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Aging within Transnational Families

Aging within Transnational Families

Vincent Horn

(2019)

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Abstract

'Aging within Transnational Families' is the first book to provide a multi-method approach to studying aging across borders. By asking how, why and to what extent do older Peruvians engage in transnational family ties and practices, the book enhances our knowledge about aging across borders. Drawing on the care circulation framework and the capacity and desire approach, it explores the motivations of older Peruvians’ transnational involvement as well as the factors influencing the scope and propensity of their cross-border practices. From a lifecourse perspective, the book asks how age relates to older Peruvian migrants’ integration into the host society and engagement in the sending of remittances and visits of family members in Peru. Exploring the prevalence and structuring features of family-related transnational practices against the backdrop of different migration regimes 'Aging within Transnational Families' shows how policies affect transnational family configurations and the role of older people within them.


Transnational migration studies has produced a wealth of literature on migrants’ economic, cultural, social and political practices and relationships across national borders. At least until recently, the primary focus of this literature was on younger adults, especially unskilled labour migrants from the Global South. In contrast, the question of how old age and different degrees of mobility relate to transnational practices and orientations was rarely addressed. Similarly, scholars looking at processes of aging only sporadically approached the lives of older people from a transnational vantage point.

Thus far, chiefly transnational family scholars have studied older peoples’ cross-border involvement. Studies in this field emphasize the complexities and consequences of older peoples’ situations in transnational family arrangements. However, empirical evidence of the prevalence and structuring features of older peoples’ family-related transnational practices remains scarce. Similarly, little is known about the relationship between age and specific stages in the life-course and the type and scope of older family members’ transnational engagement. Also, research on the association between different migration regimes and transnational family arrangements is scarce.

By asking how, why and to what extent do older Peruvians engage in transnational family ties and practices ‘Aging within Transnational Families’ seeks to enhance our knowledge about aging across borders. Drawing on the care circulation framework and the capacity and desire approach, it explores the motivations of older Peruvians’ transnational involvement as well as the factors influencing the scope and propensity of their cross-border practices. From a life course perspective, the book asks how age relates to older Peruvian migrants’ integration into the host society and engagement in the sending of remittances and visits of family members in Peru. Using a situated approach, a particular analytic focus is on the political and institutional contexts surrounding the older Peruvians’ transnational involvement.


Vincent Horn is a postdoctoral researcher at the Institute of Education, Johannes-Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Germany. He is the co-editor of two special issues of journals on transnational aging and of 'Transnational Aging – Current Insights and Future Challenges' (2015). Horn has also published various articles and book chapters on transnational migration, old age care migration and migrant care workers.


‘"Aging within Transnational Families" is a thought-provoking book that makes an important contribution to knowledge. Drawing from transnational theoretical perspectives and multisited qualitative and quantitative original data, it unveils the multiples facets of the transnational life and agency of older Peruvians within their dispersed families.’
—Mihaela Nedelcu, Institute of Sociology, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland


‘Guided by a theoretical framework and using both qualitative and quantitative data, this book is a major step forward in the fascinating research field of transnational families. It will inspire scholars and practitioners to think more about the implications of growing old in a migration context.’
—Tineke Fokkema, Professor of Ageing, Families and Migration, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands, and Senior Researcher, Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute


Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover 1
Front Matter i
Half-title i
Title page iii
Copyright information iv
Dedication v
Table of contents vii
List of Illustrations ix
Acknowledgements xi
Chapters 1-10 1
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework 5
2.1 Transnationalism 5
2.2 Transnational Families 13
2.3 The Connected Family 19
Chapter 3 Aging within Transnational Families 25
3.1 The Stayers 26
3.2 The Transnational Travellers 28
3.3 The Late in Life Family Joiners 31
3.4 The Ones Aging Abroad 34
Chapter 4 Fieldwork and Methodology 41
4.1 Data Collection and Analysis 41
4.2 Methodological Considerations 43
Chapter 5 Care Circulation 51
5.1 Patterns of Older Family Members’ Involvement in Transnational Family Care 52
5.2 Care Circulation and Transnational Families 54
5.3 The Political and Economic Contexts of Spain and Peru 56
5.4 Data and Methods 57
5.5 Empirical Insights from the Peruvian ‘Zero Generation’ 58
5.5.1 Rita: ‘Always Available Material’ 58
5.5.2 Ursula: ‘One Cannot Travel to Spain’ 62
5.6 Case Study Analysis 66
5.7 Conclusion 67
Chapter 6 Migration Regimes Matter 69
6.1 Older Peruvians in Spain and the United States 70
6.2 Institutional Contexts and Transnational Family Activities 72
6.3 Data and Methods 73
6.4 Migration Regimes in Spain and the United States 74
6.4.1 Migration Cultures and Entry and Residence Rights 74
6.4.2 The Older Peruvians’ Insertion into the Labour Market and Welfare Regime 79
6.5 Migration Regimes and Family-Related Transnational Activities 82
6.5.1 Family Visits 82
6.5.2 Remitting Behaviour 84
6.5.3 Ability to Use Communication Technologies 87
6.6 Conclusion 89
Chapter 7 Sending Remittances 91
7.1 Older Migrants and the Sending of Remittances 92
7.2 The Framework of Capacity and Desire 94
7.3 Data and Methods 97
7.4 Findings from Statistical Analysis 101
7.5 Conclusion 108
Chapter 8 Family Visits and the Life Course 111
8.1 A Review of the Literature on Migrant Visits to the Country of Origin 112
8.2 The Development of a Conceptual Framework 114
8.3 Data and Methods 120
8.4 Results of Regression Analysis 123
8.5 Conclusion 125
Chapter 9 Situating Transnational Activities: Family Visits in a Comparative Perspective 129
9.1 Migrants’ Family Visits 130
9.2 Theoretical Framework 131
9.3 Data, Methods and Variables 133
9.4 Scope and Determinants 134
9.5 Cross-Country Analysis 137
9.5.1 MFVs from Chile and Argentina 139
9.5.2 MFVs from Italy, Spain and the United States 142
9.6 Conclusion 145
Chapter 10 Concluding Remarks 147
End Matter 151
Appendix 151
References 161
Index 187