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The Labyrinth of Sustainability

The Labyrinth of Sustainability

Daniel C. Esty

(2019)

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Abstract

‘The Labyrinth of Sustainability’ offers the first comprehensive effort to analyze corporate sustainability systematically in the Latin American context—and to extract lessons for companies across the developing world. Featuring an introduction by the prizewinning author and Yale professor Daniel Esty, the book starts off with examining the “sustainability imperative”—the notion that businesses must work toward sustainability to be successful in today’s marketplace. The 12 chapters that follow present a collection of carefully developed and tightly framed case studies from companies across Latin America highlighting how they are addressing this imperative. Contributions from leading experts around the region bring a freshness and authenticity as well as a nuanced and grounded approach that make this volume a must-read for business leaders, government officials, non-governmental organization advocates, journalists and academics in Latin America and across the world.


“An inspiring book for Latin American corporations demonstrating the importance of companies going beyond social responsibility to being true corporate citizens who positively impact and influence the communities and the environment in which they live and work.”
—Juan Fernando Posada, President, Latin America Selling & Market Operations, Procter & Gamble


“The way that business approaches sustainability is changing rapidly as new opportunities and challenges emerge. The picture has become more complex––it's no longer just about emissions, reputation or jobs. Rather, it's about all these aspects at the same time. The Labyrinth of Sustainability examples show that smart companies have now integrated sustainability deeply into their decision-making process and are proving that they can be more successful by considering not just the financial return, but also their impact on society and the environment.”
—Peter Bakker, President and CEO, World Business Council for Sustainable Development


“The Labyrinth of Sustainability offers a roadmap to corporate best practice in Latin America, highlighting the experience of real companies and illustrating that sustainable practices can be good for business. It is not a theoretical treatise, but a compilation of successful business strategies that demonstrate what is possible in terms of both competitiveness and sustainability.”
—Carlos Pascual, Senior Vice President, Global Energy, IHS Markit, and Former US Ambassador to Mexico


“Sustainability has evolved from being about corporate social responsibility to a great investment opportunity for private sector firms in Latina America.”
—Juan Pablo Bonilla, Manager, Climate Change and Sustainable Development Sector, Inter-American Development Bank


“An enlightening, in-depth analysis of how sustainability has moved from the last page of the annual report to the front and center of corporate strategy in Latin America.”
—Christiana Figueres, Convenor, Mission 2020, and Former Executive Secretary, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change


Companies can no longer afford to be ‘un’sustainable. While this observation has been widely accepted in the United States and Europe, only recently have Latin American companies and businesses across the developing world started to integrate sustainability principles into their corporate cultures. Recognizing and responding to this emerging trend, ‘The Labyrinth of Sustainability’ offers a collection of carefully developed and tightly framed case studies generated through the Latin American Corporate Sustainability Analysis project, an initiative convened by the Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy in conjunction with the EGADE Business School in Mexico and INCAE Business school in Costa Rica and Nicaragua.

The introduction by Daniel Esty, the Hillhouse Professor of Environmental Law and Policy at Yale University and one of the world’s leading corporate sustainability experts, makes a compelling argument for what he calls the “sustainability imperative”—the notion that businesses must work toward sustainability to be successful in today’s marketplace. It distills from the 12 case studies that follow five important sustainability strategy lessons for executives and managers on leadership, vision and execution, partnerships, communications and inspiration.

The 12 case studies focus on the sustainability strategy and initiatives of a company with business operations in Latin America, drawing out key themes and highlighting both successes and challenges. The aim of ‘The Labyrinth of Sustainability’ is to present the problems and prospects for corporate sustainability in a Latin American context across a spectrum of companies that ranges from small businesses to multinational enterprises. With its Latin American focus and lessons for business in a range of industry settings, this volume complements previous analyses and case studies of corporate sustainability in different regional contexts.


“Never before has it been so important to change the conversation about how corporate leaders can step up to the challenge of creating a sustainable future. The Labyrinth of Sustainability profiles real success stories in Latin America that show what is possible and why every business leader should pay attention.”
—Jaime Serra Puche, Chairman, SAI Law and Economics, and Former Minister of Trade, Mexico


“A pathbreaking book that arms readers with actionable insights based on real-world business experience. Invaluable for corporate practitioners and students alike.”
—P. J. Simmons, Chairman, Corporate Eco Forum


Daniel C. Esty is the Hillhouse Professor at Yale University, USA, and the coauthor of the prizewinning book, Green to Gold: How Smart Companies Use Environmental Strategy to Innovate, Create Value, and Build Competitive Advantage. He has advised hundreds of companies across the world (including Coca-Cola, DowDuPont, FedEx, Ikea, Microsoft, Unilever and Walmart) on their corporate sustainability strategies and served in top positions in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and as commissioner of Connecticut’s Department of Energy and Environmental Protection.


“In The Labyrinth of Sustainability, Daniel Esty has compiled an impressive array of case studies on practical environmental sustainability actions taken by a wide range of companies across sectors and countries in Latin America. These examples serve as a beacon to a more sustainable future for Latin America.”
—Richard Wells, President, The Lexington Group


“This excellent book shows that there are companies in Latin America taking seriously their social duty towards sustainability––with positive business results. This book should also be viewed as a call to action for the many others still lagging behind.”
—Ernesto Zedillo, Director, Yale Center for the Study of Globalization, and Former President of Mexico

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover 1
Front Matter iii
Half-title iii
Title page v
Copyright information vi
Dedication vii
Table of contents ix
List of Illustrations xi
Acknowledgments xv
List of Contributors xix
Chapter Int-12 1
Introduction 1
Corporate Social Responsibility Is Not Enough 2
Changing Public Expectations 4
Sustainability-Minded Investors 7
Sustainability Leaders 8
Risk Management 9
Eco-efficiency and Resource Productivity as a Pathway to Cost Savings 10
Sustainability-Driven Growth in Revenues and Profit Margins 11
Brand Trust and Intangible Value 12
It’s Not Easy Being Green 13
Keys to Corporate Sustainability Success 14
Leadership 14
Vision and Execution 15
Partnering 16
Communications 17
Inspiration 18
Chapter 1 Water Conservation in Scarcity Conditions: Corporate Sustainability at Mexico’s FEMSA Group 19
Abstract 19
Introduction 19
FEMSA’s Best Practices 21
Sustainability at FEMSA 21
The FEMSA Foundation and Water Funds 22
Sustainability Analysis: The Monterrey Water Fund 23
Water Flow around Monterrey 24
The Formation of the Monterrey Water Fund 25
The Activities of the Monterrey Water Fund 26
Conclusion 27
Chapter 2 Walmart Mexico: Clean Energy to Reduce Costs and Improve Corporate Image 29
Introduction 30
The Call to Action 30
Sustainability Analysis 31
Walmart’s Wind Farms 32
Walmart Mexico’s Sustainability Framework 33
Conclusion 35
Chapter 3 Grupo Vanguardia Revitalizes Plastics Recycling in Honduras 37
Introduction 37
Grupo Vanguardia’s Best Practice 38
Sustainability Strategy 39
Sustainability Analysis 40
Inclusive Business at Grupo Vanguardia 40
Other Corporate Responsibility Initiatives 41
Drivers of Grupo Vanguardia’s Success 42
Potential Threats to Grupo Vanguardia’s Sustainability Approach 43
Conclusion 44
Chapter 4 Nissan Mexicana’s Renewable Power Partnership 47
Introduction 48
Nissan’s Best Practice 49
The Auto Industry in Mexico 50
Nissan Mexicana S.A. de C.V. 51
Sustainability Strategy 52
Sustainability Analysis: Biogas at Nissan Mexicana 54
Nissan Mexicana’s Motivation 57
Conclusion 59
Chapter 5 Tecnosol Follows The Sun 61
Introduction 61
Tecnosol’s Best Practices 62
Tecnosol’s Roots 63
Expanding beyond Borders 68
Tecnosol’s Strategy for Sustainable Business 71
Tecnosol’s Inclusive Business Model 72
Sustainability Analysis 73
Tecnosol’s Impact 77
Conclusion 78
Chapter 6 Rizek Pushes the Dominican Republic Cocoa Industry Toward Sustainability 81
Introduction 82
Rizek Cacao’s Best Practice 82
The Dominican Cocoa Industry 82
Rizek’s History 84
Sustainability Analysis 87
Challenges 88
Conclusion 89
Chapter 7 Centrosur Leads the Way to Sustainability in Ecuador 91
Introduction 92
The Best Practice 92
Sustainability Strategy 92
Plan Renova (Plan Renew) 93
Light Bulb Recycling Program 93
Luz de Nuestro Sol (Light from Our Sun) 94
Yo Cuido mi Energia (I Am Conscious of My Energy Use) 94
Induction Cooking and Water Heated by Electricity 94
Sustainability Analysis 95
Challenges 101
Recommendations 103
Conclusion 104
Chapter 8 A Resilient World: Bavaria Builds its Case on Water 105
Introduction 105
The Best Practice: Short-Cycle Intervals 107
Bavaria’s Sustainability Strategy 107
Thriving World 111
Sociable World 111
Resilient World 112
Clean World 112
Productive World 113
Sustainability Analysis: Resilient World 113
Operational Dimension: An Eco-efficiency Approach 114
Recycling 116
Short-Cycle Intervals 117
Wastewater Management: Zero Fines 117
External Dimension—a Risk Approach 119
Bavaria’s Water Stewardship Strategy 119
Water Risk Assessment Methodology 122
Water Funds: Investing in Ecosystem Services for Water 122
Conclusion 123
Chapter 9 Grupo Herdez Takes the Initiative in Mexico’s Food Market 125
Introduction 125
The Best Practice 128
Sustainability Strategy 128
Sustainability with Organic Foods 133
Turning to Wind Power 134
Cogeneration Project 134
Sustainability Analysis 135
Sustainability Targets 137
Other Challenges 137
Conclusion 139
Chapter 10 Chile’s Las Palmas Avocado Orchard: Water Consumption Reduction in Agriculture 141
Introduction 141
The Best Practice 145
The Local Water Context 145
Las Palmas’s Sustainability Strategy 146
Sustainability Analysis 146
Year-Round Work 146
High-Density Planting 147
Reduction of Chemical Use 147
Irrigation Technologies 148
Pumping Stations 148
Drip Irrigation 149
Pipeline Design and Instrumentation 149
Other Initiatives 150
Reducing Water Consumption: Partnerships and Research 151
Conclusion 151
Chapter 11 MABESA: Increasing Global Competitiveness with Eco-Friendly Disposable Products 155
Introduction 155
Mabesa’s Best Practice 157
Mabesa’s Market Position 157
Mexico’s Sustainability Landscape 159
Bio Baby’s Origins 161
Bio Baby: Launch and Response 166
International Strategy 167
Conclusion 168
Chapter 12 Water use Efficiency Initiatives in Nestlé’s Value Chain and the Implications of the Company’s Business Model 171
Introduction 171
Nestlé’s Best Practices 173
Nestlé’s Sustainable Water Use Strategy 174
View from the Field 175
Sustainability Analysis: Nestlé’s Zero-Water Plant 177
Nestlé Joins a Growing Global Chorus 178
Conclusion 180
End Matter 191
Notes 181
Introduction 181
Chapter 1: Water Conservation in Scarcity Conditions: Corporate Sustainability at Mexico’s FEMSA Group 182
Chapter 2: Walmart Mexico: Clean Energy to Reduce Costs and Improve Corporate Image 183
Chapter 3 Grupo Vanguardia Revitalizes Plastics Recycling in Honduras 184
Chapter 4: Nissan Mexicana’s Renewable Power Partnership 184
Chapter 5: Tecnosol Follows The Sun 185
Chapter 6: Rizek Pushes the Dominican Republic Cocoa Industry Toward Sustainability 186
Chapter 7: Centrosur Leads the Way to Sustainability in Ecuador 187
Chapter 8: A Resilient World: Bavaria Builds its Case on Water 187
Chapter 9: Grupo Herdez Takes the Initiative in Mexico’s Food Market 188
Chapter 10: Chile’s Las Palmas Avocado Orchard: Water Consumption Reduction in Agriculture 189
Chapter 11: MABESA: Increasing Global Competitiveness with Eco-Friendly Disposable Products 189
Chapter 12: Water use Efficiency Initiatives in Nestlé’s Value Chain and the Implications of the Company’s Business Model 190
Index 191