF SADDLE FIT | 476 | ||
| SOLUTIONS TO SADDLE FIT PROBLEMS | 477 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 478 | ||
| CHAPTER 106 Vertebral Facet Joint Syndrome | 479 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 479 | ||
| IMAGING | 480 | ||
| TREATMENT | 481 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 482 | ||
| CHAPTER 107 Sacroiliac Disease | 483 | ||
| CLINICAL EXAMINATION | 483 | ||
| TREATMENT | 486 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 486 | ||
| CHAPTER 108 Pelvic Fractures | 488 | ||
| ANATOMY | 488 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 488 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 488 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 489 | ||
| TREATMENT | 490 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 490 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 491 | ||
| CHAPTER 109 Musculoskeletal Injuries in the Western Performance Horse | 492 | ||
| TEAM ROPING | 492 | ||
| BARREL RACING | 493 | ||
| CUTTING HORSES | 493 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 494 | ||
| CHAPTER 110 Diagnostic Imaging and Surgical Management of Conditions Involving the Stifle Joint | 495 | ||
| IMAGING MODALITIES | 495 | ||
| IDENTIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF STIFLE LESIONS | 497 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 499 | ||
| CHAPTER 111 Ultrasound of the Shoulder | 500 | ||
| TECHNIQUE | 500 | ||
| ULTRASOUND-GUIDED PROCEDURES | 505 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 505 | ||
| CHAPTER 112 Hypochoeris radicata–Associated Stringhalt | 506 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 506 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 506 | ||
| TREATMENT | 506 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 507 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 507 | ||
| CHAPTER 113 Osteoarthritis | 508 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS AND DIAGNOSIS | 508 | ||
| THERAPY | 509 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 511 | ||
| CHAPTER 114 Osteochondrosis | 512 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 512 | ||
| CLINICAL FINDINGS | 513 | ||
| THE FUTURE | 517 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 517 | ||
| CHAPTER 115 Management of Tendon Injuries | 518 | ||
| ANTI-INFLAMMATORY THERAPY | 519 | ||
| CONTROLLED EXERCISE | 519 | ||
| STEM CELL THERAPY | 519 | ||
| GROWTH FACTORS | 521 | ||
| PLATELET-RICH PLASMA | 521 | ||
| SCAFFOLD-BASED APPROACH (ACELL VET POWDER) | 522 | ||
| EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK-WAVE THERAPY | 522 | ||
| SURGICAL OPTIONS | 523 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 523 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 523 | ||
| CHAPTER 116 Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Therapy and Radial Pressure-Wave Therapy | 524 | ||
| SHOCK-WAVE GENERATORS | 524 | ||
| RADIAl PRESSURE-WAVE GENERATORS | 526 | ||
| EQUIPMENT SElECTION | 527 | ||
| UPDATE ON APPlICATIONS OF SHOCK-WAVE THERAPY IN HORSES | 527 | ||
| POTENTIAl COMPlICATIONS | 528 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 528 | ||
| Websites | 528 | ||
| CHAPTER 117 Regional Limb Perfusion with Antimicrobials | 529 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 530 | ||
| TECHNIQUE | 530 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 530 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 530 | ||
| CHAPTER 118 White line disease | 532 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 532 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 532 | ||
| TREATMENT | 533 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 534 | ||
| CHAPTER 119 PASTERN AND HEEL BULB LACERATIONS | 535 | ||
| PASTERN AND HEEL BULB LACERATIONS | 535 | ||
| HOOF-WALL AVULSION INJURIES | 537 | ||
| PUNCTURE WOUNDS | 539 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 540 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 540 | ||
| CHAPTER 120 Pathogenesis of Laminitis | 541 | ||
| SEPSIS-RELATED LAMINITIS | 541 | ||
| LAMINITIS DUE TO EXCESSIVE FORCE | 542 | ||
| OBESITY, INSULIN RESISTANCE, METABOLIC SYNDROME | 542 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 542 | ||
| CHAPTER 121 Pharmacologic Management of Laminitis | 543 | ||
| ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MEDICATIONS | 543 | ||
| SYSTEMIC AND LOCAL ANALGESIA | 544 | ||
| USE OF VASOACTIVE DRUGS | 545 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 546 | ||
| CHAPTER 122 Prevention of Pasture-Associated Laminitis | 547 | ||
| CARBOHYDRATES IN PASTURE PLANTS | 547 | ||
| EQUINE CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION AND METABOLISM | 547 | ||
| CAUSES OF PASTURE-ASSOCIATED LAMINITIS | 547 | ||
| COUNTERMEASURES TO PASTURE-ASSOCIATED LAMINITIS | 548 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 549 | ||
| CHAPTER 123 Chronic Laminitis | 550 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHRONIC LAMINITIS | 550 | ||
| PRESENTATION, DIAGNOSIS, AND EVALUATION | 551 | ||
| RADIOLOGY | 551 | ||
| OUTCOME AND PROGNOSIS | 552 | ||
| TREATMENT | 552 | ||
| TREATMENT FAILURE | 559 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 560 | ||
| CHAPTER 124 Ultrasound of the Distal Portion of the Limb | 561 | ||
| PREPARATION OF THE HORSE AND LIMB | 561 | ||
| STRUCTURES OF THE DISTAL PORTION OF THE LIMB | 562 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 566 | ||
| CHAPTER 125 Diagnostic Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Horses with Foot Pain | 567 | ||
| BRIEF OVERVIEW OF MRI PHYSICS | 567 | ||
| DISTRIBUTION OF TISSUE INJURIES WITHIN THE FOOT | 570 | ||
| MULTIPLE INJURIES | 571 | ||
| PROGNOSIS FOR MRI-IDENTIFIED LESIONS | 572 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 572 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 572 | ||
| CHAPTER 126 PATHOLOGIC CHANGES | 573 | ||
| PATHOLOGIC CHANGES | 573 | ||
| CLINICAL EXAMINATION | 573 | ||
| IMAGING MODALITIES | 574 | ||
| TREATMENT | 577 | ||
| OUTCOME | 578 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 578 | ||
| CHAPTER 127 Deep Digital Flexor Tendon Injuries in the Foot | 579 | ||
| ANATOMY AND JUNCTION OF THE DDFT | 579 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 579 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 579 | ||
| CLINICAL EXAMINATION | 580 | ||
| IMAGING MODALITIES | 581 | ||
| TREATMENT AND OUTCOME | 584 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 584 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 584 | ||
| CHAPTER 128 ossification of the Cartilages of the Foot (Sidebone) | 586 | ||
| PREVALENCE OF OSSIFICATION | 586 | ||
| FUNCTIONS OF THE CARTILAGES OF THE FOOT | 586 | ||
| OSSIFICATION OF THE CARTILAGES of the foot AND LAMENESS | 587 | ||
| SCINTIGRAPHY AND OSSIFICATION OF THE CARTILAGES OF THE FOOT | 587 | ||
| CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT | 588 | ||
| FRACTURE OF AN OSSIFIED CARTILAGE OF THE FOOT | 588 | ||
| OSSEOUS TRAUMA OF THE DISTAL PHALANX DISTAL TO AN OSSIFIED CARTILAGE | 590 | ||
| TRAUMA TO THE UNION OF SEPARATE CENTERS OF OSSIFICATION | 591 | ||
| INFECTION OF A CARTILAGE OF THE FOOT | 592 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 592 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 592 | ||
| CHAPTER 129 Rehabilitation Therapy | 593 | ||
| MECHANICAL WAVE AGENT-THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND | 593 | ||
| ELECTRIC CURRENTS | 594 | ||
| ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES | 595 | ||
| THE EQUINE THERAPIST ON STAFF | 596 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 596 | ||
| SECTION X The Nervous System | 598 | ||
| CHAPTER 130 making a Neuroanatomic Diagnosis | 598 | ||
| DEFINITION OF THE DISCRETE COMPONENTS OF THE INTRACRANIAL REGION | 598 | ||
| GENERAL CLINICAL SIGNS OF SPINAL CORD DYSFUNCTION | 600 | ||
| GENERAL CLINICAL SIGNS OF NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM DYSFUNCTION | 602 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 602 | ||
| CHAPTER 131 Diagnostic Imaging in Neurologic Disease | 603 | ||
| SKULL | 603 | ||
| CERVICAL PORTION OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN | 604 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 608 | ||
| CHAPTER 132 Ataxia | 609 | ||
| INTRACRANIAL CONDITIONS | 609 | ||
| CONDITIONS INVOLVING THE SPINAL CORD | 609 | ||
| CERVICAL VERTEBRAL STENOTIC MYELOPATHY | 609 | ||
| VERTEBRAL FACET ARTHRITIS | 612 | ||
| VERTEBRAL BODY OSTEOMYELITIS | 613 | ||
| VERMINOUS MYELITIS | 613 | ||
| EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS | 613 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 614 | ||
| CHAPTER 133 Equine Motor Neuron Disease | 615 | ||
| CLINICAL FINDINGS | 615 | ||
| LABORATORY FINDINGS AND DIAGNOSIS | 615 | ||
| TREATMENT | 616 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 616 | ||
| PREVENTION | 616 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 616 | ||
| CHAPTER 134 Alphaviral Encephalomyelitis (EEE, WEE, VEE) | 618 | ||
| HISTORY AND DISTRIBUTION | 618 | ||
| NATURAL HISTORY | 618 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 619 | ||
| LABORATORY FINDINGS | 619 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 620 | ||
| TREATMENT | 620 | ||
| NECROPSY FINDINGS | 620 | ||
| CONTROL | 620 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 621 | ||
| CHAPTER 135 West Nile Encephalitis | 622 | ||
| HISTORY AND DISTRIBUTION | 622 | ||
| NATURAL HISTORY | 622 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 623 | ||
| LABORATORY FINDINGS | 623 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 624 | ||
| TREATMENT | 624 | ||
| NECROPSY FINDINGS | 624 | ||
| CONTROL | 625 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 625 | ||
| CHAPTER 136 Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis | 626 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND LIFE CYCLE | 626 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 626 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 626 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 627 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 627 | ||
| TREATMENT | 628 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 629 | ||
| PREVENTION | 629 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 629 | ||
| CHAPTER 137 Atypical Myopathy | 630 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS, AND SUSPECTED CAUSES | 630 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 631 | ||
| PREVENTION AND THERAPY | 633 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 634 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 634 | ||
| SECTION XI The Eye | 635 | ||
| CHAPTER 138 Equine Recurrent Uveitis | 635 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 635 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 635 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 636 | ||
| TREATMENT | 636 | ||
| LONG-TERM PROGNOSIS | 637 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 638 | ||
| CHAPTER 139 Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 639 | ||
| EXAMINATION AND DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES | 639 | ||
| TREATMENT | 640 | ||
| SUMMARY | 643 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 644 | ||
| CHAPTER 140 Eosinophilic Keratoconjunctivitis | 645 | ||
| HISTORY AND CLINICAL SIGNS | 645 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 645 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 646 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 647 | ||
| CHAPTER 141 Medical and Surgical Therapies for Ulcerative Keratitis | 648 | ||
| TREATING THE EQUINE CORNEA | 648 | ||
| MEDICAL TREATMENT OF CORNEAL ULCERS | 649 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CORNEAL ULCERS | 650 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 651 | ||
| CHAPTER 142 Complications of Chronic Ocular Disease | 652 | ||
| MEDICAL TREATMENT | 652 | ||
| SURGICAL THERAPY | 654 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 654 | ||
| CHAPTER 143 Enucleation | 655 | ||
| ENUCLEATION AND ORBITAL PROSTHESIS | 655 | ||
| ENUCLEATION IN THE STANDING HORSE | 657 | ||
| SURGICAL CLOSURE OF ENUCLEATION | 658 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 658 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 658 | ||
| CHAPTER 144 Intraocular Surgery | 659 | ||
| CATARACTS | 659 | ||
| LENS LUXATION | 661 | ||
| INTRAOCULAR FOREIGN BODIES | 662 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 663 | ||
| CHAPTER 145 Acute Care of Soft Tissue Injuries Involving the Eyelids, Ears, and Face | 664 | ||
| EYELIDS | 664 | ||
| EARS | 665 | ||
| FACE | 665 | ||
| LIPS | 666 | ||
| NOSTRILS | 667 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 667 | ||
| CHAPTER 146 Electrodiagnostic Testingfor for Retinal Disease | 668 | ||
| TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY | 668 | ||
| THE ELECTRORETINOGRAM IN CLINICALLY NORMAL HORSES | 670 | ||
| CLINICAL INDICATIONS FOR ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY | 670 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 671 | ||
| SECTION XII The Integument | 672 | ||
| CHAPTER 147 Topical Treatments for Skin Disease | 672 | ||
| TOPICAL FORMULATIONS | 672 | ||
| INGREDIENTS | 673 | ||
| USES OF TOPICAL TREATMENTS | 674 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 677 | ||
| CHAPTER 148 Insect Hypersensitivities | 678 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 678 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 678 | ||
| TREATMENT | 679 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 680 | ||
| CHAPTER 149 Non-neoplastic Nodular and Proliferative lesions | 681 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 681 | ||
| EXUBERANT GRANULATION TISSUE | 682 | ||
| EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA | 682 | ||
| CYSTS | 683 | ||
| HABRONEMIASIS | 684 | ||
| FUNGAL GRANULOMA | 684 | ||
| OTHER GRANULOMAS | 684 | ||
| BACTERIAL PSEUDOMYCETOMA (BOTRYOMYCOSIS) | 685 | ||
| PSEUDOLYMPHOMA | 685 | ||
| CALCINOSIS CIRCUMSCRIPTA | 685 | ||
| NODULAR AURICULAR CHONDROPATHY | 685 | ||
| OTHER LESIONS | 685 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 686 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 686 | ||
| CHAPTER 150 Fungal Skin Diseases | 687 | ||
| SUPERFICIAL FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF THE SKIN | 687 | ||
| SUBCUTANEOUS FUNGAL INFECTIONS | 689 | ||
| SYSTEMIC FUNGAL INFECTIONS | 691 | ||
| TAPE CYTOLOGY | 691 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 691 | ||
| CHAPTER 151 Skin Tumors | 692 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 692 | ||
| SARCOID | 693 | ||
| SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA | 694 | ||
| MELANOCYTIC TUMORS | 694 | ||
| TREATMENT | 695 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 697 | ||
| CHAPTER 152 New Developments in Diagnosis and Treatment of Equine Sarcoid | 698 | ||
| SITE PREDILECTION | 698 | ||
| MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION | 698 | ||
| VIRAL ETIOLOGY | 699 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS OF EQUINE SARCOID | 699 | ||
| TREATMENT | 700 | ||
| PREVENTION | 702 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 702 | ||
| CHAPTER 153 Chronic Progressive Lymphedema in draft Horses | 703 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 703 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 704 | ||
| TREATMENT | 704 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 705 | ||
| CHAPTER 154 CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 706 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 706 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 706 | ||
| TREATMENT | 706 | ||
| GENETICS | 706 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 708 | ||
| CHAPTER 155 Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Disease* | 709 | ||
| HEREDITARY DISEASES | 709 | ||
| ACQUIRED DISEASES | 710 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 712 | ||
| CHAPTER 156 INITIAL ASSESSMENT | 713 | ||
| INITIAL ASSESSMENT | 713 | ||
| WOUND PREPARATION AND EVALUATION | 714 | ||
| SELECTION OF TREATMENT PLAN | 715 | ||
| ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS | 716 | ||
| SUMMARY | 717 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 717 | ||
| CHAPTER 157 Management of Wounds in High-Motion Areas | 718 | ||
| HEEL BULB AND PASTERN AND FETLOCK LACERATIONS | 718 | ||
| WOUNDS OVER PROXIMAL JOINTS | 719 | ||
| HEAD WOUNDS | 719 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 720 | ||
| CHAPTER 158 Skin Grafting | 721 | ||
| TYPES OF GRAFTS | 721 | ||
| GRAFT PHYSIOLOGY | 721 | ||
| PREPARATION OF THE WOUND BED | 722 | ||
| PREPARATION OF THE DONOR SITE | 722 | ||
| PREPARATION OF THE RECIPIENT SITE | 724 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE WOUND MANAGEMENT | 725 | ||
| SUMMARY | 725 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 726 | ||
| SECTION XIII The Endocrine System | 727 | ||
| CHAPTER 159 Insulin Resistance and Equine Metabolic Syndrome | 727 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 727 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 728 | ||
| TESTING FOR INSULIN RESISTANCE | 729 | ||
| MANAGING OBESITY | 729 | ||
| MANAGING INSULIN RESISTANCE | 730 | ||
| RELATIONSHIP WITH PITUITARY PARS INTERMEDIA DYSFUNCTION | 730 | ||
| USE OF LEVOTHYROXINE SODIUM | 730 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 731 | ||
| CHAPTER 160 Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction | 732 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 732 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 732 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 733 | ||
| CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS | 733 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 733 | ||
| TREATMENT | 734 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 735 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 735 | ||
| CHAPTER 161 Thyroid Disease | 736 | ||
| THYROID GLAND NEOPLASIA | 736 | ||
| HYPERTHYROIDISM | 736 | ||
| HYPOTHYROIDISM | 737 | ||
| NONTHYROIDAL ILLNESS SYNDROME | 737 | ||
| THYROID HORMONE SUPPLEMENTATION IN ADULT HORSES | 738 | ||
| THYROID FUNCTION IN NORMAL NEONATAL FOALS | 738 | ||
| CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM: GOITER | 739 | ||
| CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM—WESTERN SYNDROME | 739 | ||
| PREMATURITY AND THYROID FUNCTION | 740 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 740 | ||
| SECTION XIV The Urogenital System | 741 | ||
| CHAPTER 162 Management of Bladder Uroliths | 741 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 741 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 741 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION | 742 | ||
| SELECTION OF OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE | 742 | ||
| SURGICAL PROCEDURES | 742 | ||
| LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT | 744 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 744 | ||
| CHAPTER 163 Hematuria | 745 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 745 | ||
| TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS | 746 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 747 | ||
| CHAPTER 164 Clinical Pathology of Renal Disease | 748 | ||
| SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY | 748 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 752 | ||
| CHAPTER 165 Diseases of the Accessory Sex Glands of the Stallion | 753 | ||
| BACTERIAL INFECTIONS | 753 | ||
| NEOPLASIA | 754 | ||
| SPERMIOSTASIS | 754 | ||
| EQUINE VIRAL ARTERITIS | 754 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 755 | ||
| CHAPTER 166 Inguinal Hernia | 756 | ||
| CONGENITAL INGUINAL HERNIA | 756 | ||
| ACQUIRED INGUINAL HERNIA | 758 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 759 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 759 | ||
| CHAPTER 167 Diseases of the External genitalia of Stallions | 760 | ||
| TRAUMATIC INJURIES | 760 | ||
| INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS | 761 | ||
| GENITAL NEOPLASMS AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS | 762 | ||
| TESTICULAR TORSION | 763 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 763 | ||
| CHAPTER 168 Conditions of the External Genitalia of Mares | 764 | ||
| EXAMINATION OF THE PERINEUM | 764 | ||
| CASLICK’S INDEX | 765 | ||
| CASLICK SUTURE | 765 | ||
| PERINEAL LACERATIONS | 765 | ||
| RECTOVAGINAL FISTULAS | 766 | ||
| VARICOSITIES | 766 | ||
| INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA | 766 | ||
| NEOPLASIA | 766 | ||
| CONGENITAL PROBLEMS | 767 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 768 | ||
| CHAPTER 169 Diseases of the Uterus | 769 | ||
| REPRODUCTIVE EXAMINATION OF THE NONPREGNANT MARE | 769 | ||
| ENDOMETRITIS | 770 | ||
| SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED UTERINE DISEASES | 772 | ||
| OTHER POTENTIALLY SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED BACTERIA | 772 | ||
| ENDOMETRIOSIS | 772 | ||
| VENTRAL SACCULATIONS | 773 | ||
| ENDOMETRIAL CYSTS | 773 | ||
| TRANSLUMINAL ADHESIONS | 774 | ||
| PYOMETRA | 774 | ||
| NEOPLASMS | 774 | ||
| UTERINE LACERATIONS | 775 | ||
| UTERINE ARTERY RUPTURE | 775 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 776 | ||
| CHAPTER 170 Prevention of Estrous Behavior in Performance Mares | 777 | ||
| PERSISTENT ESTRUS | 777 | ||
| PELVIC PAIN DURING ESTRUS | 777 | ||
| PNEUMOVAGINA AS A CAUSE OF PELVIC PAIN | 777 | ||
| HORMONAL METHODS OF ESTRUS SUPPRESSION | 778 | ||
| NONHORMONAL METHODS OF ESTRUS SUPPRESSION | 779 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 780 | ||
| CHAPTER 171 Ovariectomy Techniques | 781 | ||
| NEOPLASTIC OVARIES | 781 | ||
| NORMAL OVARIES | 782 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 784 | ||
| SECTION XV Reproduction | 785 | ||
| CHAPTER 172 Complications in the Peripartum Mare | 785 | ||
| PERIPARTUM PROBLEMS | 785 | ||
| PREPARTUM PROBLEMS | 786 | ||
| PROBLEMS AT PARTURITION | 788 | ||
| POSTPARTUM PROBLEMS | 788 | ||
| OTHER CONDITIONS | 788 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 788 | ||
| CHAPTER 173 Postpartum Complications in the Mare | 789 | ||
| NORMAL POSTPARTUM STATUS | 789 | ||
| EARLY RECOGNITION OF POTENTIAL PROBLEMS | 789 | ||
| UTERINE RUPTURE | 789 | ||
| PARTIAL INVERSION (INTUSSUSCEPTION) OF THE UTERINE HORN | 790 | ||
| UTERINE PROLAPSE | 790 | ||
| PERIPARTURIENT HEMORRHAGE | 791 | ||
| RETENTION OF THE FETAL MEMBRANES | 793 | ||
| TOXIC METRITIS | 795 | ||
| RECTOVAGINAL FISTULAS AND PERINEAL LACERATIONS | 795 | ||
| PERINEAL BRUISING AND VULVAR HEMATOMAS | 795 | ||
| VAGINAL LACERATIONS AND BLADDER PROLAPSE | 795 | ||
| INTESTINAL HERNIATION | 796 | ||
| BLADDER PROLAPSE | 796 | ||
| EVERSION OF THE URINARY BLADDER | 796 | ||
| RUPTURE OF THE URINARY BLADDER | 796 | ||
| RECTAL PROLAPSE | 796 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS GASTROINTESTINAL COMPLICATIONS | 797 | ||
| POSTPARTUM ECLAMPSIA (LACTATION TETANY) | 797 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 797 | ||
| CHAPTER 174 newer Techniques for Artificial Insemination | 799 | ||
| EQUIPMENT | 799 | ||
| SEMEN DEPOSITION AND SPERM TRANSPORT | 799 | ||
| SPERM NUMBERS | 799 | ||
| ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION WITH LOW NUMBERS OF SPERM | 800 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 801 | ||
| CHAPTER 175 Semen Collection and Shipping | 802 | ||
| METHODS OF SEMEN COLLECTION | 802 | ||
| SEMEN FILTRATION | 803 | ||
| COLLECTION FAILURE | 803 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC EJACULATION | 804 | ||
| SEMEN COLLECTION | 804 | ||
| SHIPPING OF SEMEN | 804 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 805 | ||
| CHAPTER 176 Embryo Transfer in Private Practice | 806 | ||
| STALLION AND SEMEN SELECTION | 806 | ||
| SELECTION OF DONOR MARES | 806 | ||
| RECIPIENT MARE SELECTION | 807 | ||
| DONOR-RECIPIENT SYNCHRONIZATION | 807 | ||
| EMBRYO COLLECTION | 808 | ||
| EMBRYO QUALITY | 808 | ||
| COOLED EMBRYOS FOR SHIPMENT | 808 | ||
| EMBRYO TRANSFER TECHNIQUE | 808 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 810 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 810 | ||
| CHAPTER 177 Ovarian Diseases | 811 | ||
| AGE, SEASON, AND NUTRITION | 811 | ||
| POSTPARTUM ANESTRUS | 811 | ||
| CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES | 812 | ||
| EQUINE CUSHING’S DISEASE | 812 | ||
| EXOGENOUS HORMONE TREATMENT | 812 | ||
| GnRH VACCINES | 812 | ||
| GRANULOSA CELL TUMOR | 812 | ||
| CYSTADENOMA | 813 | ||
| TERATOMA AND DYSGERMINOMA | 813 | ||
| ANOVULATORY FOLLICLES | 813 | ||
| LUTEAL INSUFFICIENCY | 813 | ||
| PERSISTENT CORPUS LUTEUM | 814 | ||
| SHORTENED LUTEAL PHASE (PREMATURE LUTEOLYSIS) | 814 | ||
| INCLUSION CYSTS AND PAROVARIAN CYSTS | 814 | ||
| ABERRANT BEHAVIOR | 814 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 814 | ||
| CHAPTER 178 Infertility in the Aged Mare | 815 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES | 815 | ||
| CAUSES AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC INFERTILITY IN AGED MARES | 817 | ||
| ADMINISTRATION OF CORTICOSTEROIDS FOR TREATMENT OF INTRAUTERINE FLUID ACCUMULATION | 822 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 822 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 823 | ||
| CHAPTER 179 Pregnancy diagnosis | 824 | ||
| RECTAL PALPATION | 824 | ||
| CERVICAL EXAMINATION | 824 | ||
| TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY | 824 | ||
| OTHER TESTS OF PREGNANCY | 827 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 829 | ||
| CHAPTER 180 Early Embryonic loss | 830 | ||
| INCIDENCE | 830 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 830 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 831 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 831 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 833 | ||
| CHAPTER 181 Placentitis | 834 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 834 | ||
| CLINICAL MANAGEMENT | 835 | ||
| FETAL EFFECTS, ASSESSMENT, AND CLINICAL MANAGEMENT | 835 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 835 | ||
| CHAPTER 182 Causes of Abortion | 836 | ||
| INFECTIOUS CAUSES OF ABORTION AND NEONATAL LOSS | 836 | ||
| NONINFECTIOUS CAUSES OF ABORTION OR STILLBIRTH | 838 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 842 | ||
| CHAPTER 183 Diagnostic Approach to Abortion | 843 | ||
| ABORTION CAUSED BY MATERNAL ILLNESS VERSUS BY FETAL INFECTION | 843 | ||
| GROSS EXAMINATION OF THE EQUINE FETUS AND PLACENTA | 844 | ||
| GENERAL SAMPLE COLLECTION TECHNIQUES | 845 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 845 | ||
| CHAPTER 184 Managing the High-Risk Pregnancy | 846 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES | 846 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 847 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 847 | ||
| SECTION XVI The Foal | 848 | ||
| CHAPTER 185 Rescuing Foals during Dystocia | 848 | ||
| FETAL RESUSCITATION | 848 | ||
| EXIT | 848 | ||
| MONITORING RESUSCITATION | 849 | ||
| BIRTH RESUSCITATION | 850 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 850 | ||
| CHAPTER 186 Placental Evaluation for Assessment of Foal Problems and Maternal Reproductive Health | 851 | ||
| THE NORMAL PLACENTA | 851 | ||
| FACTORS AFFECTING PLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION | 852 | ||
| EFFECTS OF PLACENTAL CHANGES ON THE FETUS | 853 | ||
| SUMMARY | 856 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 857 | ||
| CHAPTER 187 meconium impaction | 858 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 858 | ||
| RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS | 858 | ||
| TREATMENT | 858 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 859 | ||
| CHAPTER 188 Assays for Evaluation of Transfer of Passive Immunity | 860 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 861 | ||
| CHAPTER 189 The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome | 862 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 863 | ||
| TREATMENT | 863 | ||
| FUTURE THERAPIES | 865 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 866 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 866 | ||
| CHAPTER 190 Management of the Sick neonatal Foal in the Field | 867 | ||
| HISTORY | 867 | ||
| CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF A NEONATAL FOAL | 867 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF THE FOAL WITH GENERALIZED WEAKNESS | 867 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF THE FOAL WITH SIGNS OR RISK FACTORS OF BIRTH ASPHYXIA | 868 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF COLIC AND ABDOMINAL DISTENSION IN THE FOAL | 868 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 869 | ||
| CHAPTER 191 Inflammatory Bowel diseases in Foals | 870 | ||
| NONINFECTIOUS CAUSES OF BOWEL INFLAMMATION | 870 | ||
| INFECTIOUS CAUSES OF BOWEL INFLAMMATION | 871 | ||
| INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN THE OLDER FOAL | 873 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC GUIDELINES FOR FOALS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE | 874 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 875 | ||
| CHAPTER 192 Examination of the Foal with Colic | 876 | ||
| HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 876 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 876 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 877 | ||
| MAINTAINING FLUID VOLUME | 878 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES | 878 | ||
| SURGICAL DECISION MAKING | 881 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 881 | ||
| CHAPTER 193 Urogenital Disease in Foals | 882 | ||
| PATENT URACHUS | 882 | ||
| UMBILICAL HERNIAS | 883 | ||
| OMPHALITIS-OMPHALOPHLEBITIS | 883 | ||
| UROPERITONEUM | 884 | ||
| RENAL DISEASE | 885 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 886 | ||
| CHAPTER 194 Angular Limb Deformities | 887 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 887 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 888 | ||
| TREATMENT | 889 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 890 | ||
| CHAPTER 195 Juvenile Idiopathic Epilepsy in Arabian Foals of Egyptian lineage | 891 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 891 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 891 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 891 | ||
| TREATMENT | 892 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 893 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 893 | ||
| SECTION XVII Miscellaneous | 894 | ||
| CHAPTRE 196 The Geriatric Horse | 894 | ||
| NORMAL AGING CHANGES | 894 | ||
| DISEASES OF THE AGED HORSE | 895 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 897 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 897 | ||
| CHAPTER 197 Diagnostic Approach to Chronic Weight Loss | 898 | ||
| CAUSES OF CHRONIC WEIGHT LOSS | 898 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH | 900 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 901 | ||
| CHAPTER 198 Integrative Medicine: Applications of Acupuncture | 902 | ||
| NEUROPHYSIOLOGIC BASIS OF ACUPUNCTURE | 903 | ||
| EASTERN THEORY OF ACUPUNCTURE | 903 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC ACUPUNCTURE EXAMINATION | 903 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF ACUPUNCTURE | 904 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 906 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 907 | ||
| CHAPTER 199 Stem Cell Therapy | 908 | ||
| STEM CELL BIOLOGY | 908 | ||
| SOURCES OF STEM CELLS | 908 | ||
| APPLICATIONS IN EQUINE PRACTICE | 909 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 910 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 911 | ||
| CHAPTER 200 Purchasing Laser Equipment | 912 | ||
| RESEARCHING EQUIPMENT | 912 | ||
| LINKS TO LASER WEBSITES | 913 | ||
| CHAPTER 201 Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy | 914 | ||
| HISTORY OF HYPERBARIC CHAMBERS | 914 | ||
| PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF HYPERBARIC THERAPY | 914 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS OF HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY | 916 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY | 916 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY | 916 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 917 | ||
| CHAPTER 202 maintenance of Horses in Slings | 918 | ||
| TYPES OF SLINGS | 918 | ||
| CLINICAL INDICATIONS | 918 | ||
| APPLICATION OF THE SLING | 920 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 921 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 921 | ||
| CHAPTER 203 Nursing Care of the Recumbent Horse | 922 | ||
| POSTURAL ADJUSTMENTS | 922 | ||
| STIMULUS REDUCTION AND SEDATION TO LIMIT THRASHING | 922 | ||
| NUTRITION AND HYDRATION | 923 | ||
| FLUID THERAPY | 923 | ||
| URINARY AND FECAL CARE AND HYGIENE | 923 | ||
| SKIN AND WOUND CARE | 924 | ||
| SLINGS AND LIFTS TO CHECK STANDING ABILITY | 924 | ||
| PHYSICAL AND MENTAL THERAPY | 925 | ||
| COMMON COMPLICATIONS | 925 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 925 | ||
| CHAPTER 204 The Exhausted Horse | 926 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 926 | ||
| CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS | 926 | ||
| TREATMENT | 927 | ||
| PROGNOSIS AND SEQUELAE | 928 | ||
| PREVENTION | 929 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 929 | ||
| CHAPTER 205 Rattlesnake Envenomation | 930 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS | 930 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 930 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 930 | ||
| TREATMENT | 930 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 932 | ||
| CHAPTER 206 Mycotoxins | 933 | ||
| GRAIN-ASSOCIATED MYCOTOXICOSES | 933 | ||
| FORAGE-ASSOCIATED MYCOTOXICOSES | 934 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 935 | ||
| CHAPTER 207 Malignant Hyperthermia | 936 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 936 | ||
| CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS | 936 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 936 | ||
| TREATMENT AND PREVENTION | 937 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 937 | ||
| Appendix 1 Table of Common drugs, Approximate doses | 939 | ||
| Appendix 2 Clinical Pathology Reference Data | 956 | ||
| HEMATOLOGY (Tables 1 to 3) | 956 | ||
| COAGULATION TESTS | 956 | ||
| PROTEINS (Tables 4 and 5) | 957 | ||
| GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM INCLUDING THE LIVER | 957 | ||
| LIVER FUNCTION TESTING (Tables 6 to 8) | 958 | ||
| ELECTROLYTES AND OSMOLALITY | 958 | ||
| CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM | 958 | ||
| URINARY SYSTEM | 959 | ||
| MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM | 959 | ||
| ENDOCRINOLOGY | 959 | ||
| CEREBROSPINAL FLUID | 959 | ||
| PERITONEAL FLUID | 960 | ||
| PLEURAL FLUID | 960 | ||
| RESPIRATORY SYSTEM CYTOLOGY | 960 | ||
| SYNOVIAL FLUID | 960 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS TESTS | 961 | ||
| References | 978 | ||
| Color Plates 1-6 | 1 | ||
| Color Plates 7-13 | 2 | ||
| Color Plates 14-19 | 1 | ||
| Color Plates 20-31 | 1 | ||
| Index | 981 | ||
| Index to the Fifth Edition | 1021 |