BOOK
Obstetrics and Gynecology: Maintenance of Knowledge, An Issue of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, E-Book
Janice L. Bacon | Paul G. Tomich
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
The acquisition and implementation of new findings for clinical care in obstetrics and gynecology is at a more rapid pace than ever before. More understanding of the pathophysiology of disease coupled with improved screening technology and genetic information requires physicians to constantly update their knowledge-base and familiarize themselves with guidelines and advances in techniques as well as question old euphemisms. Medical specialties, including obstetrics and gynecology have moved from board certification as a solitary achievement to maintaining current knowledge- a continuous lifelong learning process. This issue of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics is dedicated to clinical care for patients with evidence-based recommendations: “state of the art” advice and updates. Articles are specifically devoted to Contraception: menarche to menopause; Vaginitis: beyond symptoms; Abnormal uterine bleeding; Recognition and therapeutic options for malignancy of the cervix and uterus; Gestational diabetes: Diagnosis, classification and clinical care; Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy; Obstetric emergencies: Shoulder dystocia and postpartum hemorrhage; Prenatal diagnosis: tools and tests for screening; Clinical recognition and screening for common breast disorders and malignancy; and Recognizing and managing common urogynecologic disorders.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Cover | Cover | ||
Obstetrics and Gynecology: Maintenanceof Knowledge\r | i | ||
Copyright\r | ii | ||
Contributors | iii | ||
CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
EDITORS | iii | ||
AUTHORS | iii | ||
Contents | v | ||
Foreword: Lifelong Learning Requires Maintenance of Knowledge | v | ||
Preface: Maintenance of Knowledge | v | ||
Contraception: Menarche to Menopause | v | ||
Vaginitis: Beyond the Basics | v | ||
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: Current Classification and Clinical Management | v | ||
Recognition and Therapeutic Options for Malignancy of the Cervix and Uterus | v | ||
Gestational Diabetes: Diagnosis, Classification, and Clinical Care | vi | ||
Updates on the Recognition, Prevention and Management of Hypertension in Pregnancy | vi | ||
Obstetric Emergencies: Shoulder Dystocia and Postpartum Hemorrhage | vi | ||
Prenatal Diagnosis: Screening and Diagnostic Tools | vii | ||
Cancer Recognition and Screening for Common Breast Disorders and Malignancy | vii | ||
Recognizing and Managing Common Urogynecologic Disorders | vii | ||
The Menopausal Transition | vii | ||
Special Article | viii | ||
Burnout in Obstetricians and Gynecologists297 | viii | ||
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY CLINICS\r | ix | ||
FORTHCOMING ISSUES | ix | ||
September 2017 | ix | ||
December 2017 | ix | ||
March 2018 | ix | ||
RECENT ISSUES | ix | ||
March 2017 | ix | ||
December 2016 | ix | ||
September 2016 | ix | ||
Foreword: Lifelong Learning Requires Maintenance of Knowledge\r | xi | ||
Preface:\rMaintenance of Knowledge | xiii | ||
Contraception | 143 | ||
Key points | 143 | ||
TYPES OF CONTRACEPTION | 144 | ||
NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING | 144 | ||
BARRIER METHODS | 144 | ||
Diaphragms | 144 | ||
Contraceptive Sponges | 145 | ||
Cervical Caps | 145 | ||
Female Condoms | 146 | ||
Male Condoms | 146 | ||
Spermicide | 147 | ||
ORAL CONTRACEPTION | 147 | ||
EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | 149 | ||
INJECTABLE PROGESTIN | 149 | ||
LONG-ACTING REVERSIBLE CONTRACEPTION METHODS | 149 | ||
PROGESTERONE CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS | 151 | ||
INTRAUTERINE DEVICES | 151 | ||
STERILIZATION | 152 | ||
SPECIFIC POPULATION CONSIDERATIONS | 153 | ||
POLICY IMPLICATIONS | 153 | ||
TOOLS FOR PROVIDERS | 153 | ||
REFERENCES | 154 | ||
Vaginitis | 159 | ||
Key points | 159 | ||
BACKGROUND | 159 | ||
THE VAGINAL ECOSYSTEM | 160 | ||
The Role of Estrogen | 161 | ||
EVALUATION OF VAGINAL COMPLAINTS | 161 | ||
History and Physical Examination | 161 | ||
Laboratory Testing | 163 | ||
PHYSIOLOGIC DISCHARGE | 163 | ||
VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS | 165 | ||
Causative Organisms | 165 | ||
Signs and Symptoms | 165 | ||
Diagnostic Testing | 165 | ||
Uncomplicated Versus Complicated Candida Infections | 166 | ||
Treatment | 166 | ||
BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS | 168 | ||
Signs and Symptoms | 169 | ||
Diagnostic Testing | 169 | ||
Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis | 169 | ||
Treatment | 170 | ||
TRICHOMONAS VAGINITIS | 171 | ||
Signs and Symptoms | 171 | ||
Recurrent and Persistent Trichomonas Infections | 171 | ||
Treatment | 171 | ||
DESQUAMATIVE INFLAMMATORY VAGINITIS | 172 | ||
CYTOLYTIC VAGINOSIS | 173 | ||
SUMMARY | 174 | ||
REFERENCES | 174 | ||
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding | 179 | ||
Key points | 179 | ||
ENDOMETRIAL AND ENDOCERVICAL POLYPS | 181 | ||
ADENOMYOSIS | 182 | ||
LEIOMYOMATA | 183 | ||
MALIGNANCY AND HYPERPLASIA | 185 | ||
COAGULOPATHY | 186 | ||
Ovulatory Function | 188 | ||
Endometrial | 189 | ||
Iatrogenic | 190 | ||
Not Yet Classified | 190 | ||
REFERENCES | 190 | ||
Recognition and Therapeutic Options for Malignancy of the Cervix and Uterus | 195 | ||
Key points | 195 | ||
CERVICAL CANCER | 196 | ||
Epidemiology/Risk Factors | 196 | ||
Cervical Cancer Prevention and Human Papillomavirus Vaccine | 196 | ||
Cervical Cancer Screening | 197 | ||
Cervical Cancer Fertility-Sparing Treatment | 199 | ||
ENDOMETRIAL CANCER | 199 | ||
Epidemiology/Risk Factors | 199 | ||
Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment | 200 | ||
Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia | 201 | ||
Endometrial Cancer Genetics | 202 | ||
Endometrial Cancer Fertility-Sparing Treatment | 203 | ||
Choosing Wisely Campaign Highlights | 205 | ||
REFERENCES | 205 | ||
Gestational Diabetes | 207 | ||
Key points | 207 | ||
BACKGROUND | 207 | ||
DIAGNOSIS OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES | 209 | ||
CLINICAL CARE | 211 | ||
Lifestyle Management and Glucose Monitoring | 211 | ||
Pharmacologic Therapy | 211 | ||
Antenatal Fetal Testing | 213 | ||
Assessment of Fetal Growth | 213 | ||
Timing of Delivery | 213 | ||
Intrapartum Glucose Management | 214 | ||
Postpartum Care | 214 | ||
Contraception | 215 | ||
SUMMARY | 215 | ||
REFERENCES | 215 | ||
Updates on the Recognition, Prevention and Management of Hypertension in Pregnancy | 219 | ||
Key points | 219 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 219 | ||
DEFINING PREECLAMPSIA | 220 | ||
PREVENTING PREECLAMPSIA | 221 | ||
TREATING HYPERTENSION | 224 | ||
SUMMARY/DISCUSSION | 228 | ||
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 228 | ||
REFERENCES | 228 | ||
Obstetric Emergencies | 231 | ||
Key points | 231 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 231 | ||
SHOULDER DYSTOCIA | 232 | ||
Definition | 232 | ||
Incidence | 232 | ||
Risk Factors | 232 | ||
Prevention | 234 | ||
Management | 234 | ||
POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE | 236 | ||
Diagnosis | 236 | ||
Incidence | 236 | ||
Risk Factors | 237 | ||
Prevention | 237 | ||
Management | 240 | ||
SUMMARY | 240 | ||
REFERENCES | 241 | ||
Prenatal Diagnosis | 245 | ||
Key points | 245 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 245 | ||
HISTORY OF SCREENING | 247 | ||
SCREENING TESTS | 247 | ||
FIRST-TRIMESTER SCREEN | 247 | ||
QUADRUPLE MARKER SCREEN | 248 | ||
INTEGRATED, STEPWISE SEQUENTIAL, AND CONTINGENT SCREENING | 249 | ||
CELL-FREE FETAL DNA | 249 | ||
ULTRASOUND ONLY | 251 | ||
DIAGNOSTIC TESTING | 252 | ||
CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING | 252 | ||
AMNIOCENTESIS | 252 | ||
CYTOGENETIC EVALUATIONS | 253 | ||
PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS | 254 | ||
SUMMARY | 254 | ||
REFERENCES | 254 | ||
Cancer Recognition and Screening for Common Breast Disorders and Malignancy | 257 | ||
Key points | 257 | ||
INCIDENCE | 257 | ||
RECOMMENDED SCREENING | 259 | ||
Mammogram | 259 | ||
Clinical Breast Examination, Breast Self-examination, Breast Self-examination Instruction, and Breast Self-awareness | 260 | ||
Risks and Benefits of Screening Mammogram, Breast Self-examination, Breast Self-examination Instruction, Clinical Breast Ex ... | 260 | ||
RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER | 262 | ||
Risk Tools | 262 | ||
Genetics | 263 | ||
Dense Breasts | 263 | ||
Factors Affecting the Relative Risk of Breast Cancer | 263 | ||
BENIGN BREAST DISORDERS | 263 | ||
Palpable Breast Mass | 263 | ||
Nipple Discharge | 264 | ||
Breast Pain | 264 | ||
Skin Changes | 265 | ||
Inflammatory Breast Disorders | 266 | ||
ADOLESCENTS | 266 | ||
Palpable Breast Mass | 266 | ||
Breast Asymmetry | 267 | ||
Juvenile Hypertrophy of the Breasts | 267 | ||
Breast Reduction Surgery | 267 | ||
Breast Augmentation | 267 | ||
REFERENCES | 267 | ||
Recognizing and Managing Common Urogynecologic Disorders | 271 | ||
Key points | 271 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 271 | ||
URINARY INCONTINENCE | 272 | ||
Types of Urinary Incontinence | 272 | ||
Evaluation of Urinary Incontinence | 272 | ||
Conservative Management of Urinary Incontinence | 276 | ||
Procedures in Urinary Incontinence—Overactive Bladder | 277 | ||
Surgery to Treat Stress Urinary Incontinence | 278 | ||
PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE | 279 | ||
Assessment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse | 279 | ||
Conservative Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse | 279 | ||
Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery | 280 | ||
SUMMARY | 281 | ||
REFERENCES | 282 | ||
The Menopausal Transition | 285 | ||
Key points | 285 | ||
THE LATE REPRODUCTIVE YEARS | 286 | ||
MENOPAUSAL TRANSITION (PERIMENOPAUSE) | 287 | ||
MENOPAUSE | 287 | ||
SYMPTOMS AND PHYSICAL CHANGES OF MENOPAUSE | 288 | ||
Vasomotor Symptoms | 288 | ||
Sleep Disturbance | 289 | ||
Headache | 289 | ||
Cognition and Mood | 290 | ||
Urogenital Atrophy | 291 | ||
Joint and Bone Changes | 292 | ||
CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES IN MENOPAUSE | 293 | ||
BREAST CANCER AND MENOPAUSE | 293 | ||
VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM | 293 | ||
NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY RECOMMENDATIONS | 294 | ||
Skin and Hair | 294 | ||
Eyes | 294 | ||
Ears | 294 | ||
Teeth and Oral Cavity | 294 | ||
Gallbladder Disease | 294 | ||
Epilepsy | 295 | ||
REFERENCES | 295 | ||
Burnout in Obstetricians and Gynecologists | 297 | ||
Key points | 297 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 297 | ||
THE PROBLEM IS PERVASIVE | 298 | ||
All Physicians are at Risk | 298 | ||
The Prevalence in Obstetricians and Gynecologists | 299 | ||
Residents and Young Physicians are at Increased Risk | 299 | ||
IDENTIFYING THE CAUSE | 300 | ||
STRESS VERSUS BURNOUT | 301 | ||
PERILS OF BURNOUT | 301 | ||
AM I BURNED OUT? | 303 | ||
PREVENTION | 304 | ||
REVERSING BURNOUT | 305 | ||
SUMMARY | 305 | ||
REFERENCES | 306 | ||
Index | 311 |