BOOK
Rapid Geriatric Assessment, An Issue of Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, E-Book
(2017)
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Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, guest edited by Dr. John Morley, is devoted to Rapid Geriatric Assessment. Articles in this issue will address Frailty; Sarcopenia; Anorexia of Aging; Mild Cognitive Impairment; Cognitive Frailty; Falls; Hip Fracture; Depression; Delirium; and Advanced Directives and Palliative Care.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Rapid Geriatric\rAssessment\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Preface: The New Geriatric Giants | vii | ||
| Frailty in Older Persons | vii | ||
| Sarcopenia | vii | ||
| Anorexia of Aging: Assessment and Management | vii | ||
| Mild Cognitive Impairment | vii | ||
| Cognitive Frailty: Mechanisms, Tools to Measure, Prevention and Controversy\r | viii | ||
| Falls in the Aging Population | viii | ||
| Rapid Geriatric Assessment of Hip Fracture | viii | ||
| Rapid Depression Assessment in Geriatric Patients | viii | ||
| Dissecting Delirium: Phenotypes, Consequences, Screening, Diagnosis, Prevention, Treatment, and Program Implementation | ix | ||
| Integrating Quality Palliative and End-of-Life Care into the Geriatric Assessment: Opportunities and Challenges | ix | ||
| Rapid Geriatric Assessment: Secondary Prevention to Stop Age-Associated Disability | ix | ||
| CLINICS IN GERIATRIC MEDICINE\r | x | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | x | ||
| November 2017 | x | ||
| February 2018 | x | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | x | ||
| May 2017 | x | ||
| February 2017 | x | ||
| Preface:\rThe New Geriatric Giants | xi | ||
| REFERENCES | xi | ||
| Frailty in Older Persons | 293 | ||
| Key points | 293 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 293 | ||
| WHAT FRAILTY IS | 294 | ||
| THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRAILTY AND DISABILITY | 295 | ||
| THE ASSESSMENT OF FRAILTY | 295 | ||
| THE MANAGEMENT OF FRAILTY | 297 | ||
| SPECIFIC ISSUES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FRAILTY | 299 | ||
| SUMMARY | 300 | ||
| REFERENCES | 300 | ||
| Sarcopenia | 305 | ||
| Key points | 305 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 305 | ||
| DEFINITION | 306 | ||
| PREVALENCE (REVERSIBILITY) | 306 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 306 | ||
| CONSEQUENCES | 307 | ||
| OTHER CLOSELY RELATED SYNDROMES AND DISEASES | 308 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 309 | ||
| TREATMENT (NONPHARMACEUTICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL) | 310 | ||
| Nonpharmaceutical | 310 | ||
| Nutrition | 310 | ||
| Exercise | 310 | ||
| Pharmaceutical | 311 | ||
| REFERENCES | 312 | ||
| Anorexia of Aging | 315 | ||
| Key points | 315 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 315 | ||
| ANOREXIA OF AGING: THE BIOLOGICAL SUBSTRATE | 316 | ||
| RISK FACTORS | 317 | ||
| ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF ANOREXIA OF AGING | 318 | ||
| TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR ANOREXIA OF AGING | 320 | ||
| SUMMARY | 321 | ||
| REFERENCES | 321 | ||
| Mild Cognitive Impairment | 325 | ||
| Key points | 325 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 325 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 326 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 327 | ||
| REVERSIBLE CAUSES | 327 | ||
| SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS | 329 | ||
| Screening Instruments | 329 | ||
| Imaging Studies and Biomarkers | 331 | ||
| Why Is Early Diagnosis Important? | 332 | ||
| TREATMENT | 332 | ||
| SUMMARY | 334 | ||
| REFERENCES | 334 | ||
| Cognitive Frailty | 339 | ||
| Key points | 339 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 339 | ||
| THE COGNITIVE FRAILTY APPROACH | 340 | ||
| The Proposed Definition of Cognitive Frailty | 340 | ||
| The History of the Link Between Frailty and Cognitive Impairment | 340 | ||
| The Relationship Between Frailty and Cognition | 341 | ||
| THE MECHANISMS OF COGNITIVE FRAILTY | 341 | ||
| Cardiovascular Risk Factors | 341 | ||
| Nutrition | 345 | ||
| Hormonal Changes | 346 | ||
| Inflammation | 346 | ||
| Accumulation of Neurotoxic β-Amyloid in the Brain | 346 | ||
| Nigral Neuronal Loss | 346 | ||
| Lifestyle and Mental Health Issues | 347 | ||
| THE TOOLS TO MEASURE COGNITIVE FRAILTY | 347 | ||
| THE PREVENTION OF COGNITIVE FRAILTY | 348 | ||
| COGNITIVE FRAILTY CONTROVERSY | 348 | ||
| SUMMARY | 349 | ||
| REFERENCES | 349 | ||
| Falls in the Aging Population | 357 | ||
| Key points | 357 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 357 | ||
| PREVALENCE, LOCATION, AND CONSEQUENCES | 358 | ||
| RISK FACTORS FOR FALLS | 359 | ||
| Sensory Impairment | 359 | ||
| Sedentary Behavior | 360 | ||
| Frailty, Nutrition, and Oral Health | 360 | ||
| Cognition and Mood Disorders | 360 | ||
| Gait, Balance, and Neurologic Impairment | 360 | ||
| Comorbid Illness | 361 | ||
| SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT OF FALLS | 361 | ||
| Low Risk | 361 | ||
| High Risk | 362 | ||
| Falls history | 362 | ||
| Functional and continence assessment | 362 | ||
| Nutrition, appetite, and sarcopenia assessment | 362 | ||
| Cognition and mood | 362 | ||
| Fracture risk assessment | 362 | ||
| Medications review | 363 | ||
| Frailty | 363 | ||
| Comprehensive physical examination | 363 | ||
| Home and environmental assessment | 364 | ||
| Laboratory and imaging investigations | 364 | ||
| INTERVENTIONS FOR FALLS PREVENTION | 364 | ||
| SUMMARY | 364 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 364 | ||
| REFERENCES | 364 | ||
| Rapid Geriatric Assessment of Hip Fracture | 369 | ||
| Key points | 369 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT | 369 | ||
| Timing of Surgery | 370 | ||
| Components of the Preoperative Assessment | 370 | ||
| History | 370 | ||
| Cognition | 370 | ||
| Physical examination and pain | 371 | ||
| Nutrition | 372 | ||
| Surgical risk | 372 | ||
| Comorbidities and frailty | 372 | ||
| Medication review | 373 | ||
| Investigations | 374 | ||
| Preoperative anemia | 375 | ||
| Imaging | 375 | ||
| Preoperative indicators of mortality and morbidity | 375 | ||
| SUMMARY | 377 | ||
| REFERENCES | 377 | ||
| Rapid Depression Assessment in Geriatric Patients | 383 | ||
| Key points | 383 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 383 | ||
| SCREENING FOR DEPRESSION | 384 | ||
| Waiting Room | 384 | ||
| Clinical Encounter | 384 | ||
| Suicidality | 385 | ||
| Depression with Psychotic Symptoms | 386 | ||
| Medication-Induced Depression | 387 | ||
| Medical Comorbidities | 388 | ||
| Cardiac Comorbidities | 388 | ||
| Endocrine Disorders | 388 | ||
| Neurologic or Psychiatric Comorbidities | 388 | ||
| REFERENCES | 389 | ||
| Dissecting Delirium | 393 | ||
| Key points | 393 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 394 | ||
| DEFINITION AND PHENOTYPES OF DELIRIUM | 394 | ||
| PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE | 394 | ||
| CONSEQUENCES | 394 | ||
| DESPITE THE MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY, DELIRIUM IS IGNORED BY HEALTH CARE | 396 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS AND SCREENING: KEY COGNITIVE PROCESSES FOR DELIRIUM | 396 | ||
| Consciousness | 396 | ||
| Attention | 397 | ||
| Delirium Diagnosis | 397 | ||
| “Rapid” Delirium Screening | 397 | ||
| Screening for Delirium with Arousal: Area of Controversy | 398 | ||
| CAUSES | 398 | ||
| NEUROPATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 399 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF DELIRIUM | 400 | ||
| NONPHARMACOLOGIC PREVENTION AND TREATMENT | 406 | ||
| Educational Programs | 406 | ||
| Multicomponent Nonpharmacologic Prevention | 406 | ||
| Single Component Nonpharmacologic Prevention | 406 | ||
| Prevention of Delirium in Older People in Institutional Long-Term Care | 406 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic Treatment | 408 | ||
| THE FUTURE OF DELIRIUM | 408 | ||
| SUMMARY | 409 | ||
| REFERENCES | 409 | ||
| Integrating Quality Palliative and End-of-Life Care into the Geriatric Assessment | 415 | ||
| Key points | 415 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 415 | ||
| SCOPE AND DEFINITION OF PALLIATIVE AND END-OF-LIFE CARE | 416 | ||
| QUALITY OF DEATH | 417 | ||
| PROGNOSTICATION | 417 | ||
| THE TRANSITION FROM CURATIVE TO PALLIATIVE CARE | 419 | ||
| DETERMINING LIFE EXPECTANCY | 420 | ||
| PALLIATIVE CLINICAL CARE | 423 | ||
| CLINICAL CARE AT THE END OF LIFE | 425 | ||
| SUMMARY | 427 | ||
| REFERENCES | 428 | ||
| Rapid Geriatric Assessment | 431 | ||
| Key points | 431 | ||
| THE PHYSICAL FRAILTY PHENOTYPE | 432 | ||
| SARCOPENIA | 433 | ||
| SIMPLIFIED NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRE | 433 | ||
| RAPID COGNITIVE SCREEN | 434 | ||
| ADVANCE DIRECTIVES | 434 | ||
| SUMMARY | 434 | ||
| REFERENCES | 435 | ||
| Index | 441 |