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Book Details
Abstract
The latest edition of the critically acclaimed Small Animal Endoscopy presents informative, practical, and up-to-date guidance on endoscopic indications, instrumentation, patient preparation, and techniques. Todd R. Tams and Clarence A. Rawlings, the foremost experts in veterinary endoscopy, provide the novice as well as the advanced practitioner with the information needed to deliver the safest, high-quality endoscopic services for small animals, including avian and exotics. Chapters are organized consistently and lavishly illustrated to help you easily find and understand key concepts and procedures. This edition includes a companion website with expert demonstrations of techniques.
- Enables you to deliver the safest, high quality care and a wider range of services to the pets of increasingly concerned and savvy owners.
- Features cutting-edge information on minimally invasive procedures to improve diagnostic accuracy, reduce operating time, improve success, minimize post-operative stress and pain, and promote faster healing.
- Helps you recognize the many indications for endoscopy in everyday practice.
- Covers a vast range of topics in a clear, concise and readable style.
- Describes instrumentation, examination, and sample procurement techniques in detail.
- Shows both normal and abnormal findings you may encounter during a procedure in an atlas of images in relevant chapters.
- Provides minimally invasive examination and surgical options for veterinarians treating uniquely sensitive avian and exotic patients.
- Provides step-by-step instructions on specific techniques.
- Helps beginners master endoscopic diagnosis and treatment and more experienced endoscopists utilize their endoscopic equipment to its fullest capacity.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| IFC | IFC | ||
| Small Animal Endoscopy | iii | ||
| Copyright\r | iv | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Acknowledgments | xi | ||
| Contents | xiii | ||
| Part One - Flexible Endoscopy\r | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1 - Endoscopic Instrumentation and Documentation for Flexible and Rigid Endoscopy | 3 | ||
| ENDOSCOPE SYSTEM | 3 | ||
| FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPES | 3 | ||
| RIGID AND SEMIRIGID ENDOSCOPES | 9 | ||
| LIGHT SOURCES | 13 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC IMAGING SYSTEMS | 15 | ||
| HIGH-DEFINITION VIDEO | 17 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC PHOTO AND VIDEO DOCUMENTATION | 18 | ||
| PUMPS AND INSUFFLATORS | 19 | ||
| FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPY | 19 | ||
| RIGID ENDOSCOPY | 19 | ||
| CLEANING, DISINFECTION, AND STERILIZATION | 20 | ||
| Chapter 2 - Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Instrumentation, Handling Technique, Training, and Implementation in Practice | 27 | ||
| THE DECISION TO PURCHASE AN ENDOSCOPE | 27 | ||
| TRAINING | 28 | ||
| SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION AND MARKETING OF ENDOSCOPY SERVICES | 29 | ||
| SELECTION OF ENDOSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS: MAKING THE CORRECT CHOICE | 30 | ||
| THE SIDE-VIEWING ENDOSCOPE | 32 | ||
| ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT | 32 | ||
| PURCHASE OF USED EQUIPMENT | 32 | ||
| CARE, HANDLING, AND PREPARATION FOR PROCEDURES | 33 | ||
| THE ENDOSCOPY ASSISTANT | 35 | ||
| HANDLING THE ENDOSCOPE | 36 | ||
| THE ENDOSCOPE–BODY POSITION RELATIONSHIP | 38 | ||
| CONVENTIONAL TERMINOLOGY | 38 | ||
| CLEANING | 40 | ||
| EQUIPMENT STORAGE | 40 | ||
| Chapter 3 - Esophagoscopy | 41 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 41 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 42 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION AND RESTRAINT | 42 | ||
| ESOPHAGOSCOPY PROCEDURE | 43 | ||
| SAMPLE PROCUREMENT | 44 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE AND COMPLICATIONS | 44 | ||
| Atlas pages 46-94 | 45 | ||
| Atlas pages 46-94 | 46 | ||
| ATLAS FOR APPEARANCE OF THE NORMAL ESOPHAGUS | 46 | ||
| ATLAS FOR MEGAESOPHAGUS | 50 | ||
| ATLAS FOR DIVERTICULA | 53 | ||
| ATLAS FOR VASCULAR RING ANOMALIES | 55 | ||
| ATLAS FOR ESOPHAGITIS | 60 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 60 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 64 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS AND ENDOSCOPIC FINDINGS | 65 | ||
| ATLAS FOR ESOPHAGEAL STRICTURE | 66 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 66 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 66 | ||
| RADIOGRAPHY | 67 | ||
| ESOPHAGOSCOPY | 67 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF STRICTURES | 69 | ||
| ATLAS FOR ESOPHAGEAL PERFORATION | 80 | ||
| ATLAS FOR ESOPHAGEAL FISTULA | 81 | ||
| ATLAS FOR HIATAL HERNIA | 82 | ||
| ATLAS FOR GASTROESOPHAGEAL INTUSSUSCEPTION | 87 | ||
| ATLAS FOR ESOPHAGEAL NEOPLASIA | 90 | ||
| ATLAS FOR PERIESOPHAGEAL MASSES | 94 | ||
| REFERENCES | 95 | ||
| Chapter 4 - Gastroscopy | 97 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 97 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 98 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION | 98 | ||
| ANESTHESIA AND POSITIONING | 98 | ||
| PROCEDURE | 99 | ||
| GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION | 99 | ||
| PROXIMAL STOMACH AND GASTRIC BODY | 99 | ||
| RETROVERSION (J MANEUVER) | 102 | ||
| PARADOXIC MOTION AND INADVERTENT RETROVERSION | 103 | ||
| ANTRUM | 105 | ||
| PYLORUS | 105 | ||
| FELINE GASTROSCOPY: SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS | 107 | ||
| GASTRIC BIOPSY TECHNIQUES | 108 | ||
| CYTOLOGY | 112 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF GASTROSCOPY | 113 | ||
| ATLAS PAGES 115-172 | 113 | ||
| Atlas pages 115-172 | 114 | ||
| ATLAS FOR NORMAL APPEARANCES: CANINE STOMACH | 115 | ||
| ATLAS FOR RUGAL APPEARANCES | 116 | ||
| ATLAS FOR RESIDUAL GASTRIC JUICE | 117 | ||
| ATLAS FOR ANGULUS AND RETROVERSION (J MANEUVER) | 118 | ||
| ATLAS FOR ANTRAL CONTRACTIONS | 122 | ||
| ATLAS FOR CANINE ANTRUM AND PYLORUS: NORMAL APPEARANCES | 123 | ||
| ATLAS FOR PYLORUS: DIFFICULT CASES | 125 | ||
| ATLAS FOR PYLORUS: OBSTRUCTED VIEW | 129 | ||
| ATLAS FOR NORMAL APPEARANCES: FELINE STOMACH | 131 | ||
| ATLAS FOR FELINE ANTRUM AND PYLORUS: NORMAL APPEARANCES | 134 | ||
| ATLAS FOR ENTERING THE PYLORUS | 136 | ||
| ATLAS FOR CHRONIC GASTRITIS: VARIOUS APPEARANCES (CANINE) | 137 | ||
| ATLAS FOR HELICOBACTER-ASSOCIATED GASTRITIS | 142 | ||
| ATLAS FOR GASTRITIS: VARIOUS APPEARANCES (FELINE) | 145 | ||
| ATLAS FOR CHRONIC FELINE HISTIOCYTIC GASTRITIS | 148 | ||
| ATLAS FOR EROSIONS AND HEMORRHAGES | 150 | ||
| ATLAS FOR GASTRIC ULCERS | 152 | ||
| ATLAS FOR ABNORMAL GASTRIC MOTILITY | 155 | ||
| ATLAS FOR GASTRIC POLYPS | 159 | ||
| ATLAS FOR GASTRIC NEOPLASIA | 162 | ||
| ATLAS FOR MISCELLANEOUS FINDINGS | 170 | ||
| ATLAS FOR HAIRBALLS IN CATS | 171 | ||
| ATLAS FOR PHYSALOPTERA | 172 | ||
| Chapter 5 - Endoscopic Examination of the Small Intestine | 173 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 174 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 176 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION | 177 | ||
| RESTRAINT | 177 | ||
| PROCEDURE | 177 | ||
| PYLORUS TO PROXIMAL DUODENUM | 177 | ||
| EXAMINATION OF DESCENDING DUODENUM | 178 | ||
| ASCENDING DUODENUM AND JEJUNUM | 179 | ||
| NORMAL APPEARANCE OF THE UPPER SMALL INTESTINE | 179 | ||
| EXAMINATION OF THE TERMINAL ILEUM | 180 | ||
| SMALL INTESTINE BIOPSY TECHNIQUES | 181 | ||
| SMALL INTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY: FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 185 | ||
| ATLAS FOR NORMAL CANINE UPPER SMALL INTESTINE: VARIOUS APPEARANCES | 187 | ||
| ATLAS FOR DUODENAL CONTRACTIONS | 190 | ||
| ATLAS FOR DUODENAL FROTH | 191 | ||
| ATLAS FOR BARIUM RESIDUE | 191 | ||
| ATLAS FOR NORMAL FELINE SMALL INTESTINE: VARIOUS APPEARANCES | 192 | ||
| ATLAS FOR HAIR IN THE DUODENUM | 194 | ||
| ATLAS FOR DUODENAL PAPILLAE: VARIOUS APPEARANCES | 195 | ||
| ATLAS FOR CANINE ILEOCECOCOLIC JUNCTION AND ILEUM: NORMAL APPEARANCES | 197 | ||
| ATLAS FOR CANINE INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: VARIOUS APPEARANCES | 200 | ||
| ATLAS FOR FELINE INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: VARIOUS APPEARANCES | 204 | ||
| ATLAS FOR INTESTINAL LYMPHANGIECTASIA | 206 | ||
| ATLAS FOR ENDOSCOPE-INDUCED MUCOSAL TRAUMA | 208 | ||
| ATLAS FOR INTESTINAL PARASITES | 210 | ||
| ATLAS FOR SMALL INTESTINAL NEOPLASIA | 211 | ||
| Chapter 6 - Colonoscopy | 217 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 217 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 218 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION | 219 | ||
| PROCEDURE | 221 | ||
| NORMAL APPEARANCE | 230 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 230 | ||
| ATLAS PAGES 234-244 | 233 | ||
| ATLAS FOR CANINE AND FELINE INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE | 234 | ||
| ATLAS FOR HISTIOCYTIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS | 236 | ||
| ATLAS FOR MISCELLANEOUS COLITIDES | 237 | ||
| ATLAS FOR WHIPWORMS | 238 | ||
| ATLAS FOR ADENOCARCINOMA | 239 | ||
| ATLAS FOR LYMPHOMA | 241 | ||
| ATLAS FOR MISCELLANEOUS NEOPLASIA | 242 | ||
| ATLAS FOR MISCELLANEOUS DISORDERS | 243 | ||
| Chapter 7 - Endoscopic Removal of Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies | 245 | ||
| ANATOMIC CONSIDERATIONS | 245 | ||
| TYPES OF FOREIGN BODIES | 246 | ||
| PATIENT PROFILES | 246 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 247 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION | 247 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF TREATMENT OF INGESTED FOREIGN BODIES | 248 | ||
| CLIENT EDUCATION | 249 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 249 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC REMOVAL OF ESOPHAGEAL FOREIGN BODIES | 253 | ||
| GASTRIC FOREIGN BODIES | 258 | ||
| DUODENAL FOREIGN BODIES | 261 | ||
| RECTAL FOREIGN BODIES | 262 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF ENDOSCOPIC FOREIGN BODY REMOVAL | 262 | ||
| ATLAS PAGES 264-292 | 263 | ||
| ATLAS FOR ESOPHAGEAL FOREIGN BODIES | 264 | ||
| ATLAS FOR GASTRIC FOREIGN BODIES | 274 | ||
| ATLAS FOR DUODENAL FOREIGN BODIES | 290 | ||
| Chapter 8 - Endoscopic Biopsy Specimen Collection and Histopathologic Considerations | 293 | ||
| PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR ENDOSCOPIC BIOPSY | 293 | ||
| EXAMINATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE MUCOSA | 294 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION FOR SPECIMEN COLLECTION | 295 | ||
| TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR ENDOSCOPIC BIOPSY | 298 | ||
| CORRELATION OF ENDOSCOPIC AND PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS | 302 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC UTILITY OF ENDOSCOPIC BIOPSY | 303 | ||
| THE FUTURE | 308 | ||
| Chapter 9 - Endoscopic Placement of Gastrostomy and Jejunostomy Tubes | 311 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 311 | ||
| EQUIPMENT | 314 | ||
| TECHNIQUES FOR TUBE PLACEMENT | 318 | ||
| TUBE MAINTENANCE AND USE | 326 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 327 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 329 | ||
| REFERENCES | 329 | ||
| Chapter 10 - Laryngoscopy and Tracheobronchoscopy of the Dog and Cat | 331 | ||
| Endoscopy of the Laryngeal Vault of the Dog and Cat | 331 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 331 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION | 331 | ||
| PATIENT RESTRAINT AND POSITIONING | 331 | ||
| PROCEDURE | 332 | ||
| ANCILLARY TOOLS AND PROCEDURES | 333 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 333 | ||
| DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FELINE AND CANINE LARYNGOSCOPY | 333 | ||
| ATLAS FOR LARYNGEAL EDEMA | 334 | ||
| ATLAS FOR FOREIGN BODIES | 335 | ||
| ATLAS FOR LARYNGEAL SACCULITIS | 335 | ||
| ATLAS FOR LARYNGEAL COLLAPSE | 336 | ||
| ATLAS FOR NONNEOPLASTIC GROWTHS | 337 | ||
| ATLAS FOR LARYNGEAL NEOPLASIA | 338 | ||
| Tracheobronchoscopy of the Dog and Cat | 339 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 339 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 339 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION | 340 | ||
| SPECIFIC ANESTHETIC RECOMMENDATIONS | 341 | ||
| PATIENT RESTRAINT AND POSITIONING | 341 | ||
| PROCEDURE WHEN INFECTION IS NOT A SIGNIFICANT CONCERN | 342 | ||
| PROCEDURE WHEN INFECTION IS A CONCERN | 342 | ||
| NORMAL APPEARANCE | 342 | ||
| ABNORMAL APPEARANCE | 343 | ||
| ANCILLARY TOOLS AND PROCEDURES | 344 | ||
| ATLAS FOR NORMAL CANINE AND FELINE TRACHEA AND BRONCHI | 350 | ||
| ATLAS FOR PRIMARY TRACHEAL COLLAPSE | 351 | ||
| ATLAS FOR TRACHEAL NARROWING | 352 | ||
| ATLAS FOR PARASITIC TRACHEOBRONCHITIS | 353 | ||
| ATLAS FOR CHRONIC BRONCHITIS AND ASTHMA | 354 | ||
| ATLAS FOR ENLARGED TRACHEOBRONCHIAL LYMPH NODES | 355 | ||
| ATLAS FOR LEFT ATRIAL COMPRESSION OF LEFT MAINSTEM BRONCHUS | 356 | ||
| ATLAS FOR TRACHEOBRONCHIAL FOREIGN BODIES | 356 | ||
| ATLAS FOR TRACHEOBRONCHIAL NEOPLASIA | 359 | ||
| Part Two\r - Rigid Endoscopy | 361 | ||
| Chapter 11 - Stapling and Energy Devices for Endoscopic Surgery | 363 | ||
| ENDOSURGICAL CLIPS AND STAPLERS | 363 | ||
| ELECTROSURGICAL GENERATORS | 364 | ||
| FORCE TRIAD ELECTROSURGICAL SYSTEM | 370 | ||
| RADIO WAVE RADIOSURGERY | 371 | ||
| ULTRASONIC (HARMONIC) SCALPEL | 371 | ||
| Chapter 12 - Application of Laser Energy with Endoscopic Visualization | 373 | ||
| LASER–TISSUE INTERACTION | 373 | ||
| DIODE WAVELENGTH ENERGY | 374 | ||
| RIGID ENDOSCOPE (CYSTOSCOPY, ARTHROSCOPY, OTOSCOPY, RHINOSCOPY) | 375 | ||
| FLEXIBLE AND RIGID ABDOMINAL LAPAROSCOPIC ENDOSCOPY | 376 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 377 | ||
| Chapter 13 - Endoscopic Knot Tying and Suturing | 379 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 379 | ||
| PRACTICE TIP 1: COMMIT TO LEARNING | 379 | ||
| PRACTICE TIP 2: INVEST IN LAPAROSCOPIC NEEDLE HOLDERS | 379 | ||
| PRACTICE TIP 3: PLAN THE OPERATIVE APPROACH | 381 | ||
| PRACTICE TIP 4: SELECT AN APPROPRIATE SUTURE MATERIAL AND SUTURE LENGTH | 381 | ||
| PRACTICE TIP 5: PROTECT TROCAR GASKETS AND FLAPPER VALVES | 381 | ||
| PRACTICE TIP 6: TAKE TIME TO LOAD THE NEEDLE HOLDER PROPERLY | 382 | ||
| PRACTICE TIP 7: ENSURE PRECISE SUTURE PLACEMENT AND GENTLE TISSUE HANDLING | 383 | ||
| PRACTICE TIP 8: TIE SQUARE KNOTS | 383 | ||
| PRACTICE TIP 9: LEARN HOW TO TIE AN EXTRACORPOREAL SUTURE | 383 | ||
| PRACTICE TIP 10: CONSIDER ALTERNATIVES | 383 | ||
| REFERENCES | 392 | ||
| Chapter 14 - Psychomotor Training and Virtual Reality | 393 | ||
| REFERENCES | 396 | ||
| Chapter 15 - Laparoscopy | 397 | ||
| Laparoscopic Surgery Introduction: Indications, Instrumentation, Techniques, and Complications | 397 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR LAPAROSCOPY | 397 | ||
| CONTRAINDICATIONS | 399 | ||
| BASIC LAPAROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTATION | 399 | ||
| ACCESSORY ENDOSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS | 403 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION AND PREPARATION | 403 | ||
| ANESTHESIA AND MONITORING | 404 | ||
| LAPAROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES | 405 | ||
| INSUFFLATION AND OPTICAL SPACE | 410 | ||
| TECHNIQUES FOR PATIENT POSITIONING | 411 | ||
| LAPAROSCOPIC EXPLORATION | 413 | ||
| COMMON LAPAROSCOPIC PROBLEMS | 415 | ||
| DECIDING TO CONVERT TO TRADITIONAL SURGERY | 416 | ||
| CARE AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS AFTER ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY | 417 | ||
| ATLAS FOR LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY | 418 | ||
| ATLAS pages 418-419 | 418 | ||
| Diagnostic Laparoscopy | 419 | ||
| LIVER BIOPSY | 419 | ||
| ATLAS FOR LAPAROSSCOPIC SURGERY | 419 | ||
| PANCREATIC BIOPSY | 423 | ||
| KIDNEY BIOPSY | 427 | ||
| SPLEEN BIOPSY | 428 | ||
| LYMPH NODE BIOPSY | 430 | ||
| Laparoscopic-Assisted Gastropexy | 431 | ||
| PATIENT INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS | 431 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 431 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION AND PREPARATION | 431 | ||
| POTENTIAL INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 433 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 434 | ||
| FOLLOW-UP MONITORING | 434 | ||
| REFERENCES | 434 | ||
| Laparoscopic-Assisted Placement of Enterostomy Feeding Tubes | 435 | ||
| PATIENT INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS | 435 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 435 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION AND PREPARATION | 436 | ||
| POTENTIAL INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 436 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 437 | ||
| FOLLOW-UP MONITORING | 438 | ||
| REFERENCES | 438 | ||
| Laparoscopic Cryptorchid Castration | 438 | ||
| PATIENT INDICATIONS | 439 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION | 439 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION | 439 | ||
| POTENTIAL INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 441 | ||
| CARE AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS AFTER THE PROCEDURE | 441 | ||
| Laparoscopic-Assisted Cystopexy | 442 | ||
| PATIENT INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS | 442 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 442 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION AND PREPARATION | 442 | ||
| POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS | 445 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 445 | ||
| FOLLOW-UP MONITORING | 445 | ||
| Laparoscopic Extrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Attenuation | 446 | ||
| PATIENT INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS | 446 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION | 446 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION | 446 | ||
| POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS DURING AND AFTER SURGERY | 449 | ||
| FOLLOW-UP MONITORING OF PROCEDURE EFFECT | 450 | ||
| REFERENCES | 450 | ||
| Laparoscopic-Assisted Gastric ForeignBody Removal | 450 | ||
| INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS | 451 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 451 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION AND PREPARATION | 451 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 454 | ||
| Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy | 455 | ||
| PATIENT INDICATIONS | 455 | ||
| PATIENT CONTRAINDICATIONS | 455 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION FOR THE PROCEDURE | 456 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION | 457 | ||
| POTENTIAL INTRAOPERATIVECOMPLICATIONS | 459 | ||
| CARE AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS AFTER THE PROCEDURE | 459 | ||
| FOLLOW-UP MONITORING OF PROCEDURE EFFECT | 460 | ||
| REFERENCES | 460 | ||
| Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy | 461 | ||
| PATIENT INDICATIONS | 461 | ||
| PATIENT CONTRAINDICATIONS | 461 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION | 461 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION FOR THE PROCEDURE | 462 | ||
| PROCEDURE | 463 | ||
| POSSIBLE INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 465 | ||
| CARE AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS AFTER THE PROCEDURE | 465 | ||
| FOLLOW-UP MONITORING OF PROCEDURE EFFECT | 465 | ||
| REFERENCES | 465 | ||
| Laparoscopic Spay of the Female Canine and Feline | 466 | ||
| PATIENT INDICATION | 467 | ||
| PATIENT CONTRAINDICATIONS | 467 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE PATIENT EVALUATION | 468 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION | 468 | ||
| SURGICAL ROOM SETUP | 468 | ||
| CHOOSING BETWEEN AN OVARIECTOMY AND OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY | 469 | ||
| ANESTHESIA AND SURGICAL PREPARATION | 470 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUES | 471 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 476 | ||
| CONVERSION TO LAPAROTOMY | 477 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 477 | ||
| Chapter 16 - Thoracoscopy | 479 | ||
| Thoracoscopy Introduction: Indications, Instrumentation, Techniques, Biopsy Procedures, and Complications | 479 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 479 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 479 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES | 481 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES | 481 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION AND POSITIONING | 482 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION | 482 | ||
| ANESTHESIA | 482 | ||
| EXPLORATORY THORACOSCOPY | 483 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES | 483 | ||
| ESTABLISHING A PNEUMOTHORAX | 484 | ||
| PORT PLACEMENT | 484 | ||
| BIOPSY TECHNIQUES | 485 | ||
| Pericardectomy | 490 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 490 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 490 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION | 490 | ||
| PREPARATION | 490 | ||
| PROCEDURE | 490 | ||
| POTENTIAL INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 492 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 492 | ||
| Occlusion of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus | 492 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 492 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION | 492 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION | 492 | ||
| PROCEDURE | 492 | ||
| POTENTIAL INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 493 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 493 | ||
| Thoracic Duct Occlusion | 493 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 493 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 493 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION | 493 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION | 493 | ||
| PROCEDURE | 493 | ||
| POTENTIAL INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 494 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 495 | ||
| REFERENCE | 495 | ||
| Thoracoscopic and Thoracoscopically Assisted Lung Lobectomy | 496 | ||
| PATIENT INDICATIONS | 496 | ||
| PATIENT CONTRAINDICATIONS | 496 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION AND PREPARATION | 496 | ||
| ANESTHESIA | 497 | ||
| PARTIAL LUNG LOBECTOMY | 497 | ||
| THORACOSCOPIC PARTIAL LUNG LOBECTOMY | 497 | ||
| THORACOSCOPICALLY ASSISTED PARTIAL LUNG LOBECTOMY | 497 | ||
| COMPLETE LUNG LOBECTOMY | 498 | ||
| THORACOSCOPIC LUNG LOBECTOMY | 498 | ||
| THORACOSCOPICALLY ASSISTED LUNG LOBECTOMY | 499 | ||
| POTENTIAL INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 499 | ||
| REFERENCES | 501 | ||
| Thoracoscopic Correction of Persistent Right Aortic Arch | 501 | ||
| PATIENT INDICATIONS | 501 | ||
| PATIENT CONTRAINDICATIONS | 501 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION AND PREPARATION | 501 | ||
| ANESTHESIA | 502 | ||
| SURGICAL PROCEDURE | 502 | ||
| POTENTIAL INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 503 | ||
| REFERENCES | 504 | ||
| Thoracoscopic Evaluation and Treatment of Pyothorax | 504 | ||
| PATIENT INDICATIONS | 504 | ||
| PATIENT CONTRAINDICATIONS | 504 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION AND PREPARATION | 504 | ||
| ANESTHESIA | 504 | ||
| SURGICAL PROCEDURE | 505 | ||
| POTENTIAL INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 506 | ||
| REFERENCES | 506 | ||
| Chapter 17 - Cystoscopy | 507 | ||
| Cystoscopy Introduction: Indications, Instrumentation, Techniques, and Complications | 507 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR CYSTOSCOPY | 507 | ||
| CONTRAINDICATIONS | 514 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 514 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION AND PREPARATION | 515 | ||
| ANESTHESIA AND MONITORING | 515 | ||
| CYSTOSCOPIC TECHNIQUES | 515 | ||
| TRANSURETHRAL CYSTOSCOPY IN FEMALE DOGS AND CATS | 516 | ||
| TRANSURETHRAL CYSTOSCOPY IN MALE DOGS | 517 | ||
| LAPAROSCOPIC-ASSISTED CYSTOSCOPY | 518 | ||
| INTRAOPERATIVE NEPHROSCOPY AND CYSTOSCOPY | 520 | ||
| POTENTIAL CYSTOSCOPIC PROBLEMS | 520 | ||
| DECIDING TO CONVERT OR DISCONTINUE CYSTOSCOPY | 521 | ||
| PATIENT CARE AFTER CYSTOSCOPY | 521 | ||
| FOLLOW-UP MONITORING OF PROCEDURAL EFFECTS | 521 | ||
| REFERENCES | 521 | ||
| Minimally Invasive Options for Urinary Obstructions, Including Calculi | 522 | ||
| INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY AND INTERVENTIONAL ENDOSCOPY OF THE URINARY TRACT | 522 | ||
| INTERVENTIONAL APPROACH TO NEPHROLITHIASIS | 527 | ||
| PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY | 529 | ||
| RETROGRADE URETERAL CATHETERIZATION FOR SEVERE PYELONEPHRITIS | 529 | ||
| INTERVENTIONAL APPROACH TO URETEROLITHiASIS AND URETERAL OBSTRUCTIONS | 532 | ||
| URETERAL STENTING | 533 | ||
| PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROURETEROLITHOTOMY | 536 | ||
| EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY FOR URETEROLITHIASIS | 536 | ||
| PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROSTOMY TUBE PLACEMENT | 537 | ||
| DISEASES OF THE LOWER URINARY COLLECTION SYSTEM: URINARY BLADDER AND URETHRA | 540 | ||
| STONE BASKETING | 542 | ||
| PERCUTANEOUS CYSTOLITHOTOMY/KEYHOLE TRANSVESICULAR CYSTOURETHROSCOPY | 542 | ||
| URETHRAL BALLOON DILATION OR METALLIC STENTING FOR BENIGN AND MALIGNANT OBSTRUCTIONS | 544 | ||
| PERCUTANEOUS CYSTOSTOMY TUBE PLACEMENT | 546 | ||
| ANTEGRADE URETHRAL CATHETERIZATION | 546 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 547 | ||
| REFERENCES | 548 | ||
| Cystoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Ectopic Ureter | 550 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 551 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION AND PREPARATION | 551 | ||
| POTENTIAL INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 554 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 554 | ||
| FOLLOW-UP MONITORING | 554 | ||
| REFERENCES | 554 | ||
| Chapter 18 - Vaginoscopy and Transcervical Catheterization in the Bitch | 555 | ||
| PATIENT INDICATIONS | 555 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 555 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION | 557 | ||
| RESTRAINT | 557 | ||
| PROCEDURE | 558 | ||
| SAMPLE PROCUREMENT | 560 | ||
| POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AFTER THE PROCEDURE | 560 | ||
| REFERENCES | 561 | ||
| Chapter 19 - Rhinoscopy | 563 | ||
| Rhinoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Nasal Diseases, Transnares Curettage for Palliation of Malignant Nasal Obstruction | 563 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 563 | ||
| CONTRAINDICATIONS | 563 | ||
| EQUIPMENT | 563 | ||
| EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT WITH NASAL DISEASE | 564 | ||
| PRERHINOSCOPIC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY | 566 | ||
| RADIOGRAPHY | 566 | ||
| ANESTHESIA FOR RHINOSCOPY | 567 | ||
| TECHNIQUE: RIGID ANTEGRADE RHINOSCOPY | 568 | ||
| RHINOSCOPY COMPLICATIONS | 570 | ||
| SPECIFIC RHINOSCOPIC DIAGNOSES | 570 | ||
| NEOPLASIA | 572 | ||
| REFERENCES | 576 | ||
| Palliative Treatment of Nasal Tumors Using Rhinoscopic-Assisted Transnares Curettage | 577 | ||
| Chapter 20 - Otoscopy | 587 | ||
| Video Otoscopy | 587 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 587 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 589 | ||
| INSTRUMENT DISINFECTION | 589 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION | 590 | ||
| OTIC ANATOMY | 590 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF DEEP EAR FLUSHING AND MYRINGOTOMY | 594 | ||
| ATLAS PAGES 595-597 | 595 | ||
| Conservative Management of Chronic Otitis Media in Dogs | 597 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 597 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION AND ANESTHESIA | 598 | ||
| POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND CARE AFTER TREATMENT | 599 | ||
| REFERENCES | 601 | ||
| Conservative Management of Feline Inflammatory Polyps | 601 | ||
| FELINE MIDDLE EAR ANATOMY | 602 | ||
| PROCEDURE | 602 | ||
| POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS AND CARE AFTER TREATMENT | 604 | ||
| Chapter 21 - Arthroscopy | 607 | ||
| PATIENT INDICATIONS | 607 | ||
| PATIENT CONTRAINDICATIONS | 607 | ||
| EQUIPMENT FOR SMALL ANIMAL ARTHROSCOPY | 608 | ||
| FLUID MANAGEMENT | 609 | ||
| SHAVERS | 609 | ||
| CANNULAS, TROCARS, AND OBTURATORS | 610 | ||
| HAND INSTRUMENTS | 610 | ||
| RADIOFREQUENCY AND ELECTROCAUTERY | 611 | ||
| GENERAL ARTHROSCOPIC TECHNIQUE | 612 | ||
| ARTHROSCOPY OF THE ELBOW | 613 | ||
| ARTHROSCOPY OF THE SHOULDER | 616 | ||
| ARTHROSCOPIC SURGERY OF THE STIFLE | 618 | ||
| ARTHROSCOPIC EVALUATION OF THE OTHER JOINTS | 620 | ||
| POTENTIAL INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 620 | ||
| CARE AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS AFTER THE PROCEDURE | 621 | ||
| FOLLOW-UP MONITORING OF PROCEDURAL EFFECTS | 621 | ||
| Chapter 22 - Exotic Pets\r | 623 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 623 | ||
| Selected Endoscopy Procedures for Exotic Mammals (Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents) | 627 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 628 | ||
| PROCEDURES | 628 | ||
| Selected Endoscopy Procedures for Birds (Psittacines, Passerines, and Raptors) | 633 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 633 | ||
| PROCEDURES | 633 | ||
| Selected Endoscopy Procedures for Fish | 641 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 641 | ||
| PROCEDURES | 641 | ||
| Selected Endoscopy Procedures for Reptiles (Lizards, Snakes, Turtles, and Tortoises) | 646 | ||
| INSTRUMENTATION | 646 | ||
| PROCEDURES | 646 | ||
| REFERENCES | 654 | ||
| Chapter 23 - Marketing Endoscopic Services in the Clinic | 655 | ||
| PHILOSOPHY OF PRACTICE | 655 | ||
| MAKING A COMMITMENT TO ENDOSCOPY | 656 | ||
| THE KEY TO ENDOSCOPY SUCCESS | 656 | ||
| MARKETING | 657 | ||
| UTILIZING YOUR IMAGE CAPTURING SYSTEM | 658 | ||
| PRICING AND PROFITABILITY | 658 | ||
| Chapter 24 - New Technologies on the Horizon | 659 | ||
| IMPROVED DIAGNOSIS | 659 | ||
| TRANSITION TO THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES | 659 | ||
| NOTES PROCEDURE DESCRIPTION | 661 | ||
| BENEFITS AND RISKS | 662 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 664 | ||
| REFERENCES | 664 | ||
| Index\r | 667 |