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Facial Reconstruction Post-Mohs Surgery, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book

Facial Reconstruction Post-Mohs Surgery, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book

James B. Lucas

(2017)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

This issue of Facial Plastic Surgery CLinics, guest edited by Dr. James B. Lucas, is devoted to Facial Reconstruction Post-Mohs Surgery. Articles in this issue include Anatomy of the Skin and the Pathogenesis of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer; Mohs Micrographic Surgery: the Essentials; Physiology and Biomechanics of Skin Flaps; Flap Basics I: Rotation and Transposition Flaps; Flap Basics II: Advancement Flaps; Flap Basics III: Interpolated Flaps; Skin and Composite Grafting Techniques; Scalp and Forehead Defects; Defects of the Eyelids; Auricular Defects; Cutaneous Nasal Defects; Defects of the Lips and Chin; Cheek Defects; and Scar Revision and Recontouring Post-Mohs Surgery.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Facial ReconstructionPost-Mohs Surgery\r i
Copyright\r ii
Contributors iii
CONSULTING EDITOR iii
EDITOR iii
AUTHORS iii
Contents vii
Preface: In Pursuit of Perfection: The Art of Facial Restoration vii
Anatomy of the Skin and the Pathogenesis of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer vii
Mohs Micrographic Surgery for the Management of Cutaneous Malignancies vii
The Physiology and Biomechanics of Skin Flaps vii
Flap Basics I: Rotation and Transposition Flaps vii
Flap Basics II: Advancement Flaps\r viii
Flap Basics III: Interpolated Flaps viii
Skin and Composite Grafting Techniques in Facial Reconstruction for Skin Cancer viii
Scalp and Forehead Defects in the Post-Mohs Surgery Patient viii
Defect of the Eyelids viii
Repair of Auricular Defects ix
Reconstruction of Cutaneous Nasal Defects ix
Reconstruction of Mohs Defects of the Lips and Chin ix
Reconstruction of Cheek Defects Secondary to Mohs Microsurgery or Wide Local Excision ix
Scar Revision and Recontouring Post-Mohs Surgery x
FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY CLINICS\rOF NORTH AMERICA\r xi
FORTHCOMING ISSUES xi
November 2017 xi
February 2018 xi
May 2018 xi
RECENT ISSUES xi
May 2017 xi
February 2017 xi
November 2016 xi
Preface\r xiii
In Pursuit of Perfection: The Art of Facial Restoration xiii
Anatomy of the Skin and the Pathogenesis of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer 283
Key points 283
EPIDERMIS 283
Cells 284
Dermal-Epidermal Junction 284
DERMIS 284
Collagen 284
Elastin 285
Neurovascular Anatomy 285
Subcutaneous Tissue 285
SKIN APPENDAGES 285
NONMELANOMA SKIN CANCER 285
Basal Cell Carcinoma 285
Squamous Cell Carcinoma 288
SUMMARY 288
REFERENCES 288
Mohs Micrographic Surgery for the Management of Cutaneous Malignancies 291
Key points 291
INTRODUCTION 291
HISTORY 291
MOHS MICROGRAPHIC SURGERY: PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS 292
Antibiotic Prophylaxis 292
Anticoagulants 292
Implantable Devices 292
MOHS MICROGRAPHIC SURGERY: SURGICAL TECHNIQUE 293
Procedure Preparation 293
Excision of the First Layer 293
Processing of the Surgical Specimen 295
INDICATIONS FOR MOHS MICROGRAPHIC SURGERY 295
Tumor Characteristics 296
Patient Characteristics 296
Areas of the Body 296
EFFECTIVENESS OF MOHS MICROGRAPHIC SURGERY FOR CUTANEOUS TUMORS 296
Basal Cell Carcinoma 296
Squamous Cell Carcinoma 298
Melanoma in Situ and Malignant Melanoma 298
RECONSTRUCTION 298
COST OF MOHS MICROGRAPHIC SURGERY 299
SUMMARY 299
REFERENCES 299
The Physiology and Biomechanics of Skin Flaps 303
Key points 303
INTRODUCTION 303
VASCULAR ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SKIN 303
Vascular Anatomy 304
Physiology of the Skin 304
LOCAL CUTANEOUS FLAPS 305
Random Flaps 305
Axial Flaps 306
Fasciocutaneous Flaps 306
BASIC CUTANEOUS FLAP PHYSIOLOGY 307
Vascular Compromise 307
Vascular Delay 307
Sympathetic Denervation 308
Inflammatory Changes 308
Neovascularization 308
SKIN FLAP BIOMECHANICS 308
Nonlinearity 308
Anistropy 309
Viscoelasticity 310
SUMMARY 310
REFERENCES 310
Flap Basics I 313
Key points 313
BACKGROUND 313
ROTATION FLAPS 313
BILOBE FLAP 314
O-T/O-Z FLAP 316
NOTE FLAP 317
RHOMBIC FLAP 317
WOUND CARE 319
COMPLICATIONS 319
SUMMARY 320
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 320
REFERENCES 320
Flap Basics II 323
Key points 323
DEFINITIONS AND CORE CONCEPTS 323
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY: VASCULAR SUPPLY 324
UNIPEDICLE ADVANCEMENT FLAP 325
BILATERAL UNIPEDICLE ADVANCEMENT FLAPS 326
T-PLASTY ADVANCEMENT FLAPS 327
V-TO-Y AND Y-TO-V ADVANCEMENT FLAPS 329
CERVICOFACIAL FLAP 331
SUMMARY 335
REFERENCES 335
Flap Basics III 337
Key points 337
INTRODUCTION: INTERPOLATED FLAPS 337
Paramedian Forehead Flap 337
History 338
Anatomy and Blood Supply 338
Design and Technique 338
Detachment 340
Variations 340
Single-stage 340
Three-stage 340
Vascular delay 340
Other uses 341
MELOLABIAL FLAP 341
History 342
Anatomy and Blood Supply 342
Design 342
Variations 343
COMPLICATIONS 344
SUMMARY 344
DISCLOSURE 345
REFERENCES 345
Skin and Composite Grafting Techniques in Facial Reconstruction for Skin Cancer 347
Key points 347
OVERVIEW OF SKIN ANATOMY IN RELATION TO GRAFTING 347
RECIPIENT BED PREPARATION 348
FULL-THICKNESS SKIN GRAFTS TECHNIQUE 352
SPLIT-THICKNESS SKIN GRAFT TECHNIQUE 354
COMPOSITE CHONDROCUTANEOUS GRAFTS 355
COMPOSITE GRAFTING TECHNIQUE 357
ADDITIONAL USEFUL COMPOSITE GRAFTS 358
COMBINING GRAFTS WITH OTHER RECONSTRUCTIONS 359
SUMMARY 361
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 362
REFERENCES 362
Scalp and Forehead Defects in the Post-Mohs Surgery Patient 365
Key points 365
INTRODUCTION 365
ANATOMY 366
RECONSTRUCTION GOALS 367
SECONDARY INTENTION HEALING 367
SKIN GRAFTING 368
PRIMARY WOUND CLOSURE 369
DERMAL ALTERNATIVES AND TISSUE EXPANSION 370
LOCAL FLAPS 370
MICROSURGICAL RECONSTRUCTION 374
SUMMARY 375
REFERENCES 375
Defect of the Eyelids 377
Key points 377
INTRODUCTION 377
CONTENT 377
Physiology of the Eyelid and Lacrimal System 377
Surgical Anatomy of the Eyelids 378
Reconstructive Principles 379
Grafts for Partial-Thickness Reconstruction 380
Local Cutaneous Flaps for Partial-Thickness Reconstruction 380
Full-Thickness Defect Classification 382
PRIMARY CLOSURE 382
LOCAL FLAP RECONSTRUCTION 382
CROSS LID FLAPS: LOWER EYELID DEFECTS 385
CROSS LID FLAPS: UPPER EYELID DEFECTS 388
COMPLEX DEFECT CLOSURE 388
CANTHAL RECONSTRUCTION 388
CANALICULAR AND LACRIMAL RECONSTRUCTION 390
SUMMARY 391
REFERENCES 391
Repair of Auricular Defects 393
Key points 393
TOTAL OR NEAR TOTAL AURICULAR DEFECTS 395
PERIPHERAL AURICULAR DEFECTS 397
Helix 397
Lobule 399
CENTRAL DEFECTS 399
Anterior 399
Posterior 405
SUMMARY 405
REFERENCES 407
Reconstruction of Cutaneous Nasal Defects 409
Key points 409
INTRODUCTION 409
SECONDARY INTENT AND PRIMARY CLOSURE 410
SKIN GRAFTING 410
LOCAL FLAPS 411
Bilobed Flap 411
Dorsal Nasal Flap 412
Interpolated Flaps 414
Interpolated melolabial flaps 414
Interpolated paramedian forehead flaps 417
CUTANEOUS RECONSTRUCTION BY SUBUNIT 418
Dorsum and Sidewalls 418
Nasal Tip 418
Columella and Soft Tissue Facets 418
Ala 419
Internal Lining and Nasal Framework 423
POSTOPERATIVE CARE 423
SUMMARY 425
REFERENCES 425
Reconstruction of Mohs Defects of the Lips and Chin 427
Key points 427
INTRODUCTION 427
ANATOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 427
PRIMARY REPAIR 428
Mucosal Lip 429
Labial mucosal advancement flap 429
Central Cutaneous Lip 429
Advancement flap 429
H-plasty (bilateral unipedicled advancement flaps) 431
Lateral Cutaneous Lip 431
V-Y flap 431
O-T flap 431
Rotation flap 432
Note flap 435
Full-Thickness Defects 436
Small-sized full-thickness lip defects 436
Medium-sized full-thickness lip defects 437
Large-sized full-thickness lip defects 438
Commissuroplasty and other revision surgery 438
CHIN DEFECTS 440
Anatomy 440
H-Plasty 440
O-T 440
V-Y 442
SUMMARY 442
REFERENCES 442
Reconstruction of Cheek Defects Secondary to Mohs Microsurgery or Wide Local Excision 443
Key points 443
INTRODUCTION 443
WOUND PREPARATION 445
TISSUE HANDLING, FLAP SURVIVAL, DISSECTION DEPTH 445
HEALING OF CHEEK DEFECTS BY SECONDARY INTENTION, PRIMARY CLOSURE, AND SCAR PLACEMENT ALONG AESTHETIC BOUNDARIES 446
PERIORBITAL CHEEK DEFECTS AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR LOCAL FLAPS BORDERING THE ORBIT AND LOWER LID 446
DEFECTS OF THE MEDIAL CHEEK, INCLUDING PERINASAL CONSIDERATIONS 447
DEFECTS OF THE PERILABIAL (BUCCAL) CHEEK 452
DEFECTS OF THE LATERAL/PREAURICULAR CHEEK 456
DEFECTS OF THE ZYGOMATIC CHEEK 458
SUMMARY 460
REFERENCES 460
Scar Revision and Recontouring Post-Mohs Surgery 463
Key points 463
INTRODUCTION 463
INTRALESIONAL STEROID INJECTIONS 464
DERMABRASION 464
Preoperative Consideration 464
Equipment 464
Procedure 465
Postoperative Care 465
Complications 465
LASER RESURFACING 465
SCAR REVISION SURGERY 466
Excisional Techniques 467
Irregularization Techniques in Flaps 467
Z-plasty 467
W-plasty 469
Geometric broken line closure 469
SUMMARY 471
REFERENCES 471
Index 473