BOOK
The Clinician's Handbook of Natural Medicine E-Book
Joseph E. Pizzorno | Michael T. Murray | Herb Joiner-Bey
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Written by leading authorities in complementary and integrative medicine, this convenient, quick-reference handbook provides clear and rational directives on diagnosing and treating specific diseases and disorders with natural medicine. You'll get concise summaries of diagnostic procedures, general considerations, therapeutic considerations, and therapeutic approaches for 84 of the most commonly seen conditions, 12 of which are new to this edition, plus naturopathic treatment methods and easy-to-follow condition flowcharts. Based on Pizzorno's trusted Textbook of Natural Medicine and the most current evidence available, it's your key to accessing reliable, natural diagnosis and treatment options in any setting.
- Expert authorship lends credibility to information.
- Scientifically verified content assures the most reliable coverage of diagnostic and natural treatment methods.
- Over 80 algorithms synthesize therapeutic content and provide support for your clinical judgment with a conceptual overview of case management.
- The book's compact size makes it portable for easy reference in any setting.
- A consistent organization saves you time and helps you make fast, accurate diagnoses.
- 12 NEW chapters enhance your treatment knowledge and understanding with information on important and newly emerging treatments and areas of interest, including:
- Cancer
- Endometriosis
- Fibromyalgia
- Hair Loss in Women
- Hyperventilation Syndrome
- Infectious Diarrhea
- Intestinal Protozoan Infestation
- Lichen Planus
- Parkinson's Disease
- Porphyrias
- Proctological Conditions
- Uterine Fibroids
- Each chapter is fully updated to reflect the content of the latest edition of Pizzorno's Textbook of Natural Medicine and keep you current on the safest and most effective natural interventions.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| The clinician’s handbook of natural medicine | iii | ||
| Copyright page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Preface | vi | ||
| Acknowledgments | ix | ||
| Table of contents | xi | ||
| How to use | xi | ||
| 1 Acne vulgaris and acne conglobata | 1 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 1 | ||
| General considerations | 1 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 3 | ||
| Nutrition | 3 | ||
| Topical treatments | 5 | ||
| Procedural treatments | 5 | ||
| Other considerations | 5 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 6 | ||
| 2 Affective disorders | 8 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 8 | ||
| Depression | 8 | ||
| General considerations | 8 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 12 | ||
| Hormonal factors | 14 | ||
| Environmental toxins | 15 | ||
| Lifestyle factors | 16 | ||
| Nutrition | 17 | ||
| Monoamine metabolism and precursor therapy | 20 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 22 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 23 | ||
| Bipolar (manic) depression and hypomania | 24 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 24 | ||
| General considerations | 25 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 25 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 25 | ||
| Seasonal affective disorder | 27 | ||
| General considerations | 27 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 27 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 27 | ||
| 3 Alcohol dependence | 28 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 28 | ||
| General considerations | 28 | ||
| Intoxication and withdrawal | 31 | ||
| Metabolic effects of alcohol and alcohol dependence | 31 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 32 | ||
| Nutrition | 32 | ||
| Psychosocial aspects | 35 | ||
| Miscellaneous factors | 36 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 37 | ||
| 4 Alzheimers disease | 39 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 39 | ||
| General considerations | 39 | ||
| Neuropathology | 39 | ||
| Etiology | 39 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 44 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 46 | ||
| Diet | 46 | ||
| Estrogen | 47 | ||
| Aluminum | 47 | ||
| Nutrition | 47 | ||
| Other therapies | 50 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 50 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 52 | ||
| 5 Angina pectoris | 53 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 53 | ||
| General considerations | 53 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 53 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 55 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 55 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 57 | ||
| Other therapies | 58 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 59 | ||
| 6 Aphthous stomatitis (aphthous ulcer/canker sore/ulcerative stomatitis) | 60 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 60 | ||
| General considerations | 60 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 62 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 64 | ||
| 7 Asthma | 65 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 65 | ||
| General considerations | 65 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 67 | ||
| Causes | 68 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 70 | ||
| General | 70 | ||
| Diet | 72 | ||
| Nutrition | 74 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 77 | ||
| Acupuncture and acupressure | 79 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 80 | ||
| 8 Atherosclerosis | 82 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 82 | ||
| General considerations | 82 | ||
| Understanding atherosclerosis | 82 | ||
| Structure of an artery | 82 | ||
| Process of atherosclerosis | 84 | ||
| Causative factors | 84 | ||
| Determining a patient‘s risk | 85 | ||
| Clinical evaluation | 87 | ||
| Risk factors | 87 | ||
| Smoking | 87 | ||
| Elevated blood cholesterol levels | 88 | ||
| Further refinement of determining risk | 88 | ||
| Elevations of triglycerides | 89 | ||
| Inherited elevations of cholesterol and triglycerides | 90 | ||
| Diabetes | 90 | ||
| High blood pressure | 91 | ||
| Physical inactivity | 91 | ||
| Other risk factors | 91 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations—general guidelines | 91 | ||
| Diet—general guidelines | 92 | ||
| Olive oil and omega-3 fatty acids | 92 | ||
| Nuts and seeds | 93 | ||
| Vegetables, fruits, and red wine | 93 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations—lowering cholesterol | 95 | ||
| Importance of soluble dietary fiber in lowering cholesterol | 95 | ||
| Natural products to lower cholesterol levels | 96 | ||
| Niacin | 96 | ||
| Side effects of niacin | 97 | ||
| Plant sterols and stanols | 98 | ||
| Pantethine | 99 | ||
| Garlic (allium sativum) and onion (allium cepa) | 99 | ||
| Comparing natural cholesterol-lowering agents | 100 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations—antioxidant status | 100 | ||
| Vitamin E, coenzyme q10, and selenium | 101 | ||
| Vitamin C | 103 | ||
| Grapeseed and pine bark extracts | 103 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations—miscellaneous risk factors | 103 | ||
| Platelet aggregation | 103 | ||
| Fibrinogen | 104 | ||
| Homocysteine | 104 | ||
| “type a” personality | 105 | ||
| Other nutritional factors | 106 | ||
| Magnesium and potassium | 106 | ||
| Vitamin D deficiency | 107 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations—preventing recurrent heart attack | 107 | ||
| Aspirin | 107 | ||
| Dietary alternatives to aspirin | 108 | ||
| Preventing a subsequent stroke | 108 | ||
| Other considerations | 109 | ||
| Angiography, coronary artery bypass surgery, or angioplasty | 109 | ||
| Intravenous chelation therapy | 109 | ||
| Earlobe crease | 109 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 109 | ||
| Dietary recommendations | 110 | ||
| Lifestyle recommendations | 111 | ||
| Supplements | 111 | ||
| 9 Atopic dermatitis (eczema) | 112 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 112 | ||
| General considerations | 112 | ||
| Filaggrin and epidermal barrier dysfunction | 112 | ||
| Immune dysregulation, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and allergic inflammation | 114 | ||
| Environmental factors: Atopic dermatitis and allergy | 114 | ||
| Predictors of severity | 115 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 115 | ||
| Food allergy, gut permeability, and candidal overgrowth | 115 | ||
| Candida albicans | 116 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 117 | ||
| Probiotics | 117 | ||
| Essential fatty acids | 117 | ||
| Vitamin E | 117 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 117 | ||
| Other therapeutic considerations | 118 | ||
| Endocrine factors | 118 | ||
| Scratching cessation | 118 | ||
| Psychological approach | 118 | ||
| Environmental considerations | 118 | ||
| Dust mite exposure | 118 | ||
| Microwave exposure | 119 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 119 | ||
| Diet | 119 | ||
| Supplements | 119 | ||
| Topical treatments | 119 | ||
| Psychological approach | 120 | ||
| 10 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | 121 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 121 | ||
| General considerations | 121 | ||
| Etiology | 124 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 124 | ||
| Environmental neurotoxins | 125 | ||
| Food additives, sugar, and the feingold hypothesis | 125 | ||
| Essential fatty acids | 126 | ||
| Individual nutrients and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | 126 | ||
| Food allergy | 127 | ||
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 127 | ||
| Dysbiosis, gastrointestinal permeability, and intestinal parasites | 128 | ||
| Immune system impairment | 128 | ||
| Cognitive behavioral therapies | 128 | ||
| Neurofeedback (electroencephalographic biofeedback) | 129 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 129 | ||
| Procyanidolic oligomers | 129 | ||
| Ginkgo biloba extract | 129 | ||
| L-theanine | 129 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 130 | ||
| Step 1 | 130 | ||
| Step 2 | 130 | ||
| Step 3 | 130 | ||
| Step 4 | 131 | ||
| 11 Bacterial sinusitis | 132 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 132 | ||
| General considerations | 132 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 134 | ||
| Pelargonium sidoides (south african geranium) | 135 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 135 | ||
| 12 Benign prostatic hyperplasia | 137 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 137 | ||
| General considerations | 137 | ||
| Hormones and benign prostatic hyperplasia | 137 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 139 | ||
| International prostate symptom score | 139 | ||
| Physical examination | 139 | ||
| Urine and blood tests | 140 | ||
| Prostate-specific antigen | 140 | ||
| Prostate-specific antigen and benign prostatic hyperplasia | 140 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 141 | ||
| Lifestyle and exercise | 141 | ||
| Dietary and nutritional factors | 141 | ||
| High-protein diet | 142 | ||
| Zinc | 142 | ||
| Alcohol | 142 | ||
| Amino acids | 142 | ||
| Cholesterol | 143 | ||
| Beta-sitosterol | 143 | ||
| Vitamin D | 143 | ||
| Cadmium | 143 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 143 | ||
| Serenoa repens (saw palmetto) | 144 | ||
| Cernilton | 144 | ||
| Pygeum africanum | 145 | ||
| Urtica dioica (stinging nettle) | 145 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 145 | ||
| Therapeutic goals for benign prostatic hyperplasia | 145 | ||
| Lifestyle | 146 | ||
| Diet | 146 | ||
| Supplements | 146 | ||
| Botanicals | 146 | ||
| 13 Bronchitis and pneumonia | 147 | ||
| Diagnostic summary: Bronchitis | 147 | ||
| Diagnostic summary: Pneumonia | 147 | ||
| Special considerations with pneumonia | 149 | ||
| Viral pneumonia | 149 | ||
| Clinical summary for viral pneumonia | 149 | ||
| Mycoplasmal pneumonia | 149 | ||
| Clinical summary for mycoplasmal pneumonia | 150 | ||
| Pneumococcal pneumonia | 150 | ||
| Clinical summary for pneumococcal pneumonia | 150 | ||
| General considerations | 150 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 151 | ||
| Expectorants | 151 | ||
| Pelargonium sidoides (south african geranium) | 152 | ||
| Hedera helix (ivy) | 152 | ||
| Mucolytics | 153 | ||
| N-acetylcysteine (nac) | 153 | ||
| Bromelain | 153 | ||
| Vitamin C | 153 | ||
| Vitamin a | 154 | ||
| Vitamin E | 154 | ||
| Garlic (allium sativum) | 154 | ||
| Bottle blowing and salt pipes | 154 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 155 | ||
| Expectorants | 155 | ||
| Lobelia inflata | 155 | ||
| Glycyrrhiza glabra | 156 | ||
| Pelargonium sidoides | 156 | ||
| Hedera helix | 156 | ||
| Mucolytics | 156 | ||
| Guaifenesin | 156 | ||
| N-acetylcysteine | 156 | ||
| Bromelain | 156 | ||
| Supplements | 157 | ||
| Additional recommendations for pneumococcal pneumonia | 157 | ||
| Garlic | 157 | ||
| Hydrastis canadensis | 157 | ||
| 14 Cancer: Integrated naturopathic support | 158 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 158 | ||
| General considerations | 158 | ||
| The role of naturopathic medicine | 158 | ||
| Stages of cancer development | 160 | ||
| Cell cycle | 161 | ||
| Chemotherapy agent efficacy according to cell cycle phase | 161 | ||
| Types of cancer | 161 | ||
| Staging | 162 | ||
| Complete staging description | 162 | ||
| Tumor markers | 162 | ||
| Performance indexes | 163 | ||
| Tumor response criteria and terminology | 163 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 164 | ||
| Goals of naturopathic oncology support during active treatment | 164 | ||
| Stages of clinical care | 164 | ||
| Goals of natural therapies | 165 | ||
| Natural medicine support for surgery | 165 | ||
| Preoperative nutritional support | 165 | ||
| Postoperative nutrition | 166 | ||
| Chemotherapy and targeted biologic response agents | 167 | ||
| Actions of chemotherapeutic drugs | 167 | ||
| Families of chemotherapy drugs | 167 | ||
| Targeted biologic agents | 168 | ||
| Side effects of chemotherapy | 169 | ||
| Chemotherapy resistance testing | 169 | ||
| General recommendations for chemotherapy | 169 | ||
| To improve effectiveness | 169 | ||
| To reduce side effects of chemotherapy | 170 | ||
| Recommendations for specific individual chemotherapy agents | 171 | ||
| Radiation therapy | 174 | ||
| Types of radiation therapy | 174 | ||
| Side effects of radiation therapy | 175 | ||
| Naturopathic support during radiation therapy | 175 | ||
| Goals | 175 | ||
| Radiopotentiation | 175 | ||
| Radioprotection | 176 | ||
| Antioxidants during chemotherapy and radiation | 177 | ||
| Drug-nutrient interactions | 177 | ||
| Diet for cancer patients | 178 | ||
| Secondary prevention | 178 | ||
| 15 Carpal tunnel syndrome | 180 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 180 | ||
| General considerations | 180 | ||
| Etiology | 180 | ||
| Risk factors and frequency of occurrence | 182 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 182 | ||
| History | 182 | ||
| Physical examination | 182 | ||
| Other diagnostic tests | 183 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 183 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 183 | ||
| Physical medicine | 184 | ||
| Splinting | 184 | ||
| Therapeutic ultrasound | 184 | ||
| Yoga and stretching | 184 | ||
| Manual manipulation | 184 | ||
| Low-level laser therapy | 185 | ||
| Hydrotherapy | 185 | ||
| Acupuncture | 185 | ||
| Erognomics | 185 | ||
| Nutrition | 185 | ||
| Vitamin b supplementation | 185 | ||
| Medications | 186 | ||
| Surgery | 186 | ||
| Therapeutic approach for mild to moderate idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome | 186 | ||
| Physical medicine | 186 | ||
| Diet | 187 | ||
| Supplements | 187 | ||
| 16 Celiac disease | 188 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 188 | ||
| General considerations | 190 | ||
| Diagnosis | 191 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 191 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 192 | ||
| Patient resources | 193 | ||
| 17 Cervical dysplasia | 194 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 194 | ||
| General considerations | 194 | ||
| Human papillomavirus | 196 | ||
| Risk factors | 197 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 197 | ||
| Dietary factors | 198 | ||
| Nutritional botanical supplements | 198 | ||
| Miscellaneous considerations | 202 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 202 | ||
| Protocols for natural treatment | 202 | ||
| Botanical medicine | 202 | ||
| Sample treatment protocols | 205 | ||
| A typical cells of undetermined significance | 205 | ||
| Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions | 205 | ||
| High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions | 205 | ||
| 18 Chronic candidiasis | 206 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 206 | ||
| General considerations | 206 | ||
| Diagnosis | 208 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 209 | ||
| Diet | 209 | ||
| Hypochlorhydria | 209 | ||
| Enhancing immunity | 210 | ||
| Promoting detoxification | 210 | ||
| Probiotics | 211 | ||
| Natural antiyeast agents | 211 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 211 | ||
| 19 Chronic fatigue syndrome | 213 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 213 | ||
| Etiology | 213 | ||
| Diagnosis | 216 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 217 | ||
| Diet | 221 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 221 | ||
| Other therapies | 222 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 222 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 223 | ||
| 20 Congestive heart failure | 225 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 225 | ||
| General considerations | 227 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 227 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 227 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 228 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 230 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 231 | ||
| 21 Cystitis | 232 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 232 | ||
| General considerations | 232 | ||
| Diagnosis | 234 | ||
| Collection of urine specimen for culture | 235 | ||
| Examining collected urine | 235 | ||
| Coexisting conditions and differential diagnosis | 237 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 238 | ||
| Treatment | 238 | ||
| Increase urine flow | 238 | ||
| Chronic interstitial cystitis | 238 | ||
| Alternative treatments | 239 | ||
| Herbs and supplements | 240 | ||
| L-arginine | 240 | ||
| Quercetin | 240 | ||
| General measures | 240 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 242 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 242 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 243 | ||
| 22 Dermatitis herpetiformis | 245 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 245 | ||
| General considerations | 245 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 247 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 248 | ||
| 23 Diabetes mellitus | 249 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 249 | ||
| General considerations | 249 | ||
| Classification | 249 | ||
| Prediabetes and metabolic syndrome | 253 | ||
| Diagnosis | 254 | ||
| Causes of diabetes | 255 | ||
| Risk factors for type 1 diabetes mellitus | 255 | ||
| Early treatment and possible reversal of type 1 diabetes mellitus | 257 | ||
| Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus | 258 | ||
| Monitoring the diabetic patient | 261 | ||
| Complications of diabetes | 266 | ||
| Acute complications | 266 | ||
| Long-term complications | 268 | ||
| Specific complications | 269 | ||
| Contributors to long-term complications of diabetes | 270 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 272 | ||
| Nutritional and herbal supplements | 273 | ||
| Improve insulin function and sensitivity | 278 | ||
| Preventing nutritional and oxidative stress | 280 | ||
| Recommendations for specific long-term complications | 281 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 283 | ||
| Supplementation for type 1 diabetes | 283 | ||
| Recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus | 284 | ||
| Supplementation for type 2 diabetes | 284 | ||
| Additional supplements for the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications | 285 | ||
| For high cholesterol and other cardiovascular risk factors | 285 | ||
| For hypertension | 285 | ||
| For diabetic retinopathy | 286 | ||
| For diabetic neuropathy | 286 | ||
| For diabetic nephropathy | 286 | ||
| For poor wound healing | 286 | ||
| For diabetic foot ulcers | 286 | ||
| 24 Endometriosis | 287 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 287 | ||
| General considerations | 287 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 289 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 290 | ||
| Diet | 290 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 291 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 292 | ||
| Other considerations | 293 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 293 | ||
| Diet | 293 | ||
| Supplements | 293 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 294 | ||
| 25 Epilepsy | 295 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 295 | ||
| General considerations | 295 | ||
| Common causes of seizures | 297 | ||
| Classification | 297 | ||
| Partial (focal, local) seizures | 297 | ||
| Generalized seizures (convulsive or nonconvulsive) | 298 | ||
| Diagnosis | 298 | ||
| Diagnostic workup | 298 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 299 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 299 | ||
| Environmental toxins | 299 | ||
| Dietary considerations | 300 | ||
| Leptin | 301 | ||
| Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate | 303 | ||
| Nutritional considerations | 303 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 307 | ||
| Yoga and meditation | 308 | ||
| Trigeminal nerve stimulation | 308 | ||
| Exercise | 308 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 309 | ||
| 26 Erythema multiforme | 310 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 310 | ||
| General considerations | 310 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 312 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 312 | ||
| 27 Fibrocystic breast disease | 313 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 313 | ||
| General considerations | 313 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 315 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 315 | ||
| Dietary considerations | 315 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 316 | ||
| Herbal supplements | 317 | ||
| Other considerations | 317 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 318 | ||
| 28 Fibromyalgia syndrome | 320 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 320 | ||
| Diagnosis | 320 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 320 | ||
| General considerations | 322 | ||
| Current focus of conventional research | 322 | ||
| Other metabolism-regulating therapies | 324 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 325 | ||
| Laboratory testing for thyroid status | 325 | ||
| Thyroid function tests | 325 | ||
| Thyroid antibodies | 325 | ||
| Thyroid hormone therapy based on initial thyroid status | 326 | ||
| Dosage adjustments | 326 | ||
| Rehabilitation model: Data-driven clinical decisions | 327 | ||
| Objective assessment of patient status | 327 | ||
| Integrated metabolic therapies essential for all fibromyalgia syndrome patients | 328 | ||
| Additional factors needed for some patients | 329 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 330 | ||
| Assess fibromyalgia syndrome status | 330 | ||
| Patient safety | 330 | ||
| Thyroid hormone therapy | 330 | ||
| Wholesome diet | 331 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 331 | ||
| Abstention from metabolism-impairing medicines | 331 | ||
| 29 Gallstones | 332 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 332 | ||
| General considerations | 332 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 332 | ||
| Three steps of pathogenesis | 332 | ||
| Risk factors for cholesterol and mixed stones | 334 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 335 | ||
| Diet | 335 | ||
| Nutritional factors | 337 | ||
| Chemical dissolution of gallstones | 338 | ||
| Lifestyle | 338 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 339 | ||
| 30 Glaucoma: Acute (angle-closure) and chronic (open-angle) | 340 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 340 | ||
| Acute glaucoma | 340 | ||
| Chronic glaucoma | 340 | ||
| Normotensive glaucoma | 340 | ||
| General considerations | 342 | ||
| Diagnosis | 342 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 342 | ||
| Nutrition | 343 | ||
| Other recommendations | 344 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 346 | ||
| 31 Gout | 347 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 347 | ||
| General considerations | 347 | ||
| Causes of gout | 349 | ||
| Signs and symptoms | 349 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 350 | ||
| Dietary guidelines | 351 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 352 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 352 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 352 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 353 | ||
| Causes of hyperuricemia | 353 | ||
| Metabolic causes | 353 | ||
| Renal causes | 354 | ||
| 32 Hair loss in women | 355 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 355 | ||
| General considerations | 355 | ||
| Physiology of the hair cycle | 355 | ||
| Hair-pull test | 355 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 357 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 358 | ||
| Causes of hair loss in women | 358 | ||
| Androgenic female pattern hair loss | 358 | ||
| Side effect of drugs | 358 | ||
| Nutritional deficiency | 359 | ||
| Hypothyroidism | 360 | ||
| Antigliadin antibodies | 360 | ||
| Key diagnostic features of celiac disease | 360 | ||
| 33 Hepatitis, viral | 361 | ||
| General considerations | 361 | ||
| Defining terms | 361 | ||
| Viral hepatitis | 361 | ||
| Symptoms and signs | 363 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 363 | ||
| Prevention | 363 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 365 | ||
| Conventional therapies | 365 | ||
| Lifestyle recommendations | 366 | ||
| Sleep | 366 | ||
| Exercise | 366 | ||
| Diet | 367 | ||
| Fruit and hepatitis C | 367 | ||
| Caffeine and hepatitis C | 367 | ||
| Whey protein | 368 | ||
| Nutrient therapeutics | 368 | ||
| Vitamins c and e | 368 | ||
| Zinc and hepatitis C | 368 | ||
| Vitamin D and hepatitis C | 368 | ||
| Selenium | 369 | ||
| S-adenosylmethionine (sam) and hepatitis C | 369 | ||
| Liver extracts | 369 | ||
| Thymus extracts | 369 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 369 | ||
| Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice root) | 369 | ||
| Silybum marianum (milk thistle) | 370 | ||
| Phyllanthus amarus | 371 | ||
| Berkson combination approach with antioxidant and botanical therapy | 371 | ||
| Acupuncture and chinese medicine herbs | 372 | ||
| Sho-saiko-to or xiao chai hu tang | 372 | ||
| Hepatotoxic supplements | 372 | ||
| Hepatotoxic botanicals | 373 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 373 | ||
| Lifestyle | 373 | ||
| Diet | 374 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 374 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 374 | ||
| Berkson combination antioxidant approach | 374 | ||
| 34 Herpes simplex | 375 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 375 | ||
| General considerations | 375 | ||
| Diagnosis | 377 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 378 | ||
| Topical preparations | 378 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 379 | ||
| 35 HIV/AIDS: Naturopathic medical principles and practice | 381 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 381 | ||
| General considerations | 383 | ||
| Clinical progression to AIDS | 383 | ||
| Centers for disease control and prevention defining guidelines | 383 | ||
| Diagnosis and workup | 385 | ||
| Diagnostic testing | 385 | ||
| Medical history | 387 | ||
| Laboratory assessment and monitoring | 388 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 388 | ||
| Medical management of HIV and AIDS | 388 | ||
| Naturopathic management of HIV and AIDS | 389 | ||
| Enhance integration with primary care physicians and build a caregiving team | 390 | ||
| Complement and enhance positive effects of conventional treatment and minimize negative effects | 390 | ||
| Establish a foundation of health and wellness on the basis of naturopathic principles | 391 | ||
| Establish a core nutrient protocol | 392 | ||
| Replace known nutrient deficiencies caused by HIV | 392 | ||
| Provide other nutrients to support optimal immune function | 395 | ||
| Provide therapies to address constitutional symptoms, medication side effects, and symptoms of immunosuppression | 396 | ||
| Candida albicans and oral thrush. | 396 | ||
| Cardiovascular disease. | 396 | ||
| Diarrhea. | 397 | ||
| Herpes simplex virus, herpes zoster, shingles. | 397 | ||
| Kaposi’s sarcoma. | 398 | ||
| Lipodystrophy. | 398 | ||
| Macrocytic anemia. | 400 | ||
| Neuropathy. | 400 | ||
| Psychological conditions. | 401 | ||
| Wasting. | 401 | ||
| Provide specific antiviral therapy and immunomodulation using other nondrug treatments | 403 | ||
| Botanical medicines. | 403 | ||
| Homeopathy. | 404 | ||
| Physical medicine and acupuncture. | 404 | ||
| Provide education and guidance to patients seeking alternatives to conventional treatment | 405 | ||
| Therapeutic summary | 406 | ||
| Diet | 406 | ||
| Lifestyle | 406 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 406 | ||
| 36 Hypertension | 408 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 408 | ||
| General considerations | 408 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 411 | ||
| Current pharmacotherapy | 411 | ||
| Lifestyle and dietary factors | 411 | ||
| Dash diet (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) | 415 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 418 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 419 | ||
| Borderline hypertension | 419 | ||
| Stage 1 hypertension | 420 | ||
| Stage 2 hypertension | 420 | ||
| 37 Hyperthyroidism | 421 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 421 | ||
| General considerations | 421 | ||
| Disease risk | 421 | ||
| Diagnosis | 424 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 424 | ||
| Differential diagnosis of hyperthyroidism | 425 | ||
| Laboratory diagnosis | 425 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 426 | ||
| Comorbidities | 426 | ||
| Treatment of hyperthyroidism | 426 | ||
| Diet | 427 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 428 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 429 | ||
| Lycopus species, lithospermum officinale, and melissa officinalis | 429 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 430 | ||
| 38 Hyperventilation syndrome/breathing pattern disorders | 431 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 431 | ||
| Hyperventilation syndrome/breathing pattern disorders defined | 431 | ||
| Gender | 431 | ||
| Normal breathing pattern | 433 | ||
| Benefits of normal respiratory function | 433 | ||
| The carbon dioxide–oxygen balancing act | 433 | ||
| Respiratory homeostasis | 433 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 434 | ||
| Physiologic and pathophysiologic causes of altered patterns of breathing | 434 | ||
| Categorization of causes | 435 | ||
| The hydrogen ion factor | 435 | ||
| The carbon dioxide–hydrogen ion connection | 435 | ||
| The bicarbonate buffer | 435 | ||
| Oxygen delivery and smooth muscle constriction | 436 | ||
| Psychology and hyperventilation syndrome/breathing pattern disorders | 436 | ||
| Influence of emotion on breathing | 437 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 437 | ||
| Symptoms | 437 | ||
| Metabolic disturbances and hyperventilation syndrome | 439 | ||
| Acute hyperventilation progression | 439 | ||
| Chronic hyperventilation | 440 | ||
| Laboratory and office tests for hyperventilation syndrome/breathing pattern disorders | 440 | ||
| Caution | 442 | ||
| The nijmegen questionnaire | 442 | ||
| Biomechanical (structural) considerations | 443 | ||
| The structure-function continuum | 443 | ||
| The muscles of breathing | 443 | ||
| Neural regulation of breathing | 443 | ||
| Chemical control of breathing | 444 | ||
| Voluntary control of breathing | 444 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations and therapeutic approach | 445 | ||
| Treatment and rehabilitation of hyperventilation syndrome/breathing pattern disorders | 445 | ||
| Osteopathic and naturopathic protocol for care of patients with hyperventilation syndrome/breathing pattern disorders | 445 | ||
| Breathing rehabilitation exercises | 445 | ||
| 39 Hypoglycemia | 448 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 448 | ||
| General considerations | 448 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 450 | ||
| Health impact of hypoglycemia | 451 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 453 | ||
| Dietary factors | 453 | ||
| Lifestyle factors | 455 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 455 | ||
| Oral hypoglycemic drugs | 457 | ||
| 40 Hypothyroidism | 458 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 458 | ||
| General considerations | 458 | ||
| Causes of hypothyroidism | 460 | ||
| Hashimoto’s thyroiditis | 461 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 462 | ||
| Clinical symptomatology | 462 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 463 | ||
| Clinical assessment | 464 | ||
| Laboratory evaluation | 465 | ||
| Laboratory findings in thyroid disease | 465 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 466 | ||
| Diet and food allergy | 466 | ||
| Physiologic and hormonal considerations | 466 | ||
| Nutritional considerations | 468 | ||
| Exercise | 469 | ||
| Thyroid hormone replacement | 469 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 470 | ||
| Treatments for autoimmune hypothyroidism (hashimoto’s disease) | 470 | ||
| Treatments for nonautoimmune overt or subclinical hypothyroid disorder | 471 | ||
| 41 Infectious diarrhea | 473 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 473 | ||
| General considerations | 473 | ||
| Infectious agents and symptoms | 473 | ||
| Viral agents | 475 | ||
| Bacterial agents | 475 | ||
| Parasitic agents | 477 | ||
| Laboratory diagnosis | 477 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 478 | ||
| Conventional medicines | 478 | ||
| Underlying and predisposing factors | 478 | ||
| Hydration and electrolyte balance | 479 | ||
| Diet | 479 | ||
| Supplements | 480 | ||
| Probiotics: lactobacillus and saccharomyces | 481 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 482 | ||
| Berberine-containing plants | 482 | ||
| Potentilla tormentilla (tormentil root) | 483 | ||
| Allium sativum (garlic) | 483 | ||
| Other antiparasitic botanicals | 483 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 483 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 484 | ||
| Botanicals | 484 | ||
| 42 Infertility, female | 485 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 485 | ||
| General considerations | 485 | ||
| Integrative infertility treatment | 488 | ||
| Assisted reproductive technologies and naturopathy | 488 | ||
| Optimizing natural fertility | 488 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 490 | ||
| Female reproductive assessment | 490 | ||
| Complications | 495 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 503 | ||
| Supporting female fertility | 503 | ||
| Naturopathic preconception treatment | 503 | ||
| Fertility-damaging factors | 504 | ||
| Age | 504 | ||
| Weight balance | 505 | ||
| Immunologic considerations | 506 | ||
| Nutritional considerations | 507 | ||
| The fertility diet | 507 | ||
| Arginine | 508 | ||
| Carnitine | 508 | ||
| Antioxidants | 509 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 515 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 517 | ||
| General measures | 517 | ||
| Diet | 517 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 518 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 519 | ||
| 43 Infertility, male | 521 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 521 | ||
| General considerations | 521 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 523 | ||
| Andrology assessments | 523 | ||
| Male reproductive assessment | 525 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 529 | ||
| Possible causes of falling sperm counts | 530 | ||
| Causes of temporary low sperm count | 530 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 532 | ||
| Improving sperm-controlling and sperm-damaging factors | 532 | ||
| Scrotal temperature | 533 | ||
| Genitourinary infections | 533 | ||
| Avoiding estrogens | 533 | ||
| Environmental toxins | 534 | ||
| Exposure route | 535 | ||
| Toxicity assessment | 535 | ||
| Heavy metals | 536 | ||
| Radiation: Cell phones | 536 | ||
| Cigarettes, alcohol, and illicit drugs | 536 | ||
| Obesity | 537 | ||
| Infections and infertility | 537 | ||
| Diet | 537 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 538 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 543 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 545 | ||
| 44 Inflammatory bowel disease | 547 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 547 | ||
| Crohn’s disease | 547 | ||
| Ulcerative colitis | 547 | ||
| General considerations | 549 | ||
| Definition | 549 | ||
| Etiology | 550 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 551 | ||
| Control of causative factors | 551 | ||
| Extraintestinal manifestations | 553 | ||
| Malnutrition | 554 | ||
| Causes of malnutrition in inflammatory bowel disease | 554 | ||
| Nutritional consequences of chronic inflammatory and/or infectious disease | 555 | ||
| Prevalence of nutritional deficiencies | 555 | ||
| Minerals | 556 | ||
| Vitamins | 557 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 559 | ||
| Composition of bastyr’s formula | 561 | ||
| Butyrate enemas in ulcerative colitis | 561 | ||
| Prebiotics | 561 | ||
| Probiotics in crohn’s disease | 562 | ||
| Therapeutic monitoring and evaluation | 562 | ||
| Monitoring of the pediatric patient with inflammatory bowel disease | 563 | ||
| History | 563 | ||
| 3-day diet diary | 563 | ||
| Physical examination | 563 | ||
| Laboratory tests | 563 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 563 | ||
| 45 Insomnia | 565 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 565 | ||
| General considerations | 565 | ||
| Sleep apnea | 567 | ||
| Normal sleep patterns | 568 | ||
| Importance of adequate sleep | 569 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 569 | ||
| Serotonin precursor and cofactor therapy | 570 | ||
| Restless legs syndrome and nocturnal myoclonus | 571 | ||
| Botanicals with sedative properties | 572 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 572 | ||
| 46 Intestinal protozoan infestation and systemic illness | 574 | ||
| General considerations | 574 | ||
| Protozoa | 574 | ||
| Giardia species | 574 | ||
| Entamoeba histolytica | 576 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 577 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 577 | ||
| Artemisia annua (sweet annie or qinghao) | 577 | ||
| Berberine | 578 | ||
| Allium sativum and juglans nigra | 578 | ||
| Intestinal bacterial milieu | 578 | ||
| 47 Irritable bowel syndrome | 579 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 579 | ||
| General considerations | 579 | ||
| Conditions that can mimic irritable bowel syndrome | 581 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 581 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 584 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 585 | ||
| Miscellaneous considerations | 585 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 586 | ||
| 48 Kidney stones | 588 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 588 | ||
| General considerations | 588 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 590 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 592 | ||
| Dietary factors | 592 | ||
| Dietary recommendations for patients with high urine oxalate | 593 | ||
| Nutrients | 594 | ||
| Botanicals | 596 | ||
| Lifestyle | 597 | ||
| Miscellaneous | 597 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 598 | ||
| Acute obstruction | 598 | ||
| Calcium stones | 598 | ||
| Uric acid stones | 599 | ||
| Magnesium ammonium phosphate stones | 599 | ||
| Cystine stones | 599 | ||
| Brushite and struvite stones | 599 | ||
| 49 Leukoplakia | 600 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 600 | ||
| General considerations | 600 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 600 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 602 | ||
| Supplements | 603 | ||
| 50 Lichen planus | 604 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 604 | ||
| General considerations | 606 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 607 | ||
| Supplements and botanical medicines | 608 | ||
| Vitamin a and beta-carotene | 608 | ||
| Synthetic retinoids | 609 | ||
| Glycyrrhizin | 609 | ||
| Aloe vera | 609 | ||
| Hyaluronic acid | 609 | ||
| Purslane | 609 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 609 | ||
| Supplements | 610 | ||
| Topical treatments | 610 | ||
| Oral treatments | 610 | ||
| Intravenous treatments (lichen planus with hepatitis C) | 610 | ||
| 51 Macular degeneration | 611 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 611 | ||
| General considerations | 611 | ||
| Types of age-related macular degeneration | 611 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 613 | ||
| Reducing and preventing atherosclerosis | 614 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 616 | ||
| 52 Maldigestion | 618 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 618 | ||
| Indigestion | 618 | ||
| Reflux esophagitis | 618 | ||
| Hypochlorhydria (insufficient gastric acid) | 620 | ||
| Etiology | 621 | ||
| Pancreatic insufficiency | 622 | ||
| Pancreatic enzyme supplements | 623 | ||
| 53 Menopause | 624 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 624 | ||
| Baseline evaluation of menopausal woman | 624 | ||
| General considerations | 626 | ||
| Estrogen replacement therapy | 626 | ||
| Benefits and risks of conventional hormone replacement therapy and natural hormone replacement therapy | 627 | ||
| Risks | 628 | ||
| Coronary heart disease. | 628 | ||
| Stroke. | 629 | ||
| Gallstones. | 629 | ||
| Areas of uncertainty | 629 | ||
| Key clinically relevant issues from women’s health initiative estrogen replacement study | 630 | ||
| Natural hormones | 631 | ||
| Major symptoms of perimenopause and menopause | 632 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 632 | ||
| Treatment overview | 632 | ||
| Nutrition | 632 | ||
| Exercise | 634 | ||
| Stress management | 634 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 635 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 635 | ||
| Hormone therapy | 635 | ||
| North american menopause society recommended terminology for describing hormone therapy for menopause | 639 | ||
| Additional terms (not north american menopause society) distinguishing hormone regimens | 639 | ||
| Bioidentical or natural hormones | 640 | ||
| Bioidentical estrogens | 640 | ||
| Progesterone | 641 | ||
| Progesterone cream | 641 | ||
| Testosterone | 642 | ||
| Dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) | 642 | ||
| Nonbioidentical hormones | 643 | ||
| Additional medications | 643 | ||
| Perimenopause-menopause evaluation | 644 | ||
| Lifestyle factors | 645 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 646 | ||
| Diet | 646 | ||
| Supplements | 646 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 646 | ||
| Lifestyle | 647 | ||
| 54 Menorrhagia | 648 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 648 | ||
| General considerations | 648 | ||
| Etiology | 650 | ||
| Estimating menstrual blood loss | 651 | ||
| Pathologic causes of menorrhagia | 651 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 652 | ||
| Botanicals | 654 | ||
| Bioidentical hormones | 656 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 656 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 657 | ||
| Chronic recurring menorrhagia | 657 | ||
| Bioidentical hormones | 657 | ||
| 55 Migraine headache | 658 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 658 | ||
| General considerations | 658 | ||
| Classification and diagnosis | 660 | ||
| Types of chronic daily headache | 660 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 661 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 664 | ||
| Drug reactions | 664 | ||
| Diet | 665 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 667 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 670 | ||
| Hormones | 671 | ||
| Manual medicine | 672 | ||
| Acupuncture | 673 | ||
| Biofeedback | 673 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 674 | ||
| Hormonal therapies | 675 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 675 | ||
| Physical medicine | 676 | ||
| Factors involved with histamine-induced headaches | 677 | ||
| 56 Multiple sclerosis | 678 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 678 | ||
| General considerations | 678 | ||
| Epidemiology | 680 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 681 | ||
| Role of free radicals | 681 | ||
| Etiology | 681 | ||
| Genes | 682 | ||
| Viruses | 682 | ||
| Environment: Geographic and seasonal influences | 682 | ||
| Diet | 682 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 683 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 683 | ||
| Conventional treatments | 683 | ||
| Natural medicine | 684 | ||
| Diet therapy | 684 | ||
| Dr. roy swank low-saturated-fat diet | 684 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 684 | ||
| Omega-3 fatty acids | 684 | ||
| Omega-6 fatty acids | 686 | ||
| Vitamin D | 686 | ||
| Antioxidants | 687 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 687 | ||
| Other considerations | 688 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 689 | ||
| Diet | 689 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 689 | ||
| Botanical medicine | 690 | ||
| Exercise and stress management | 690 | ||
| 57 Obesity | 691 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 691 | ||
| General considerations | 691 | ||
| Morbidity associated with increased risk from obesity | 691 | ||
| Prevalence | 693 | ||
| Measurement of body density | 694 | ||
| Types of obesity | 695 | ||
| Causes of obesity | 695 | ||
| Physiologic factors | 696 | ||
| Diet-induced thermogenesis | 698 | ||
| Low serotonin theory | 699 | ||
| Environmental toxin theory | 699 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 700 | ||
| Behavioral therapy | 700 | ||
| Dietary strategies | 701 | ||
| Water | 701 | ||
| Atkins diet | 701 | ||
| Natural weight loss AIDS | 702 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 704 | ||
| Supplements | 705 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 705 | ||
| Indirect methods of analyzing body fat composition | 705 | ||
| 58 Osteoarthritis | 706 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 706 | ||
| General considerations | 706 | ||
| Diagnosis | 708 | ||
| Causes of misdiagnosis of osteoarthritis | 708 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 709 | ||
| Conventional pharmacologic treatment | 710 | ||
| Physical therapy | 710 | ||
| Dietary and exercise considerations | 711 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 711 | ||
| Physical therapy | 715 | ||
| Magnetic therapies | 716 | ||
| Relaxation | 716 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 716 | ||
| Additional therapeutic considerations | 718 | ||
| Topical analgesics | 718 | ||
| Proteolytic enzymes | 718 | ||
| Acupuncture | 718 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 719 | ||
| 59 Osteoporosis | 721 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 721 | ||
| General considerations | 721 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 723 | ||
| Risk factors | 723 | ||
| Hormonal factors | 725 | ||
| Additional factors | 725 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 726 | ||
| Bone mineral density testing | 727 | ||
| Laboratory tests of bone metabolism | 727 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 728 | ||
| Drug therapy | 729 | ||
| Lifestyle factors | 732 | ||
| General dietary factors | 732 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 734 | ||
| Botanical medicine | 738 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 739 | ||
| Supplements | 739 | ||
| Botanical medicine | 740 | ||
| 60 Otitis media | 741 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 741 | ||
| Acute otitis media | 741 | ||
| Chronic or serous otitis media | 741 | ||
| General considerations | 741 | ||
| Standard medical treatment | 743 | ||
| Causes | 743 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 744 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 747 | ||
| 61 Parkinsons disease | 749 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 749 | ||
| Neuropsychiatry | 749 | ||
| General considerations | 751 | ||
| Epidemiology | 751 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 751 | ||
| Substantia nigra cell death | 752 | ||
| Oxidative stress and glutathione deficiency | 752 | ||
| Environmental exposures | 753 | ||
| Detoxification dysfunction | 754 | ||
| Diagnostic considerations | 755 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 756 | ||
| Conventional medicine | 756 | ||
| Nutritional considerations | 757 | ||
| Diet | 757 | ||
| Food sources of levodopa | 757 | ||
| Calorie restriction | 757 | ||
| Low-protein diet | 758 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 758 | ||
| Antioxidants | 758 | ||
| Glutathione | 759 | ||
| Vitamin D | 759 | ||
| Coenzyme q10 | 759 | ||
| Melatonin | 760 | ||
| Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide | 760 | ||
| Creatine | 761 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 761 | ||
| Camellia sinensis (green tea) | 761 | ||
| Ginkgo biloba | 761 | ||
| Mucuna pruriens | 761 | ||
| Piper methysticum (kava kava) | 762 | ||
| Other therapeutic considerations | 762 | ||
| Smoking | 762 | ||
| Estrogen | 763 | ||
| Homeopathy | 763 | ||
| Acupuncture and tui na | 763 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 764 | ||
| Dietary recommendations | 764 | ||
| Lifestyle recommendations | 764 | ||
| Nutritional supplementation | 764 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 765 | ||
| Acupuncture | 765 | ||
| 62 Pelvic inflammatory disease | 766 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 766 | ||
| General considerations | 766 | ||
| Etiology | 768 | ||
| Complications | 769 | ||
| Risk factors | 769 | ||
| Pathogen access to upper female tract | 770 | ||
| Diagnosis | 770 | ||
| Differential diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease | 771 | ||
| Empiric treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease | 772 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 772 | ||
| Recommended antibiotic regimen | 772 | ||
| Recommended parenteral regimen a | 772 | ||
| Recommended parenteral regimen b | 772 | ||
| Physical medicine | 774 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 774 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 775 | ||
| Prevention | 776 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 777 | ||
| 63 Peptic ulcers | 779 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 779 | ||
| General considerations | 779 | ||
| Helicobacter pylori | 781 | ||
| Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 781 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 782 | ||
| Lifestyle factors | 782 | ||
| Nutritional factors | 782 | ||
| Miscellaneous | 784 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 784 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 786 | ||
| 64 Periodontal disease | 787 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 787 | ||
| General considerations | 787 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 789 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 791 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 794 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 794 | ||
| 65 Porphyrias | 796 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 796 | ||
| General considerations | 796 | ||
| Classifications of porphyria | 796 | ||
| Signs and symptoms of hepatic porphyrias | 798 | ||
| Biochemistry | 798 | ||
| Heme formation | 799 | ||
| Porphyria manifestation | 799 | ||
| Etiologic agents | 800 | ||
| Laboratory diagnosis | 801 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 802 | ||
| Toxins known to cause or exacerbate porphyria | 802 | ||
| Nutritional therapies | 803 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 806 | ||
| 66 Pregnancy health and primary prevention of adult disease | 807 | ||
| Overview | 807 | ||
| Preconception work | 807 | ||
| Pregnancy death rates and premature births | 807 | ||
| Weight gain | 807 | ||
| Obesity in pregnancy | 808 | ||
| Thyroid | 808 | ||
| Flu shots and vaccines | 809 | ||
| Lifestyle factors | 810 | ||
| Hydration | 810 | ||
| Energy needs and diet | 811 | ||
| Undernutrition and overnutrition | 811 | ||
| Healthy foods | 812 | ||
| Fruits and vegetables | 812 | ||
| Folic acid−containing foods | 812 | ||
| Apples | 812 | ||
| Vegetarian diets | 812 | ||
| Soy | 812 | ||
| Fish | 813 | ||
| Mercury | 813 | ||
| Dioxins | 814 | ||
| Polychlorinated biphenyls | 814 | ||
| Flaxseed | 814 | ||
| Caffeine | 814 | ||
| Cocoa and theobromines | 815 | ||
| Stevia | 815 | ||
| Peanuts | 815 | ||
| Sleep | 815 | ||
| Exercise | 815 | ||
| Alcohol | 817 | ||
| Smoking | 817 | ||
| Cannabis | 817 | ||
| Betel nut | 818 | ||
| Stress and mind-body modalities | 818 | ||
| Sunlight | 818 | ||
| Environmental toxins | 819 | ||
| Phthalates and bisphenol a | 819 | ||
| Perchlorates | 819 | ||
| Arsenic | 819 | ||
| Lead | 820 | ||
| Air pollution | 820 | ||
| Cell phone radiation | 820 | ||
| General supplementation | 821 | ||
| Multivitamins and folic acid | 821 | ||
| Essential fatty acids | 822 | ||
| Evening primrose oil | 822 | ||
| Vitamin D | 822 | ||
| Magnesium | 823 | ||
| Vitamin a | 823 | ||
| Antioxidants | 824 | ||
| Iron | 825 | ||
| Probiotics | 825 | ||
| Choline | 826 | ||
| Carnitine | 826 | ||
| Botanicals | 827 | ||
| Raspberry leaf (rubus idaeus) | 827 | ||
| Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) | 827 | ||
| Gingko biloba | 827 | ||
| Scutellaria (scutellaria baicalensis) | 828 | ||
| Bitter melon (momordica charantia) | 828 | ||
| Podophyllum | 828 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 828 | ||
| Support | 828 | ||
| Foods | 828 | ||
| Sleep | 828 | ||
| Exercise | 828 | ||
| Lifestyle | 828 | ||
| Nutritional supplementation | 829 | ||
| Botanical medicine | 829 | ||
| 67 Premenstrual syndrome | 830 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 830 | ||
| General considerations | 830 | ||
| Diagnosis and classifications | 832 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 833 | ||
| Estrogen metabolism | 833 | ||
| Estrogen impairs vitamin b6 function | 833 | ||
| Dietary considerations | 833 | ||
| Vegetarian diet and estrogen metabolism | 834 | ||
| Fat intake and estrogen metabolism | 834 | ||
| Sugar | 834 | ||
| Caffeine | 835 | ||
| Salt | 835 | ||
| Lifestyle choices | 835 | ||
| Hormone therapy | 835 | ||
| Thyroid function | 835 | ||
| Stress, coping style, and depression | 835 | ||
| Exercise | 836 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 836 | ||
| Vitamin b6 | 836 | ||
| Magnesium | 837 | ||
| Calcium | 838 | ||
| Zinc | 838 | ||
| Vitamin E | 838 | ||
| Essential fatty acids | 838 | ||
| Multiple vitamin-mineral supplements | 839 | ||
| L-tryptophan | 839 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 839 | ||
| Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree) | 839 | ||
| Ginkgo biloba extract | 840 | ||
| Hypericum perforatum (ST. john’s wort) | 840 | ||
| Saffron (crocus sativus l.) | 841 | ||
| Bioidentical progesterone therapy | 841 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 842 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 842 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 842 | ||
| 68 Proctologic conditions | 843 | ||
| Anorectal anatomy | 843 | ||
| Anal diseases | 849 | ||
| Anal fistula and anal abscess | 849 | ||
| Anal cryptitis | 850 | ||
| Anal fissure | 850 | ||
| Hemorrhoids | 852 | ||
| Internal hemorrhoids | 853 | ||
| Treatment | 853 | ||
| External hemorrhoids | 856 | ||
| Perianal dermatologic disorders | 857 | ||
| Condylomata acuminata | 857 | ||
| Condylomata lata | 857 | ||
| Lymphogranuloma venereum | 857 | ||
| Herpes | 858 | ||
| Pilonidal sinus | 858 | ||
| Proctalgia fugax | 859 | ||
| Proctitis | 859 | ||
| Pruritus ani | 860 | ||
| Botanicals for anorectal diseases | 861 | ||
| Treatment summary for hemorrhoids | 862 | ||
| 69 Psoriasis | 864 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 864 | ||
| General considerations | 864 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 867 | ||
| Gastrointestinal function | 867 | ||
| Incomplete protein digestion | 867 | ||
| Bowel toxemia | 868 | ||
| Liver function | 868 | ||
| Bile deficiencies | 868 | ||
| Nutrition | 869 | ||
| Individual nutrients | 870 | ||
| Psychological aspects | 872 | ||
| Physical therapeutics | 872 | ||
| Topical treatments | 873 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 874 | ||
| 70 Rheumatoid arthritis | 875 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 875 | ||
| General considerations | 875 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 877 | ||
| Diagnosis | 882 | ||
| Laboratory findings | 882 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 883 | ||
| Diet | 883 | ||
| Adverse food reactions | 883 | ||
| Therapeutic fasting | 884 | ||
| Vegetarian diet | 884 | ||
| The mediterranean diet | 884 | ||
| Dietary antioxidants | 884 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 885 | ||
| Multivitamin and multimineral supplementation | 886 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 888 | ||
| Physical medicine | 890 | ||
| Psychological aspects | 891 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 891 | ||
| 71 Rosacea | 894 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 894 | ||
| General considerations | 894 | ||
| Etiology | 896 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 897 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 898 | ||
| 72 Seborrheic dermatitis | 900 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 900 | ||
| General considerations | 900 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 902 | ||
| Nutrition | 902 | ||
| Botanical medicine | 903 | ||
| Homeopathic therapy | 903 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 903 | ||
| 73 Senile (aging-related) cataracts | 904 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 904 | ||
| General considerations | 904 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 906 | ||
| Antioxidants | 906 | ||
| Other nutritional factors | 908 | ||
| Diet | 909 | ||
| Toxic metals | 909 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 909 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 910 | ||
| 74 Streptococcal pharyngitis | 911 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 911 | ||
| General considerations | 911 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 913 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 914 | ||
| 75 Trichomoniasis | 916 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 916 | ||
| General considerations | 916 | ||
| Diagnosis | 918 | ||
| Trichomonal vaginitis | 919 | ||
| Trichomonas in the male | 919 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 919 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 920 | ||
| Topical trichomonacides | 921 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 921 | ||
| 76 Urticaria | 923 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 923 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 925 | ||
| Causes of urticaria | 925 | ||
| Physical urticaria | 925 | ||
| Cholinergic (heat reflex) urticaria | 926 | ||
| Cold urticaria | 927 | ||
| Autoimmune urticaria | 927 | ||
| Drug-induced urticaria | 927 | ||
| Food-related causes | 928 | ||
| Food colorants | 929 | ||
| Food flavorings | 929 | ||
| Food preservatives | 930 | ||
| Food emulsifiers and stabilizers | 930 | ||
| Infections | 930 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 931 | ||
| Diagnosis | 932 | ||
| Physical evaluation and history | 932 | ||
| Laboratory testing | 932 | ||
| Supplements | 933 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 934 | ||
| Physical medicine | 935 | ||
| Traditional chinese medicine: Acupuncture | 935 | ||
| 77 Uterine fibroids | 936 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 936 | ||
| General considerations | 936 | ||
| Diagnosis | 938 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 938 | ||
| Diet | 939 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 940 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 940 | ||
| Traditional herbs | 940 | ||
| Topical applications | 941 | ||
| Herbal phytoestrogens | 941 | ||
| Natural progesterone | 942 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 943 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 943 | ||
| Herbal medicines | 943 | ||
| Topical | 944 | ||
| Conventional medicine therapies | 944 | ||
| 78 Vaginitis | 945 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 945 | ||
| General considerations | 945 | ||
| Types of vaginitis | 947 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 952 | ||
| Dietary considerations | 952 | ||
| Nutritional supplements | 952 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 953 | ||
| Other agents | 954 | ||
| Diagnostic approach | 956 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 957 | ||
| Other botanicals | 958 | ||
| General recommendations | 958 | ||
| Specific recommendations and treatments | 958 | ||
| 79 Varicose veins | 960 | ||
| Diagnostic summary | 960 | ||
| General discussion | 960 | ||
| Etiology | 962 | ||
| Therapeutic considerations | 962 | ||
| Dietary factors | 962 | ||
| Botanical medicines | 963 | ||
| Therapeutic approach | 965 | ||
| Index | 967 | ||
| A | 967 | ||
| B | 969 | ||
| C | 971 | ||
| D | 973 | ||
| E | 975 | ||
| F | 976 | ||
| G | 977 | ||
| H | 978 | ||
| I | 980 | ||
| J | 981 | ||
| K | 981 | ||
| L | 982 | ||
| M | 983 | ||
| N | 984 | ||
| O | 984 | ||
| P | 985 | ||
| Q | 987 | ||
| R | 987 | ||
| S | 988 | ||
| T | 990 | ||
| U | 991 | ||
| V | 991 | ||
| W | 992 | ||
| X | 992 | ||
| Y | 992 | ||
| Z | 992 |