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Book Details
Abstract
Completely revised and updated with 80 all-new chapters covering the most important information on current diagnostic, treatment, and preventive challenges facing feline practitioners today, Consultations in Feline Internal Medicine is an invaluable addition to every small animal clinician’s library. Full-color illustrations and expert contributions help you master and apply the latest advances in feline nutrition, emerging diseases, pet overpopulation, advanced imaging, and more with a comprehensive, clinically relevant approach.
- Upper Respiratory Tract Aspergillosis
- Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
- Diagnostic Imaging of the Ear
- Cardiac Blood Tests
- Urological Interventional Techniques
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | cover | ||
| Half title page | i | ||
| Title page | iii | ||
| Copyright page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Section Editors | ix | ||
| Contributors | xiii | ||
| Table of contents | xxi | ||
| Part I: Infectious Diseases | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1: Pyothorax | 3 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 3 | ||
| ETIOPATHOGENESIS | 3 | ||
| HISTORY AND CLINICAL SIGNS | 4 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 5 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 5 | ||
| TREATMENT | 8 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 11 | ||
| PROPHYLAXIS | 11 | ||
| REFERENCES | 11 | ||
| Chapter 2: Influenza Infections | 13 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 13 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 14 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 14 | ||
| TRANSMISSION | 14 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 15 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 15 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 15 | ||
| TREATMENT | 15 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 16 | ||
| CONTROL | 16 | ||
| PREVENTION | 17 | ||
| PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS | 17 | ||
| References | 17 | ||
| Chapter 3: The Role of Wolbachia in Heartworm Infection | 19 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 19 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 20 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 21 | ||
| TRANSMISSION | 23 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 23 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 24 | ||
| TREATMENT | 24 | ||
| CONTROL AND PREVENTION | 25 | ||
| PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS | 25 | ||
| REFERENCES | 25 | ||
| Chapter 4: Cytauxzoon Infections | 27 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 27 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 27 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 29 | ||
| TRANSMISSION | 29 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 30 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 30 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 30 | ||
| TREATMENT | 32 | ||
| PREVENTION | 33 | ||
| PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS | 33 | ||
| REFERENCES | 34 | ||
| Chapter 5: Upper Respiratory Tract Aspergillosis | 36 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 36 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS | 38 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 39 | ||
| HISTORY AND CLINICAL SIGNS | 40 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 42 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 43 | ||
| TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS | 48 | ||
| SUMMARY | 50 | ||
| REFERENCES | 51 | ||
| Chapter 6: Progress on Diagnosis of Retroviral Infections | 53 | ||
| FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS | 53 | ||
| FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS | 56 | ||
| AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FELINE PRACTITIONERS’ RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RETROVIRAL DIAGNOSIS | 59 | ||
| RETROVIRAL DIAGNOSTIC TESTING IN ANIMAL SHELTERS | 59 | ||
| REFERENCES | 60 | ||
| Chapter 7: Diagnosis and Treatment of Feline Infectious Peritonitis | 62 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 64 | ||
| TREATMENT | 70 | ||
| CONTROL OF INFECTION | 73 | ||
| REFERENCES | 74 | ||
| Part II: Nutrition in Health and Disease | 77 | ||
| Chapter 8: Dietary Therapy of Chronic Diarrhea | 79 | ||
| KEY NUTRIENTS IN GASTROINTESTINAL HEALTH AND DISEASE | 79 | ||
| APPLYING NUTRITIONAL CONCEPTS TO MANAGEMENT OF DIARRHEA | 82 | ||
| SUMMARY | 85 | ||
| REFERENCES | 86 | ||
| Chapter 9: Dietary Therapy of Diseases of the Lower Urinary Tract | 88 | ||
| INCIDENCE | 88 | ||
| FELINE LOWER URINARY TRACT DISEASE | 88 | ||
| SUMMARY | 95 | ||
| REFERENCES | 95 | ||
| Chapter 10: Metabolism, Diet, and Obesity | 98 | ||
| DEFINITION | 98 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 99 | ||
| TREATMENT | 101 | ||
| REFERENCES | 102 | ||
| Chapter 11: Probiotics in Feline Medicine | 104 | ||
| HISTORY OF PROBIOTIC HEALTH CLAIMS | 104 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF PROBIOTIC ACTION | 105 | ||
| CURRENT APPLICATIONS AND USES OF PROBIOTICS IN HUMAN BEINGS | 107 | ||
| PROBIOTIC THERAPY IN DOGS | 109 | ||
| PROBIOTIC THERAPY IN CATS | 110 | ||
| REGULATORY ISSUES | 110 | ||
| PROPER LABELING | 111 | ||
| SAFETY | 111 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 112 | ||
| REFERENCES | 113 | ||
| Chapter 12: Critical Care Nutrition | 116 | ||
| IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITION DURING CRITICAL ILLNESS | 116 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT | 116 | ||
| NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT | 117 | ||
| GOALS OF NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT | 117 | ||
| NUTRITIONAL PLAN | 117 | ||
| CALCULATING NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS | 118 | ||
| ENTERAL NUTRITION | 118 | ||
| PARENTERAL NUTRITION | 119 | ||
| MONITORING AND REASSESSMENT | 123 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS IN NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT | 124 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTION IN CRITICAL CARE NUTRITION | 125 | ||
| SUMMARY | 125 | ||
| REFERENCES | 125 | ||
| Chapter 13: Unconventional Diets | 127 | ||
| REGULATORY DEFINITIONS | 127 | ||
| HOME-PREPARED DIETS | 128 | ||
| RAW FOOD FEEDING: ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS | 133 | ||
| VEGETARIAN AND VEGAN FEEDING | 134 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTS AND NUTRACEUTICALS | 134 | ||
| REFERENCES | 135 | ||
| Chapter 14: Nutritional Management of Chronic Kidney Disease | 137 | ||
| ENERGY | 137 | ||
| PROTEIN | 138 | ||
| FLUID BALANCE | 140 | ||
| ELECTROLYTES | 140 | ||
| ACID-BASE BALANCE | 141 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS NUTRIENTS | 141 | ||
| CLINICAL EFFICACY | 141 | ||
| SUMMARY | 142 | ||
| REFERENCES | 142 | ||
| Part III: Gastrointestinal System | 145 | ||
| Chapter 15: Gastrointestinal Function Testing | 147 | ||
| THE ROLE OF GI FUNCTION TESTS | 147 | ||
| MOTILITY | 147 | ||
| DIGESTION | 151 | ||
| ABSORPTION | 152 | ||
| PERMEABILITY TESTING | 153 | ||
| IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSES | 154 | ||
| SUMMARY | 155 | ||
| REFERENCES | 155 | ||
| Chapter 16: Ultrasonographic Imaging of the Gastrointestinal Tract | 157 | ||
| METHOD OF EVALUATION | 157 | ||
| NORMAL ANATOMY | 159 | ||
| IMAGING OF SPECIFIC GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS | 163 | ||
| ASPIRATION | 184 | ||
| REFERENCES | 185 | ||
| Chapter 17: Diagnosis and Treatment of Low-Grade Alimentary Lymphoma | 187 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF ALIMENTARY LYMPHOMA | 187 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 188 | ||
| RISK FACTORS | 188 | ||
| SIGNALMENT | 189 | ||
| HISTORY AND CLINICAL SIGNS | 189 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 189 | ||
| Diagnosis | 191 | ||
| TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS | 196 | ||
| SUMMARY | 197 | ||
| REFERENCES | 197 | ||
| Chapter 18: Gastrointestinal Protozoal Infections | 200 | ||
| COCCIDIANS | 200 | ||
| FLAGELLATES | 204 | ||
| OTHER ENTERIC PROTOZOANS | 209 | ||
| REFERENCES | 210 | ||
| Chapter 19: Inflammatory Liver Diseases | 213 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS | 214 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 216 | ||
| ACUTE NEUTROPHILIC FORM OF CHOLANGITIS/CHOLANGIOHEPATITIS | 216 | ||
| CHRONIC NEUTROPHILIC FORM OF CHOLANGITIS/CHOLANGIOHEPATITIS | 219 | ||
| LYMPHOCYTIC CHOLANGITIS/CHOLANGIOHEPATITIS | 221 | ||
| LYMPHOCYTIC PORTAL HEPATITIS | 222 | ||
| CHOLANGITIS ASSOCIATED WITH LIVER FLUKES | 223 | ||
| SUMMARY | 223 | ||
| REFERENCES | 224 | ||
| Chapter 20: Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency | 225 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 225 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS | 226 | ||
| CLINICAL PICTURE AND DIAGNOSIS | 227 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 229 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 230 | ||
| SUMMARY | 230 | ||
| REFERENCES | 231 | ||
| Chapter 21: Antiemetic Therapy | 232 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGY OF EMESIS | 232 | ||
| ANTIEMETIC AGENTS | 232 | ||
| RATIONAL CLINICAL USE OF ANTIEMETICS | 236 | ||
| REFERENCES | 238 | ||
| Chapter 22: Therapeutic Approach to Cats with Chronic Diarrhea | 240 | ||
| ANTIPARASITIC AGENTS | 240 | ||
| NUTRITION | 242 | ||
| NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS | 243 | ||
| ANTIBIOTICS | 243 | ||
| IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS | 244 | ||
| COBALAMIN | 245 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS AGENTS | 245 | ||
| SUMMARY | 246 | ||
| REFERENCES | 246 | ||
| Part IV: Endocrine and Metabolic Disease | 249 | ||
| Chapter 23: Answers to Commonly Asked Endocrine Diagnostic Questions | 251 | ||
| GENERAL QUESTIONS | 251 | ||
| QUESTIONS ABOUT ADRENAL FUNCTION TESTING | 251 | ||
| QUESTIONS ABOUT THYROID FUNCTION TESTING | 252 | ||
| QUESTIONS ABOUT ACROMEGALY | 253 | ||
| REFERENCES | 253 | ||
| Chapter 24: Primary Hyperaldosteronism | 254 | ||
| THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM AND CLASSIFICATION OF HYPERALDOSTERONISM | 254 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM IN HUMAN BEINGS | 255 | ||
| FELINE PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM | 257 | ||
| FELINE PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM: ADRENAL ADENOMA AND CARCINOMA | 257 | ||
| FELINE PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM: IDIOPATHIC HYPERPLASIA | 263 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE | 264 | ||
| CASE EXAMPLE 1: ADRENOCORTICAL TUMOR | 264 | ||
| CASE EXAMPLE 2: IDIOPATHIC HYPERPLASIA | 265 | ||
| REFERENCES | 266 | ||
| Chapter 25: Hyperthyroidism and the Kidneys | 268 | ||
| RENAL FUNCTION IN HYPERTHYROIDISM | 268 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM IN CATS WITH KIDNEY DISEASE | 268 | ||
| CAN POSTTREATMENT RENAL INSUFFICIENCY BE PREDICTED? | 269 | ||
| ARE SOME TREATMENTS SAFER THAN OTHERS? | 270 | ||
| METHIMAZOLE TRIALS | 270 | ||
| TREATMENT OF POSTTREATMENT RENAL INSUFFICIENCY | 271 | ||
| MANAGING HYPERTENSION | 271 | ||
| REFERENCES | 272 | ||
| Chapter 26: Home Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Cats with Diabetes Mellitus | 274 | ||
| MONITORING IN THE HOSPITAL | 274 | ||
| SELF-MONITORING OF BLOOD GLUCOSE IN HUMAN BEINGS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS | 276 | ||
| HOME MONITORING OF BLOOD GLUCOSE BY CAT OWNERS | 276 | ||
| CASE EXAMPLE 1 | 282 | ||
| CASE EXAMPLE 2 | 283 | ||
| REFERENCES | 284 | ||
| Chapter 27: Use of Long-Acting Insulin in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus | 286 | ||
| GOALS OF THERAPY | 286 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS OF FELINE DIABETES MELLITUS | 286 | ||
| TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS | 287 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS | 287 | ||
| GLUCOSE TOXICITY | 288 | ||
| PREDICTORS OF DIABETIC REMISSION | 288 | ||
| INSULIN CHOICE | 288 | ||
| MODE OF ACTION OF GLARGINE | 289 | ||
| MODE OF ACTION OF DETEMIR | 289 | ||
| STORAGE OF GLARGINE AND DETEMIR | 289 | ||
| DURATION OF ACTION AND ONCE- OR TWICE-DAILY ADMINISTRATION | 289 | ||
| HYPOGLYCEMIA | 290 | ||
| SOMOGYI EFFECT | 290 | ||
| DIET | 290 | ||
| WEIGHT MANAGEMENT | 290 | ||
| MONITORING | 291 | ||
| DOSING | 291 | ||
| DOSE VARIATIONS | 294 | ||
| HOME MONITORING | 294 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF CATS IN REMISSION | 295 | ||
| SUMMARY | 295 | ||
| REFERENCES | 295 | ||
| Chapter 28: Diabetic Emergencies | 297 | ||
| DEFINITION AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS | 297 | ||
| DEFINITION AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE HYPEROSMOLAR HYPERGLYCEMIC STATE | 298 | ||
| RISK FACTORS FOR DKA OR HHS | 298 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION FINDINGS IN CATS WITH DKA OR HHS | 298 | ||
| CLINICAL PATHOLOGY OF DKA OR HHS | 299 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES | 300 | ||
| TREATMENT OF DKA OR HHS | 300 | ||
| OUTCOME OF PATIENTS WITH DKA OR HHS | 302 | ||
| INSULIN OVERDOSE | 302 | ||
| REFERENCES | 302 | ||
| Chapter 29: Acromegaly | 304 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 304 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 304 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 305 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 306 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 308 | ||
| TREATMENT | 311 | ||
| ADDITIONAL MANAGEMENT AND PROGNOSIS | 313 | ||
| REFERENCES | 314 | ||
| Part V: Dermatology | 317 | ||
| Chapter 30: Anatomy of the Ear in Health and Disease | 319 | ||
| EAR PINNA | 319 | ||
| EAR CANALS | 322 | ||
| TYMPANIC MEMBRANE | 324 | ||
| MIDDLE EAR (TYMPANIC CAVITY) | 325 | ||
| FIBEROPTIC VIDEO ENHANCED OTOSCOPY VERSUS STANDARD OTOSCOPY | 327 | ||
| EXAMINATION SUMMARY | 328 | ||
| REFERENCES | 330 | ||
| Chapter 31: Diagnostic Imaging of the Ear | 331 | ||
| IMAGING OPTIONS | 331 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR IMAGING CATS | 333 | ||
| GENERAL PROCEDURES FOR IMAGING CATS | 334 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING | 336 | ||
| IMAGE INTERPRETATION | 336 | ||
| COMMON FELINE EAR DISEASES | 337 | ||
| SUMMARY | 342 | ||
| REFERENCES | 345 | ||
| Chapter 32: Medical Management of Otitis | 347 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS | 347 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 348 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 349 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC TESTS | 349 | ||
| SELECTED EAR DISEASES OF CATS | 350 | ||
| OTOTOXICITY CONCERNS | 356 | ||
| REFERENCES | 357 | ||
| Chapter 33: Rush and Conventional Immunotherapy | 358 | ||
| DESIGNING THE TREATMENT PLAN | 358 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS | 358 | ||
| ALLERGEN-SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY | 359 | ||
| RUSH ALLERGEN-SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY | 363 | ||
| CONCURRENT USE OF MEDICATIONS | 364 | ||
| REFERENCES | 366 | ||
| Chapter 34: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci | 368 | ||
| ETIOLOGY OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS | 368 | ||
| ETIOLOGY OF METHICILLIN RESISTANCE | 368 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 369 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 370 | ||
| TRANSMISSION | 370 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 371 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 371 | ||
| TREATMENT | 372 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 372 | ||
| REFERENCES | 373 | ||
| Chapter 35: Acne | 375 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS | 375 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 375 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 375 | ||
| HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES | 377 | ||
| TREATMENT | 378 | ||
| SYSTEMIC THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS | 380 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 380 | ||
| REFERENCES | 380 | ||
| Chapter 36: Use of Interferon Omega for Skin Diseases | 382 | ||
| REVIEW OF COMPOUND | 382 | ||
| MECHANISM OF ACTION | 383 | ||
| USE IN SKIN DISEASES | 385 | ||
| REFERENCES | 388 | ||
| Chapter 37: How to Treat Common Parasites Safely | 390 | ||
| FLEAS | 390 | ||
| MOSQUITO AND CULICOIDES HYPERSENSITIVITY | 396 | ||
| TICKS | 397 | ||
| DEMODICOSIS | 397 | ||
| EAR MITES (OTODECTES CYNOTIS) | 397 | ||
| FELINE SCABIES (NOTOEDRES CATI) | 397 | ||
| CHEYLETIELLOSIS | 398 | ||
| CAT FUR MITE (LYNXACARUS RADOVSKY) | 398 | ||
| PEDICULOSIS | 398 | ||
| REFERENCES | 398 | ||
| Part VI: Cardiology and Respiratory Disorders | 399 | ||
| Chapter 38: Cardiac Blood Tests | 401 | ||
| NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES | 401 | ||
| DETECTION OF UNDERLYING HEART DISEASE | 401 | ||
| ASSESSMENT OF DISEASE SEVERITY | 402 | ||
| DETECTING HEART FAILURE IN THE CAT WITH RESPIRATORY SIGNS | 402 | ||
| PROGNOSTIC VALUE AND GUIDE TO TREATMENT | 402 | ||
| CARDIAC TROPONINS | 403 | ||
| LIMITATIONS OF CARDIAC BLOOD TESTING | 404 | ||
| REFERENCES | 404 | ||
| Chapter 39: Genetic Screening of Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | 406 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 406 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 408 | ||
| REFERENCES | 409 | ||
| Chapter 40: Diastolic Dysfunction in Feline Cardiomyopathies | 410 | ||
| DEFINITION | 410 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGY | 411 | ||
| DETERMINANTS OF DIASTOLIC FUNCTION | 411 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS OF DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION | 412 | ||
| ASSESSMENT OF DIASTOLIC FUNCTION | 413 | ||
| THERAPY | 417 | ||
| REFERENCES | 418 | ||
| Chapter 41: Congenital Heart Disease | 420 | ||
| MITRAL VALVE DYSPLASIA | 420 | ||
| TRICUSPID VALVE DYSPLASIA | 421 | ||
| PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS | 422 | ||
| PULMONIC STENOSIS | 422 | ||
| VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT | 423 | ||
| PERITONEOPERICARDIAL DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA | 423 | ||
| ATRIOVENTRICULAR CANAL DEFECTS OR ATRIOVENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS | 423 | ||
| SUPRAVALVULAR MITRAL STENOSIS AND COR TRIATRIATUM SINISTER | 425 | ||
| DOUBLE-OUTLET RIGHT VENTRICLE | 426 | ||
| DOUBLE-CHAMBERED RIGHT VENTRICLE | 426 | ||
| RIGHT-TO-LEFT SHUNTING (REVERSE) PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS | 426 | ||
| TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS | 427 | ||
| PULMONARY ARTERY STENOSIS | 427 | ||
| REFERENCES | 427 | ||
| Chapter 42: Rhythm Disturbances: Recognition and Therapy | 429 | ||
| IDENTIFICATION OF RHYTHM DISTURBANCES | 429 | ||
| SINUS RHYTHM AND SINUS TACHYCARDIA | 430 | ||
| SINUS BRADYCARDIA AND SINUS ARRHYTHMIA | 431 | ||
| SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYARRHYTHMIAS | 431 | ||
| ABNORMALITIES OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODAL CONDUCTION | 433 | ||
| VENTRICULAR PREEXCITATION | 434 | ||
| VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS | 435 | ||
| REFERENCES | 437 | ||
| Chapter 43: Pathology of Primary Myocardial Disease | 438 | ||
| THE ROLE OF CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY IN PRACTICE | 438 | ||
| CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY IN HEART FAILURE | 438 | ||
| MYOCARDIAL DISEASES (CARDIOMYOPATHIES) | 439 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND CONDITIONS | 445 | ||
| REFERENCES | 445 | ||
| Chapter 44: Asthma | 447 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 447 | ||
| CLINICAL FINDINGS IN FELINE ASTHMA | 449 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 449 | ||
| TREATMENT | 451 | ||
| REASONABLE EXPECTATIONS | 457 | ||
| REFERENCES | 458 | ||
| Chapter 45: Bronchoscopy | 459 | ||
| CASE SELECTION | 459 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 459 | ||
| ENDOSCOPES | 460 | ||
| ANESTHESIA | 460 | ||
| PROCEDURE | 460 | ||
| SAMPLE HANDLING | 463 | ||
| SUMMARY | 463 | ||
| REFERENCES | 464 | ||
| Part VII: Urinary System | 465 | ||
| Chapter 46: Commercial Pet Food–Related Nephrotoxicity | 467 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 467 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 467 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 469 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 469 | ||
| TREATMENT | 471 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 472 | ||
| CONTROL AND PREVENTION | 472 | ||
| REFERENCES | 473 | ||
| Chapter 47: Linking Treatment to Staging in Chronic Kidney Disease | 475 | ||
| ESTABLISHING A DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE | 475 | ||
| INITIAL EVALUATION OF CATS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE | 477 | ||
| STAGING OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE | 477 | ||
| RENAL EVALUATION AND SPECIFIC THERAPY | 478 | ||
| EVALUATION OF PROGRESSION AND RENOPROTECTIVE THERAPY | 478 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION AND SYMPTOMATIC THERAPY | 480 | ||
| ADDITIONAL PATIENT EVALUATIONS | 481 | ||
| SUMMARY | 481 | ||
| REFERENCES | 481 | ||
| Chapter 48: Survival and Outcome of Kidney Disease | 483 | ||
| CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE | 483 | ||
| ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY | 486 | ||
| REFERENCES | 487 | ||
| Chapter 49: Managing and Monitoring Systemic Hypertension | 489 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HYPERTENSION | 489 | ||
| END-ORGAN DAMAGE | 490 | ||
| MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE | 491 | ||
| MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE BY THE DOPPLER METHOD | 492 | ||
| DECIDING TO TREAT FOR SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION | 494 | ||
| TREATMENT OF SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION | 494 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC END-POINTS | 496 | ||
| FOLLOW-UP EVALUATIONS | 497 | ||
| SUMMARY | 497 | ||
| REFERENCES | 497 | ||
| Chapter 50: Purine Uroliths | 499 | ||
| WHAT ARE PURINES? | 499 | ||
| WHAT IS URIC ACID? | 499 | ||
| WHAT ARE THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL METHODS OF URATE UROLITH FORMATION? | 500 | ||
| WHY DO CATS FORM URATE UROLITHS? | 502 | ||
| HOW ARE URATE STONES DIAGNOSED IN CATS? | 503 | ||
| ONCE STONES ARE DETECTED, HOW SHOULD THEY BE MANAGED? | 504 | ||
| HOW CAN URATE UROLITH RECURRENCE BE PREVENTED? | 504 | ||
| REFERENCES | 507 | ||
| Chapter 51: Urinary Tract Tumors | 509 | ||
| RENAL TUMORS | 509 | ||
| LOWER URINARY TRACT NEOPLASIA | 510 | ||
| REFERENCES | 514 | ||
| Chapter 52: Urological Interventional Techniques in the Feline Patient | 516 | ||
| BACKGROUND—INTERVENTIONS IN HUMAN UROLOGY | 516 | ||
| EQUIPMENT | 517 | ||
| DISEASES OF THE UPPER URINARY COLLECTION SYSTEM: RENAL PELVIS AND URETER | 517 | ||
| DISEASES OF THE LOWER URINARY COLLECTION SYSTEM: URINARY BLADDER AND URETHRA | 524 | ||
| REFERENCES | 529 | ||
| Part VIII: Neurology | 531 | ||
| Chapter 53: Intervertebral Disk Disease | 533 | ||
| ANATOMY OF THE INTERVERTEBRAL DISK | 533 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS | 533 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 535 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 535 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 536 | ||
| TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS | 537 | ||
| NEUROPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS | 538 | ||
| REFERENCES | 538 | ||
| Chapter 54: Novel Anticonvulsant Therapies | 540 | ||
| PRINCIPLES OF ANTICONVULSANT THERAPY | 540 | ||
| TRADITIONAL ANTICONVULSANT THERAPIES | 544 | ||
| NOVEL ANTICONVULSANT THERAPIES | 545 | ||
| EMERGENCY ANTICONVULSANT THERAPY | 546 | ||
| REFERENCES | 547 | ||
| Chapter 55: Brain Tumors: Clinical Spectrum | 548 | ||
| INCIDENCE AND ETIOLOGY | 548 | ||
| SIGNALMENT | 549 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 549 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 549 | ||
| TREATMENT | 552 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 554 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF TUMORS | 554 | ||
| REFERENCES | 565 | ||
| Chapter 56: Gene Therapy for Lysosomal Storage Diseases | 568 | ||
| ALPHA-MANNOSIDOSIS | 568 | ||
| NEURONAL CEROID LIPOFUSCINOSIS | 570 | ||
| GALACTOSYLCERAMIDE LIPIDOSIS | 570 | ||
| GANGLIOSIDOSES | 570 | ||
| GLYCOGENOSES | 570 | ||
| MUCOLIPIDOSIS | 570 | ||
| MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSES | 570 | ||
| SPHINGOMYELINOSES | 572 | ||
| THERAPY OF LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISEASES | 572 | ||
| REFERENCES | 575 | ||
| Chapter 57: Tremor Syndromes | 579 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF TREMOR | 579 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 581 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH | 584 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 585 | ||
| TREATMENT | 590 | ||
| MOVEMENT DISORDERS THAT MIMIC TREMOR | 590 | ||
| REFERENCES | 591 | ||
| Chapter 58: Metabolic Encephalopathy: | 595 | ||
| ORGANIC ACIDS | 595 | ||
| DIAGNOSING ORGANIC ACID DISORDERS | 595 | ||
| D-LACTIC ACIDOSIS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE | 597 | ||
| METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA AND COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY | 598 | ||
| CONGENITAL COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY | 599 | ||
| INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM | 600 | ||
| THERAPY FOR ORGANIC ACIDURIAS | 600 | ||
| SUMMARY | 601 | ||
| REFERENCES | 601 | ||
| Chapter 59: Myopathic Disorders | 602 | ||
| ACQUIRED MYOPATHIES | 603 | ||
| INHERITED MYOPATHIES | 607 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS MYOPATHIES | 612 | ||
| SUMMARY | 613 | ||
| REFERENCES | 613 | ||
| Part IX: Hematopoietic and Lymphatic Systems | 615 | ||
| Chapter 60: Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia | 617 | ||
| ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS | 617 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 618 | ||
| SIGNALMENT | 619 | ||
| HISTORY | 619 | ||
| CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FINDINGS | 619 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING | 621 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 621 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 621 | ||
| TREATMENT | 623 | ||
| COURSE OF DISEASE AND PROGNOSIS | 625 | ||
| REFERENCES | 626 | ||
| Chapter 61: Blood Types of the Domestic Cat | 628 | ||
| BRIEF OVERVIEW | 628 | ||
| SEROLOGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR FELINE BLOOD TYPE DETECTION | 628 | ||
| THE Mik ANTIGEN: A NEW BLOOD TYPE | 629 | ||
| MOLECULAR STRUCTURES OF FELINE BLOOD TYPES | 630 | ||
| GENETIC BASIS OF FELINE BLOOD TYPES | 630 | ||
| CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF GENETIC BLOOD TYPING | 632 | ||
| BLOOD TYPE FREQUENCIES OF THE AB SYSTEM | 633 | ||
| REFERENCES | 637 | ||
| Chapter 62: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation | 639 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 639 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 640 | ||
| COAGULATION IN THE NORMAL STATE | 640 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES | 643 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 643 | ||
| PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS | 643 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 643 | ||
| TREATMENT | 648 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 649 | ||
| SUMMARY | 650 | ||
| REFERENCES | 650 | ||
| Chapter 63: Selection of Treatment Protocols for Lymphoma | 652 | ||
| REVIEW OF PROTOCOLS | 652 | ||
| FACTORS IMPACTING THE CAT OWNER’S DECISION ABOUT LYMPHOMA TREATMENT | 654 | ||
| FACTORS INFLUENCING THE VETERINARIAN’S SELECTION OF LYMPHOMA TREATMENT PROTOCOL | 655 | ||
| FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SELECTION OF A LYMPHOMA TREATMENT PROTOCOL | 658 | ||
| REFERENCES | 659 | ||
| Chapter 64: Feline Bone Marrow Disorders | 661 | ||
| HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN BONE MARROW | 662 | ||
| SPECIFIC BONE MARROW DISORDERS | 664 | ||
| SUMMARY | 669 | ||
| REFERENCES | 669 | ||
| Chapter 65: Plasma Cell Disorders | 671 | ||
| MULTIPLE MYELOMA AND RELATED PLASMA CELL DISORDERS | 671 | ||
| SOLITARY OSSEOUS AND EXTRAMEDULLARY PLASMACYTOMAS | 680 | ||
| REFERENCES | 682 | ||
| Chapter 66: Clinical Use of Erythropoietin in Feline Medicine | 684 | ||
| ERYTHROPOIESIS-STIMULATING AGENTS (ESA) | 684 | ||
| BENEFITS OF TREATMENT OF ANEMIA | 686 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR ERYTHROPOIESIS-STIMULATING AGENTS | 686 | ||
| GUIDELINES FOR USE OF ERYTHROPOIESIS-STIMULATING AGENTS | 688 | ||
| ADJUVANT THERAPY: IRON | 688 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF THE USE OF ERYTHROPOIETIN | 689 | ||
| SUMMARY | 690 | ||
| REFERENCES | 691 | ||
| Part X: Oncology | 695 | ||
| Chapter 67: Mast Cell Tumors | 697 | ||
| ETIOLOGY OF MAST CELL TUMORS | 697 | ||
| FELINE MAST CELL TUMORS: CUTANEOUS | 697 | ||
| FELINE MAST CELL TUMORS: VISCERAL-SPLENIC | 699 | ||
| FELINE MAST CELL TUMORS: VISCERAL-INTESTINAL | 700 | ||
| SUMMARY | 701 | ||
| REFERENCES | 701 | ||
| Chapter 68: Cardiac Neoplasia | 703 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 703 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 703 | ||
| TREATMENT | 704 | ||
| LYMPHOMA | 704 | ||
| CHEMODECTOMA | 704 | ||
| HEMANGIOSARCOMA | 705 | ||
| REFERENCES | 705 | ||
| Chapter 69: Tumors of the Ear | 707 | ||
| INCIDENCE AND ETIOLOGY | 707 | ||
| BIOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR AND PATHOGENESIS | 709 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS ASSOCIATED WITH EAR TUMORS | 710 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS AND STAGING OF EAR TUMORS | 711 | ||
| TREATMENT FOR EAR TUMORS | 714 | ||
| PREVENTION OF EAR TUMORS | 716 | ||
| SUMMARY | 716 | ||
| REFERENCES | 716 | ||
| Chapter 70: Ocular Tumors | 718 | ||
| PRIMARY TUMORS | 718 | ||
| SECONDARY (METASTATIC) TUMORS | 724 | ||
| SUMMARY | 725 | ||
| REFERENCES | 725 | ||
| Chapter 71: The Dilemmas of Cytological Evaluation of the Feline Lymph Node | 728 | ||
| SAMPLE ACQUISITION AND SMEAR PREPARATION OF LYMPH NODES | 728 | ||
| NORMAL LYMPH NODE CYTOLOGY | 728 | ||
| ABNORMAL LYMPH NODE CYTOLOGY: THE INITIAL DILEMMA | 729 | ||
| THE REACTIVE HYPERPLASTIC LYMPH NODE DILEMMA | 730 | ||
| THE INFLAMMATORY LYMPH NODE DILEMMA | 730 | ||
| THE NEOPLASTIC LYMPH NODE DILEMMA | 734 | ||
| SUMMARY | 738 | ||
| REFERENCES | 738 | ||
| Chapter 72: Facilitating Client Grief | 742 | ||
| RELAYING DIFFICULT NEWS | 742 | ||
| EUTHANASIA | 743 | ||
| POSTEUTHANASIA AND THE GRIEVING PROCESS | 744 | ||
| SPECIAL NEEDS CLIENTS | 746 | ||
| SUMMARY | 748 | ||
| REFERENCES | 748 | ||
| Chapter 73: Chemotherapy Administration | 749 | ||
| CHEMOTHERAPY SAFETY | 749 | ||
| RECORD KEEPING | 750 | ||
| CHEMOTHERAPY ADMINISTRATION | 753 | ||
| POSTCHEMOTHERAPY CLEAN-UP | 757 | ||
| CLIENT COMMUNICATION | 757 | ||
| SUMMARY | 757 | ||
| REFERENCES | 759 | ||
| Part XI: Population Medicine | 761 | ||
| Chapter 74: Shelter Population Health Management | 763 | ||
| FACILITY AS IT RELATES TO POPULATION HEALTH | 763 | ||
| ENVIRONMENTAL INFECTION CONTROL | 765 | ||
| INFECTIOUS DISEASE POLICIES AND PROTOCOLS | 767 | ||
| NUTRITION | 771 | ||
| DISEASE SURVEILLANCE | 771 | ||
| POPULATION HEALTH CHALLENGES | 771 | ||
| SUMMARY | 774 | ||
| REFERENCES | 774 | ||
| Chapter 75: A Review of Neutering Cats | 776 | ||
| IMPLICATIONS FOR FELINE WELFARE | 776 | ||
| BENEFITS OF NEUTERING ON HEALTH | 777 | ||
| VETERINARY MEDICAL GUIDELINES FOR SPAY-NEUTER PROGRAMS | 778 | ||
| SPECIAL CONCERNS FOR FELINE PATIENTS IN THE SPAY-NEUTER CLINIC | 779 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUES | 781 | ||
| OPTIMIZING SUCCESS OF SPAY-NEUTER PROGRAMS | 789 | ||
| SUMMARY | 790 | ||
| REFERENCES | 790 | ||
| Chapter 76: Genetic Testing in Domestic Cats | 793 | ||
| GENETIC STRUCTURE OF THE CAT | 793 | ||
| DOMESTIC CAT MUTATIONS | 794 | ||
| TYPES OF GENETIC MUTATIONS | 796 | ||
| GENETIC TESTING VALIDATION | 797 | ||
| GENETIC TESTING ACCURACY | 797 | ||
| GENETIC TESTING IN HYBRID BREEDS | 799 | ||
| SUMMARY | 799 | ||
| REFERENCES | 800 | ||
| Chapter 77: Understanding Population Dynamics Models: | 803 | ||
| BACKGROUND OF POPULATION DYNAMICS MODELS | 803 | ||
| DEFINITIONS | 804 | ||
| APPROACHES TO POPULATION DYNAMICS MODELING | 805 | ||
| WHAT DATA ARE NEEDED? | 806 | ||
| EVALUATING THE MODEL | 807 | ||
| RECENT EXAMPLES | 808 | ||
| SUMMARY | 809 | ||
| REFERENCES | 809 | ||
| Chapter 78: Hospice “Pawspice” | 811 | ||
| RATIONALE FOR FELINE PAWSPICE CARE | 812 | ||
| DISMISSED CLIENTS GO ELSEWHERE | 812 | ||
| BARRIERS TO PROVIDING PAWSPICE CARE | 813 | ||
| HOW DOES ONE START? | 814 | ||
| VALIDATE “THE BOND” | 815 | ||
| RECOGNIZE ANTICIPATORY GRIEF | 815 | ||
| FEARFUL OWNERS | 815 | ||
| QUALITY OF LIFE SCALE HELPS DECISION-MAKING | 816 | ||
| USING THE HHHHHMM QUALITY OF LIFE SCALE | 817 | ||
| SPECIFIC DISEASE CONDITIONS | 818 | ||
| IMMUNONUTRITION AND CHEMOPREVENTION | 821 | ||
| INTERNET AND NETWORKING | 821 | ||
| DAY CARE | 821 | ||
| EUTHANASIA FOR THE PAWSPICE CAT | 821 | ||
| REFERENCES | 823 | ||
| Chapter 79: Alternative Modalities in Feline Practice | 825 | ||
| ACUPUNCTURE | 826 | ||
| CHIROPRACTIC/SPINAL MANIPULATION | 829 | ||
| CHINESE AND WESTERN HERBS | 831 | ||
| REFERENCES | 833 | ||
| Chapter 80: Catteries: | 834 | ||
| REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY | 834 | ||
| INFERTILITY | 839 | ||
| COMPONENTS IN A CATTERY HERD HEALTH PROGRAM | 845 | ||
| SUMMARY | 845 | ||
| REFERENCES | 845 | ||
| Index | 849 |