BOOK
Obstetrics and Gynecology: Maintenance of Knowledge, An Issue of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, E-Book
Janice L. Bacon | Paul G. Tomich
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
The acquisition and implementation of new findings for clinical care in obstetrics and gynecology is at a more rapid pace than ever before. More understanding of the pathophysiology of disease coupled with improved screening technology and genetic information requires physicians to constantly update their knowledge-base and familiarize themselves with guidelines and advances in techniques as well as question old euphemisms. Medical specialties, including obstetrics and gynecology have moved from board certification as a solitary achievement to maintaining current knowledge- a continuous lifelong learning process. This issue of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics is dedicated to clinical care for patients with evidence-based recommendations: “state of the art” advice and updates. Articles are specifically devoted to Contraception: menarche to menopause; Vaginitis: beyond symptoms; Abnormal uterine bleeding; Recognition and therapeutic options for malignancy of the cervix and uterus; Gestational diabetes: Diagnosis, classification and clinical care; Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy; Obstetric emergencies: Shoulder dystocia and postpartum hemorrhage; Prenatal diagnosis: tools and tests for screening; Clinical recognition and screening for common breast disorders and malignancy; and Recognizing and managing common urogynecologic disorders.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Obstetrics and Gynecology: Maintenanceof Knowledge\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITORS | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Foreword: Lifelong Learning Requires Maintenance of Knowledge | v | ||
| Preface: Maintenance of Knowledge | v | ||
| Contraception: Menarche to Menopause | v | ||
| Vaginitis: Beyond the Basics | v | ||
| Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: Current Classification and Clinical Management | v | ||
| Recognition and Therapeutic Options for Malignancy of the Cervix and Uterus | v | ||
| Gestational Diabetes: Diagnosis, Classification, and Clinical Care | vi | ||
| Updates on the Recognition, Prevention and Management of Hypertension in Pregnancy | vi | ||
| Obstetric Emergencies: Shoulder Dystocia and Postpartum Hemorrhage | vi | ||
| Prenatal Diagnosis: Screening and Diagnostic Tools | vii | ||
| Cancer Recognition and Screening for Common Breast Disorders and Malignancy | vii | ||
| Recognizing and Managing Common Urogynecologic Disorders | vii | ||
| The Menopausal Transition | vii | ||
| Special Article | viii | ||
| Burnout in Obstetricians and Gynecologists297 | viii | ||
| OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY CLINICS\r | ix | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | ix | ||
| September 2017 | ix | ||
| December 2017 | ix | ||
| March 2018 | ix | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | ix | ||
| March 2017 | ix | ||
| December 2016 | ix | ||
| September 2016 | ix | ||
| Foreword: Lifelong Learning Requires Maintenance of Knowledge\r | xi | ||
| Preface:\rMaintenance of Knowledge | xiii | ||
| Contraception | 143 | ||
| Key points | 143 | ||
| TYPES OF CONTRACEPTION | 144 | ||
| NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING | 144 | ||
| BARRIER METHODS | 144 | ||
| Diaphragms | 144 | ||
| Contraceptive Sponges | 145 | ||
| Cervical Caps | 145 | ||
| Female Condoms | 146 | ||
| Male Condoms | 146 | ||
| Spermicide | 147 | ||
| ORAL CONTRACEPTION | 147 | ||
| EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION | 149 | ||
| INJECTABLE PROGESTIN | 149 | ||
| LONG-ACTING REVERSIBLE CONTRACEPTION METHODS | 149 | ||
| PROGESTERONE CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS | 151 | ||
| INTRAUTERINE DEVICES | 151 | ||
| STERILIZATION | 152 | ||
| SPECIFIC POPULATION CONSIDERATIONS | 153 | ||
| POLICY IMPLICATIONS | 153 | ||
| TOOLS FOR PROVIDERS | 153 | ||
| REFERENCES | 154 | ||
| Vaginitis | 159 | ||
| Key points | 159 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 159 | ||
| THE VAGINAL ECOSYSTEM | 160 | ||
| The Role of Estrogen | 161 | ||
| EVALUATION OF VAGINAL COMPLAINTS | 161 | ||
| History and Physical Examination | 161 | ||
| Laboratory Testing | 163 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGIC DISCHARGE | 163 | ||
| VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS | 165 | ||
| Causative Organisms | 165 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 165 | ||
| Diagnostic Testing | 165 | ||
| Uncomplicated Versus Complicated Candida Infections | 166 | ||
| Treatment | 166 | ||
| BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS | 168 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 169 | ||
| Diagnostic Testing | 169 | ||
| Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis | 169 | ||
| Treatment | 170 | ||
| TRICHOMONAS VAGINITIS | 171 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 171 | ||
| Recurrent and Persistent Trichomonas Infections | 171 | ||
| Treatment | 171 | ||
| DESQUAMATIVE INFLAMMATORY VAGINITIS | 172 | ||
| CYTOLYTIC VAGINOSIS | 173 | ||
| SUMMARY | 174 | ||
| REFERENCES | 174 | ||
| Abnormal Uterine Bleeding | 179 | ||
| Key points | 179 | ||
| ENDOMETRIAL AND ENDOCERVICAL POLYPS | 181 | ||
| ADENOMYOSIS | 182 | ||
| LEIOMYOMATA | 183 | ||
| MALIGNANCY AND HYPERPLASIA | 185 | ||
| COAGULOPATHY | 186 | ||
| Ovulatory Function | 188 | ||
| Endometrial | 189 | ||
| Iatrogenic | 190 | ||
| Not Yet Classified | 190 | ||
| REFERENCES | 190 | ||
| Recognition and Therapeutic Options for Malignancy of the Cervix and Uterus | 195 | ||
| Key points | 195 | ||
| CERVICAL CANCER | 196 | ||
| Epidemiology/Risk Factors | 196 | ||
| Cervical Cancer Prevention and Human Papillomavirus Vaccine | 196 | ||
| Cervical Cancer Screening | 197 | ||
| Cervical Cancer Fertility-Sparing Treatment | 199 | ||
| ENDOMETRIAL CANCER | 199 | ||
| Epidemiology/Risk Factors | 199 | ||
| Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment | 200 | ||
| Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia | 201 | ||
| Endometrial Cancer Genetics | 202 | ||
| Endometrial Cancer Fertility-Sparing Treatment | 203 | ||
| Choosing Wisely Campaign Highlights | 205 | ||
| REFERENCES | 205 | ||
| Gestational Diabetes | 207 | ||
| Key points | 207 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 207 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES | 209 | ||
| CLINICAL CARE | 211 | ||
| Lifestyle Management and Glucose Monitoring | 211 | ||
| Pharmacologic Therapy | 211 | ||
| Antenatal Fetal Testing | 213 | ||
| Assessment of Fetal Growth | 213 | ||
| Timing of Delivery | 213 | ||
| Intrapartum Glucose Management | 214 | ||
| Postpartum Care | 214 | ||
| Contraception | 215 | ||
| SUMMARY | 215 | ||
| REFERENCES | 215 | ||
| Updates on the Recognition, Prevention and Management of Hypertension in Pregnancy | 219 | ||
| Key points | 219 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 219 | ||
| DEFINING PREECLAMPSIA | 220 | ||
| PREVENTING PREECLAMPSIA | 221 | ||
| TREATING HYPERTENSION | 224 | ||
| SUMMARY/DISCUSSION | 228 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 228 | ||
| REFERENCES | 228 | ||
| Obstetric Emergencies | 231 | ||
| Key points | 231 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 231 | ||
| SHOULDER DYSTOCIA | 232 | ||
| Definition | 232 | ||
| Incidence | 232 | ||
| Risk Factors | 232 | ||
| Prevention | 234 | ||
| Management | 234 | ||
| POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE | 236 | ||
| Diagnosis | 236 | ||
| Incidence | 236 | ||
| Risk Factors | 237 | ||
| Prevention | 237 | ||
| Management | 240 | ||
| SUMMARY | 240 | ||
| REFERENCES | 241 | ||
| Prenatal Diagnosis | 245 | ||
| Key points | 245 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 245 | ||
| HISTORY OF SCREENING | 247 | ||
| SCREENING TESTS | 247 | ||
| FIRST-TRIMESTER SCREEN | 247 | ||
| QUADRUPLE MARKER SCREEN | 248 | ||
| INTEGRATED, STEPWISE SEQUENTIAL, AND CONTINGENT SCREENING | 249 | ||
| CELL-FREE FETAL DNA | 249 | ||
| ULTRASOUND ONLY | 251 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC TESTING | 252 | ||
| CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING | 252 | ||
| AMNIOCENTESIS | 252 | ||
| CYTOGENETIC EVALUATIONS | 253 | ||
| PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS | 254 | ||
| SUMMARY | 254 | ||
| REFERENCES | 254 | ||
| Cancer Recognition and Screening for Common Breast Disorders and Malignancy | 257 | ||
| Key points | 257 | ||
| INCIDENCE | 257 | ||
| RECOMMENDED SCREENING | 259 | ||
| Mammogram | 259 | ||
| Clinical Breast Examination, Breast Self-examination, Breast Self-examination Instruction, and Breast Self-awareness | 260 | ||
| Risks and Benefits of Screening Mammogram, Breast Self-examination, Breast Self-examination Instruction, Clinical Breast Ex ... | 260 | ||
| RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER | 262 | ||
| Risk Tools | 262 | ||
| Genetics | 263 | ||
| Dense Breasts | 263 | ||
| Factors Affecting the Relative Risk of Breast Cancer | 263 | ||
| BENIGN BREAST DISORDERS | 263 | ||
| Palpable Breast Mass | 263 | ||
| Nipple Discharge | 264 | ||
| Breast Pain | 264 | ||
| Skin Changes | 265 | ||
| Inflammatory Breast Disorders | 266 | ||
| ADOLESCENTS | 266 | ||
| Palpable Breast Mass | 266 | ||
| Breast Asymmetry | 267 | ||
| Juvenile Hypertrophy of the Breasts | 267 | ||
| Breast Reduction Surgery | 267 | ||
| Breast Augmentation | 267 | ||
| REFERENCES | 267 | ||
| Recognizing and Managing Common Urogynecologic Disorders | 271 | ||
| Key points | 271 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 271 | ||
| URINARY INCONTINENCE | 272 | ||
| Types of Urinary Incontinence | 272 | ||
| Evaluation of Urinary Incontinence | 272 | ||
| Conservative Management of Urinary Incontinence | 276 | ||
| Procedures in Urinary Incontinence—Overactive Bladder | 277 | ||
| Surgery to Treat Stress Urinary Incontinence | 278 | ||
| PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE | 279 | ||
| Assessment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse | 279 | ||
| Conservative Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse | 279 | ||
| Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery | 280 | ||
| SUMMARY | 281 | ||
| REFERENCES | 282 | ||
| The Menopausal Transition | 285 | ||
| Key points | 285 | ||
| THE LATE REPRODUCTIVE YEARS | 286 | ||
| MENOPAUSAL TRANSITION (PERIMENOPAUSE) | 287 | ||
| MENOPAUSE | 287 | ||
| SYMPTOMS AND PHYSICAL CHANGES OF MENOPAUSE | 288 | ||
| Vasomotor Symptoms | 288 | ||
| Sleep Disturbance | 289 | ||
| Headache | 289 | ||
| Cognition and Mood | 290 | ||
| Urogenital Atrophy | 291 | ||
| Joint and Bone Changes | 292 | ||
| CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES IN MENOPAUSE | 293 | ||
| BREAST CANCER AND MENOPAUSE | 293 | ||
| VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM | 293 | ||
| NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY RECOMMENDATIONS | 294 | ||
| Skin and Hair | 294 | ||
| Eyes | 294 | ||
| Ears | 294 | ||
| Teeth and Oral Cavity | 294 | ||
| Gallbladder Disease | 294 | ||
| Epilepsy | 295 | ||
| REFERENCES | 295 | ||
| Burnout in Obstetricians and Gynecologists | 297 | ||
| Key points | 297 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 297 | ||
| THE PROBLEM IS PERVASIVE | 298 | ||
| All Physicians are at Risk | 298 | ||
| The Prevalence in Obstetricians and Gynecologists | 299 | ||
| Residents and Young Physicians are at Increased Risk | 299 | ||
| IDENTIFYING THE CAUSE | 300 | ||
| STRESS VERSUS BURNOUT | 301 | ||
| PERILS OF BURNOUT | 301 | ||
| AM I BURNED OUT? | 303 | ||
| PREVENTION | 304 | ||
| REVERSING BURNOUT | 305 | ||
| SUMMARY | 305 | ||
| REFERENCES | 306 | ||
| Index | 311 |