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Challenging Misrepresentations of Black Womanhood

Challenging Misrepresentations of Black Womanhood

Marquita M. Gammage | Antwanisha Alameen-Shavers

(2019)

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Book Details

Abstract

"Challenging Misrepresentations of Black Womanhood" investigates the typecasting of Black womanhood and the larger sociological impact on Black women’s self-perceptions. It details the historical and contemporary use of stereotypes against Black women and how these women work to challenge and dispel false perceptions. The book highlights the role of racist ideas in the reproduction and promotion of stereotypes of Black femaleness in media, literature, artificial intelligence and the perceptions of the general public. Contributors in this collection identify the racist and sexist ideologies behind the misperceptions of Black womanhood and illuminate twenty-first–century stereotypical treatment of Black women such as Michelle Obama and Serena Williams, and explore topics such as comedic expressions of Black motherhood, representations of Black women in television dramas and literature, and identity reclamation and self-determination. "Challenging Misrepresentations of Black Womanhood" establishes the criteria with which to examine the role of stereotypes in the lives of Black women and, more specifically, its impact on their social and psychological well-being.


Marquita M. Gammage is associate professor in the Africana Studies Department at California State University, Northridge, USA. She was awarded the Best Scholarly Book Publication Award by the Diopian Institute for Scholarly Advancement in 2016.

Antwanisha Alameen-Shavers is assistant professor in the Department of Africana Studies at San Diego State University, USA. She has published scholarly articles focusing on the role of women in African traditional societies and controlling images attached to Black womanhood.


"Challenging Misrepresentations of Black Womanhood" investigates the stereotyping of Black womanhood and the larger sociological impact on Black women’s self-perceptions. It details the historical and contemporary use of stereotypes against Black women and how Black women work to challenge and dispel false perceptions, and highlights the role of racist ideas in the reproduction and promotion of stereotypes of Black femaleness in media, literature, artificial intelligence and the perceptions of the general public. Contributors in this collection identify the racists and sexist ideologies behind the misperceptions of Black womanhood and illuminate twenty-first–century stereotypical treatment of Black women such as Michelle Obama and Serena Williams, and explore topics such as comedic expressions of Black motherhood, representations of Black women in television dramas and literature, and identity reclamation and self-determination.

The five sections of the book provide a brief historical overall of the long-standing use of stereotypes used against Black women; explore the systematic attack on Black motherhood and how Black mothers use self-determination to thrive; investigate treatments of Black womanhood in media, television and literature; examine the political impact of stereotyped frameworks used for deconstructing Black female public figures; and discuss self-affirmation and identity reclamation among Africana women.

"Challenging Misrepresentations of Black Womanhood" establishes the criteria with which to examine the role of stereotypes in the lives of Black females and, more specifically, its impact on their social and psychological well-being.


“This excellent collection of critical essays is a welcome and valuable contribution to an expanding theoretical and lived experience literature on African-centered womanism. It engages in a scholarly and sensitive manner the ongoing task of exposing and dispelling racist and sexist stereotypes, misconceptions and myths of Black women.”
—Tiamoyo Karenga, Lecturer in Kawaida Womanism and Women and Power in Ancient Egypt, Kawaida Institute of Pan African Studies, USA


“A thought-provoking, African-centered examination of Black women’s efforts to reclaim their space, dignity, public image and right to self-determination against the backdrop of America’s racially charged social landscape. Brilliantly done!”
—Patricia Reid-Merritt, Distinguished Professor of Africana Studies and Social Work, Stockton University, USA


“'Challenging Misrepresentations of Black Womanhood' provides us with an important and useful work in which African women represent themselves and offer a wide range of perspectives and analytical initiatives in critical resistance to stereotypes and mythologies about Black women.”
—Maulana Karenga, Professor and Chair, Department of Africana Studies, California State University-Long Beach, USA, and Author of Maat, the Moral Ideal in Ancient Egypt: A Study in Classical African Ethics

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover 1
Front Matter i
Half-title i
Title page iii
Copyright information iv
Table of contents v
List of Figures vii
Acknowledgments ix
Chapters Int-10 1
Introduction 1
Chapter Outline 3
References 7
Chapter 1 Black Student Mothers: A Culturally Relevant Exploratory Study 9
Introduction 9
Literature Review 10
Research on Black motherhood in the United States 10
Research on Black women’s educational attainment 12
Final summary 13
Methodology 14
Conceptual framework 14
Data collection 15
Sample 15
Findings 16
I. Experiences of student mothers 16
1. Juggling and finding balance 17
2. Rewarding 17
II. Influence of motherhood on role as student 18
1. Prioritizing family over school and school-related activities 18
2. Discipline and organization 18
III. Sources of strength 19
1. Help and shared resources from community 19
2. Motivation of child/children 19
3. Support of family members 20
4. Religion and spirituality 21
IV. Outcomes of the student mother experience 21
1. Multitasking 21
2. Agency and poise 22
3. Improved relationships 22
Conclusion 23
References 25
Chapter 2 Uninhabitable Moments: The Symbol of Serena Williams, Rage and Rackets in Claudia... 27
Certain Moments 29
Recognizable Rage 30
“Thrown against a Sharp White Background” 32
“Calling Her Body Out” 39
Power in Her Own Words 43
References 49
Chapter 3 “Black Women are Genius!”: The Image of Celebrated Black Motherhood in Stand-Up Comedy? 53
Function of Black Humor 54
Black Motherhood in the African Context versus the US Context 55
Methodology 57
“Celebrating” Black Mothers 57
Tommy Davidson 57
D. L. Hughley 59
Earthquake 61
Lavell Crawford 62
Eddie Griffin 65
Deray Davis 65
Mike Epps 67
Donald Glover 68
Discussion and Concluding Remarks 69
References 70
Chapter 4 The Virility of the Haitian Womb: The Biggest Threat to the Dominican Right 75
Understanding Dominican-Haitian Historical Relations and the Emergence of Dominican Anti-Haitianism 76
Anti-Haitian Stereotypes of Haitian Women in the Dominican Media and the Elite 80
Results 85
Stereotypes from below that echo those from above 86
Resistance to anti-Haitianism 91
Conclusion 92
References 93
Chapter 5 Ladyhood in Distress: Neoliberalism and Black Politics in Nicole Sconiers’s Escape... 95
Ladyhood 96
Neoliberalism 97
Beckyville 98
Conclusion 113
References 113
Chapter 6 Sapphires Gone Wild: The Politics of Black Women’s Respectability in the Age of the Ratchet 115
Contemporary Media Images 115
Black Women’s Historic Struggle against Demeaning Images 117
Omarosa and the Rebirth of Sapphire 122
Ratchet 2.0: The Real Housewives and Kenya Moore 124
Conclusion 128
References 130
Chapter 7 Representing the Black Woman as Immoral and Abandoning the Black Family: A Cultural Analysis... 135
Methodology 137
The African Family and Moral Character 138
A Historical Understanding of Black Family Values 141
Representing Black Women as Immoral and Culturally Disconnected 143
Rejecting the extended family 143
Dishonoring the institution of marriage 148
Abandoning the parent-child tradition 150
Conclusion 152
References 153
Chapter 8 Historical Miseducation on Black Womanhood 155
Introduction 155
Black Women’s Hair Story 156
Black Women as Sexual Deviants 157
Black Women in Film 159
Black Women on Television 160
Black Women in Hip-Hop and Pop Culture 162
Black Women in Music Videos 163
Conclusion 164
References 165
Chapter 9 Michelle Obama Laughs: Political Meme Warfare and the Regurgitation of the Mythological Black Woman 167
Introduction 167
Methodology 169
The Mammy Meme 169
The Jezebel Meme 170
The Angry Black Woman Meme 172
The Medusa Meme 173
Memes as Political Propaganda 174
Political Meme Warfare 175
Conclusion 177
References 178
Chapter 10 Kawaida Womanism as an Interpretative Framework for Understanding Africana Womanhood... 181
Introduction 181
Methodology 182
Literature Review 183
Method 185
Participants 185
Measures 186
Results 187
Cultural grounding 188
Spiritual and ethical grounding 188
Self-definition 189
Family and community 189
Black women and men as partners in love, life and struggle 190
Sisterhood 190
Service and social activism 191
Discussion 191
References 192
End Matter 193
List of Contributors 193
Index 197