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Book Details
Abstract
Using a unique, problem-solving approach, Complications in Anesthesia, 3rd Edition, walks you through effective solutions to common complications in anesthesia and critical care. This practical reference uses a highly structured, clearly illustrated format to bring you up to date with what’s new in the field, help you anticipate potential challenges, and guide you through life-saving solutions.
- Presents content in an updated, logical organization covering various types of complications (drugs, testing, intubation, line insertion, surgical procedures, etc.) followed by differential diagnosis and treatment of signs of complications (intraoperative, such as hypoxia or hypotension; and postoperative, such as MI).
- Follows a problem-based, practice-oriented approach throughout; case synopses are followed by concise coverage of recognition, risk assessment, implications, management, and prevention.
- Allows you to review the case reports, contemplate the implications, then check your response against what the experts have to say.
- Includes numerous photographs, diagrams, flow charts, and tables that illustrate key concepts.
- Ideal as a clinical reference and as a study tool when preparing for oral boards.
- Brings you up to date with new safety standards and the latest ASA guidelines.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| COMPLICATIONS IN ANESTHESIA\r | i | ||
| COMPLICATIONS IN ANESTHESIA\r | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Contributors | vii | ||
| Preface | xxv | ||
| Contents | xxvii | ||
| COMPLICATIONS IN ANESTHESIA | xxxiii | ||
| 1 - Preoperative Conditions | 1 | ||
| 1 - Adrenal Insufficiency | 2 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 2 | ||
| Definition | 2 | ||
| Recognition | 2 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 3 | ||
| Implications | 4 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 4 | ||
| PREVENTION | 4 | ||
| 2 - Alzheimer’s Disease | 6 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 6 | ||
| Recognition | 6 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 6 | ||
| Preoperative | 6 | ||
| Intraoperative | 7 | ||
| Postoperative | 7 | ||
| Effect of the Perioperative Period on the Trajectory of Neurodegeneration | 7 | ||
| 3 - Chemical Dependency: Nonopioids | 8 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 9 | ||
| Definition | 9 | ||
| Recognition and Risk Assessment | 9 | ||
| Diagnosis | 9 | ||
| Alcohol and Tobacco | 9 | ||
| Cocaine | 10 | ||
| Marijuana | 10 | ||
| Implications | 10 | ||
| 2 - Procedure-Related Complications | 117 | ||
| 29 - Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair | 118 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 118 | ||
| Definition | 118 | ||
| Recognition | 118 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 120 | ||
| Implications | 120 | ||
| 30 - Adenotonsillectomy | 122 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 122 | ||
| Definition | 122 | ||
| Recognition | 122 | ||
| 3 - Intraoperative Agents and Potential Complications | 335 | ||
| 82 - Antibiotics | 336 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 336 | ||
| Definition | 336 | ||
| Red Man Syndrome | 336 | ||
| Immunoglobulin E–Mediated Anaphylaxis | 336 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 337 | ||
| PREVENTION | 338 | ||
| 83 - Antiemetics | 339 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 339 | ||
| Definition | 339 | ||
| Recognition | 339 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 339 | ||
| Patient-Related Factors | 339 | ||
| Surgical Factors | 339 | ||
| Anesthesia-Related Factors | 339 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 339 | ||
| General Measures to Decrease Baseline Risk of PONV | 339 | ||
| Interventional Measures | 340 | ||
| Serotonin (5-HT3) Receptor Antagonists | 340 | ||
| Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists | 340 | ||
| Corticosteroids | 340 | ||
| Butyrophenones | 340 | ||
| Antihistamines | 340 | ||
| Anticholinergics | 340 | ||
| Antidopaminergics | 340 | ||
| Metoclopramide | 340 | ||
| Acupuncture | 340 | ||
| 84 - Antihistamines: H1- and H2-Blockers | 342 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 342 | ||
| Definition | 342 | ||
| Recognition | 342 | ||
| Risk Assessment and Implications | 342 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 343 | ||
| PREVENTION | 343 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 343 | ||
| 85 - Autonomic Hyperreflexia | 344 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 344 | ||
| Definition | 344 | ||
| Recognition | 344 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 344 | ||
| Implications | 345 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 345 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic Management | 345 | ||
| Pharmacologic Management | 345 | ||
| PREVENTION | 345 | ||
| Emergence and Postoperative Management | 346 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 346 | ||
| 86 - Barbiturates: Porphyrias | 347 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 347 | ||
| Definition | 347 | ||
| Recognition | 348 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 348 | ||
| Implications | 348 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 349 | ||
| Acute Attack of Porphyria in the Perioperative Period | 349 | ||
| Anesthetic Management of Patients With Acute Porphyria | 349 | ||
| PREVENTION | 349 | ||
| 87 - Disorders of Potassium Balance | 351 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 351 | ||
| Definition | 351 | ||
| Recognition | 351 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 352 | ||
| Implications | 352 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 352 | ||
| Whether to Proceed With Anesthesia and Surgery | 352 | ||
| Treatment of Hypokalemia (Box 87.3) | 353 | ||
| PREVENTION | 353 | ||
| Definition | 353 | ||
| Recognition | 353 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 354 | ||
| Implications | 354 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 354 | ||
| PREVENTION | 355 | ||
| 88 - Intrathecal Opioids | 356 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 356 | ||
| Definition | 356 | ||
| Recognition | 356 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 356 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 357 | ||
| PREVENTION | 357 | ||
| 89 - Ketamine | 358 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 358 | ||
| Definition | 358 | ||
| Recognition | 358 | ||
| Tachycardia and Increase in Arterial Pressure | 358 | ||
| Increase in Skeletal Muscle Tone | 358 | ||
| Respiratory Depression/Apnea | 358 | ||
| Laryngospasm | 358 | ||
| Nausea and Vomiting | 358 | ||
| Emergence Reactions | 359 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 359 | ||
| Implications | 359 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 359 | ||
| PREVENTION | 359 | ||
| 90 - Magnesium | 361 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 361 | ||
| Magnesium Homeostasis | 361 | ||
| Role in Cellular Function | 361 | ||
| Role in Therapeutics | 361 | ||
| Recognition | 362 | ||
| 4 - Equipment-Related Complications | 421 | ||
| 105 - Anesthesia Circuit | 422 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 422 | ||
| Definition | 422 | ||
| Recognition | 422 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 422 | ||
| Implications | 423 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 423 | ||
| PREVENTION | 424 | ||
| 106 - Carbon Dioxide Absorbers | 426 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 426 | ||
| Definition | 426 | ||
| Recognition | 426 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 427 | ||
| Implications | 427 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 428 | ||
| PREVENTION | 428 | ||
| 107 - Central Venous Pressure Monitoring | 429 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 429 | ||
| Definition | 429 | ||
| Recognition | 429 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 430 | ||
| Implications | 431 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 431 | ||
| PREVENTION | 431 | ||
| 108 - Electrical Safety | 434 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 434 | ||
| Definition | 434 | ||
| Recognition | 434 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 434 | ||
| Implications | 434 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 434 | ||
| Line Isolation Monitor | 434 | ||
| Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters | 435 | ||
| PREVENTION | 435 | ||
| Grounding | 435 | ||
| Power Isolation | 435 | ||
| Line Isolation Monitor | 435 | ||
| Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter | 435 | ||
| Pacing Leads and Saline Monitoring Lines | 435 | ||
| Inspection | 436 | ||
| 109 - Fires in the Operating Room | 437 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 437 | ||
| Definition | 437 | ||
| Recognition | 438 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 438 | ||
| Implications | 438 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 438 | ||
| PREVENTION | 439 | ||
| 110 - Flowmeters | 443 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 443 | ||
| Definition | 443 | ||
| Recognition | 444 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 445 | ||
| Implications | 445 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 445 | ||
| PREVENTION | 445 | ||
| 111 - Intracranial Pressure Monitoring | 447 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 447 | ||
| Definition | 447 | ||
| Recognition | 447 | ||
| Construction | 447 | ||
| Zeroing | 447 | ||
| Transducer Location | 448 | ||
| Calibration | 448 | ||
| Drift | 448 | ||
| Transducer Types | 448 | ||
| Sources of Error | 448 | ||
| Ventricular Intracranial Pressure Monitoring | 448 | ||
| Continuous Intracranial Pressure Monitoring | 448 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 449 | ||
| Implications | 449 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 450 | ||
| PREVENTION | 450 | ||
| 112 - Intravenous Drug Delivery Systems | 452 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 452 | ||
| Definition | 452 | ||
| Recognition | 452 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 453 | ||
| Implications | 454 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 454 | ||
| PREVENTION | 455 | ||
| 113 - Laser Complications | 456 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 456 | ||
| Definition | 456 | ||
| Recognition | 456 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 456 | ||
| Implications | 456 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 456 | ||
| PREVENTION | 457 | ||
| Eye Protection | 457 | ||
| Perforation Risk | 457 | ||
| Skin Damage | 457 | ||
| Environmental Hazards | 457 | ||
| Airway Fire | 457 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 457 | ||
| 114 - Mechanical Ventilators | 458 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 458 | ||
| Definition | 458 | ||
| Recognition | 458 | ||
| Turning the Ventilator On | 458 | ||
| Ventilator Rate and Tidal Volume | 458 | ||
| Pressure Limit | 458 | ||
| Inspiratory-Expiratory Ratio | 458 | ||
| Fresh Gas Flow | 459 | ||
| Ventilator Alarms | 459 | ||
| Ventilator Bellows | 459 | ||
| Ventilator Failure | 459 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 459 | ||
| Implications | 460 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 460 | ||
| PREVENTION | 460 | ||
| 115 - Patient Warming Systems | 461 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 461 | ||
| Definition | 461 | ||
| Recognition | 461 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 461 | ||
| Implications | 462 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 463 | ||
| PREVENTION | 463 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 463 | ||
| 116 - Pipeline Source Failure | 464 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 464 | ||
| Definition | 464 | ||
| Recognition | 464 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 464 | ||
| Implications | 464 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 464 | ||
| PREVENTION | 466 | ||
| 117 - Proportioning Systems | 467 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 467 | ||
| Definition | 467 | ||
| Recognition | 467 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 467 | ||
| Implications | 469 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 469 | ||
| PREVENTION | 469 | ||
| 118 - Pulmonary Artery Pressure Monitoring | 471 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 471 | ||
| Definition | 471 | ||
| Arrhythmias or Bundle Branch Block | 471 | ||
| Malposition of the Catheter Tip | 471 | ||
| Pulmonary Thromboembolism | 472 | ||
| Balloon Rupture | 472 | ||
| Pulmonary Artery Perforation or Rupture | 473 | ||
| Catheter Knotting or Entanglement | 473 | ||
| Catheter Colonization and Sepsis | 473 | ||
| Inappropriate Use and Data Misinterpretation | 473 | ||
| Recognition | 473 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 473 | ||
| Implications | 473 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 474 | ||
| PREVENTION | 474 | ||
| 119 - Rapid Fluid and Blood Delivery Systems | 476 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 476 | ||
| Definition | 476 | ||
| Recognition | 476 | ||
| Venous Air Embolism | 476 | ||
| Hypervolemia | 476 | ||
| Hypothermia or Hyperthermia | 476 | ||
| Electrical Shock | 476 | ||
| Risk Assessment and Implications | 477 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 477 | ||
| PREVENTION | 477 | ||
| 120 - Scavenging Systems | 478 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 478 | ||
| Definition | 478 | ||
| Recognition | 478 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 479 | ||
| Implications | 480 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 480 | ||
| PREVENTION | 480 | ||
| 121 - Surgical Electrocautery | 481 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 481 | ||
| Definition | 481 | ||
| Recognition | 481 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 481 | ||
| MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION | 482 | ||
| Safety Precautions | 482 | ||
| Other Electrosurgical Unit Risks | 483 | ||
| 122 - Transesophageal Echocardiography | 484 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 484 | ||
| Definition | 484 | ||
| Recognition | 484 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 484 | ||
| Implications | 484 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 485 | ||
| PREVENTION | 485 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 485 | ||
| 123 - Vaporizers | 486 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 486 | ||
| Definition | 486 | ||
| Recognition | 486 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 486 | ||
| Vaporizer Malfunction | 486 | ||
| Agent-Specific Vaporizer Misfilling | 487 | ||
| Overfilling and Tipping | 487 | ||
| Freestanding Vaporizers and Reversal of Flow | 487 | ||
| Implications | 488 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 489 | ||
| PREVENTION | 489 | ||
| 5 - Perioperative Events | 491 | ||
| 124 - Adverse Neurologic Sequelae: Central Neurologic Impairment | 492 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 492 | ||
| Definition | 492 | ||
| Recognition | 492 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 493 | ||
| Implications | 493 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 493 | ||
| PREVENTION | 494 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 494 | ||
| 125 - Adverse Neurologic Sequelae: Peripheral Nerve Injury | 495 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 495 | ||
| Definition | 495 | ||
| Recognition | 495 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 496 | ||
| Implications | 496 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 496 | ||
| PREVENTION | 497 | ||
| 126 - Adverse Events and Unanticipated Outcomes: Comprehensive Disclosure | 498 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 498 | ||
| PREPARING FOR DISCLOSURE | 498 | ||
| DISCLOSURE | 499 | ||
| DISCUSSING POTENTIAL COMPENSATION | 499 | ||
| EXPRESSING REGRET OR AN APOLOGY | 499 | ||
| DOCUMENTATION | 500 | ||
| FOLLOW-UP | 500 | ||
| CASE SYNOPSIS ANALYSIS | 500 | ||
| Disclosure Prep Team | 500 | ||
| Disclosure Team | 500 | ||
| Information Disclosed | 500 | ||
| Anesthesia Documentation | 501 | ||
| Follow-Up Plan | 501 | ||
| DISCUSSION | 501 | ||
| 127 - Air Emboli | 502 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 502 | ||
| Definition | 502 | ||
| Recognition | 502 | ||
| Echocardiography | 502 | ||
| Doppler Ultrasonography | 502 | ||
| End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide | 503 | ||
| Exhaled Nitrogen | 503 | ||
| Pulmonary Artery Catheter | 503 | ||
| Central Venous Catheter | 503 | ||
| Arterial Blood Pressure | 504 | ||
| Pulse Oximetry | 504 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 504 | ||
| Implications | 504 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 504 | ||
| PREVENTION | 504 | ||
| 128 - Alleged Malpractice | 506 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 506 | ||
| Elements of a Malpractice Claim | 506 | ||
| Notice of a Potential Claim | 506 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 506 | ||
| Preparing a Defense | 507 | ||
| LITIGATION PROCESS | 507 | ||
| Discovery | 507 | ||
| Experts | 508 | ||
| Motions | 508 | ||
| Pretrial Conference | 508 | ||
| Trial Testimony | 508 | ||
| PREVENTION | 509 | ||
| PSYCHOLOGIC RESPONSE TO BEING SUED | 509 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 509 | ||
| 129 - Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactoid Reactions | 510 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 510 | ||
| Definition | 510 | ||
| Recognition | 510 | ||
| Epidemiology | 510 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 510 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 511 | ||
| Emerging Allergens in Anesthetic Practice | 511 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations of Anaphylaxis | 511 | ||
| Diagnosis | 512 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 512 | ||
| PREVENTION | 512 | ||
| 130 - Angioedema and Urticaria | 514 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 514 | ||
| Definition | 514 | ||
| Recognition | 514 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 514 | ||
| Implications | 515 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 515 | ||
| PREVENTION | 516 | ||
| 131 - Autonomic Dysreflexia | 517 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 517 | ||
| Definition | 517 | ||
| Recognition | 517 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 517 | ||
| Implications | 517 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 517 | ||
| PREVENTION | 518 | ||
| 132 - Awareness Under Anesthesia | 519 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 519 | ||
| Definition | 519 | ||
| RECOGNITION, MANAGEMENT, AND PREVENTION | 519 | ||
| Psychological Implications | 520 | ||
| Causality and Medicolegal Aspects | 520 | ||
| 133 - Bradyarrhythmias | 521 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 521 | ||
| Definition | 521 | ||
| Subsidiary Atrial Pacemakers | 522 | ||
| Atrioventricular Junctional Pacemakers | 522 | ||
| Purkinje Fibers | 522 | ||
| Ventricular Muscle Fibers | 522 | ||
| Recognition | 522 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 523 | ||
| General Anesthesia and Surgery | 523 | ||
| Neuraxial Blockade | 523 | ||
| Drug-Induced Bradycardia | 523 | ||
| Metabolic Causes | 523 | ||
| Implications | 524 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 524 | ||
| Sinus Bradycardia | 524 | ||
| Atrioventricular Junctional Escape Rhythm | 524 | ||
| Sick Sinus Syndrome | 524 | ||
| Failure of Impulse Propagation | 524 | ||
| First-Degree Atrioventricular Block | 524 | ||
| Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block | 524 | ||
| Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block | 524 | ||
| Treatment of Symptomatic Bradycardia | 524 | ||
| PREVENTION | 525 | ||
| 134 - Bronchospasm | 527 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 527 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 527 | ||
| PREVENTION | 527 | ||
| 135 - CELIAC PLEXUS BLOCK: SIDE EFFECTS AND COMPLICATIONS | 530 | ||
| Definition | 530 | ||
| Recognition | 530 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 530 | ||
| Celiac Plexus Block: Side Effects and Complications | 530 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 531 | ||
| PREVENTION | 531 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 531 | ||
| 136 - Corneal Injury | 532 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 532 | ||
| Definition | 532 | ||
| Recognition | 532 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 532 | ||
| Chemical Injury | 533 | ||
| Corneal Abrasion | 533 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 533 | ||
| PREVENTION | 534 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 534 | ||
| 137 - Delayed Emergence | 535 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 535 | ||
| Definition | 535 | ||
| Recognition | 535 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 536 | ||
| Implications | 536 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 537 | ||
| Assessment and Investigation | 537 | ||
| Treatment | 537 | ||
| Pharmacologic Causes and Mechanisms | 537 | ||
| Metabolic Causes and Mechanisms | 537 | ||
| Uncommon Causes | 537 | ||
| PREVENTION | 538 | ||
| Anesthesia Plan | 538 | ||
| Discussion About the Case Synopses | 538 | ||
| Case 1 | 538 | ||
| Case 2 | 538 | ||
| Case 3 | 538 | ||
| 138 - Dental Injuries | 539 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 539 | ||
| Definition | 539 | ||
| Analysis of Quality Assurance Data and Closed Claims | 539 | ||
| Recognition | 539 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 540 | ||
| PREVENTION | 540 | ||
| 139 - Difficult Airway and Failed Extubation | 542 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 542 | ||
| Failed Extubation | 542 | ||
| Difficult Airway | 542 | ||
| Difficult Facemask Ventilation | 542 | ||
| Difficult Laryngoscopy and Intubation | 542 | ||
| Recognition and Risk Assessment | 543 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 544 | ||
| Emergency Noninvasive Airway Ventilation | 544 | ||
| Emergency Invasive Airway Access | 545 | ||
| PREVENTION | 545 | ||
| 140 - Disorders of Water Homeostasis: Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia | 548 | ||
| Definition | 548 | ||
| Recognition | 548 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 549 | ||
| Implications | 550 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 550 | ||
| PREVENTION | 551 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 551 | ||
| Definition | 551 | ||
| Recognition | 551 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 551 | ||
| Implications | 551 | ||
| MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION | 552 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 552 | ||
| 141 - Embolic Events of Pregnancy | 553 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 553 | ||
| Definition | 553 | ||
| Recognition | 553 | ||
| Pulmonary Embolism | 553 | ||
| Amniotic Fluid Embolism | 553 | ||
| 6 - Pediatric Perioperative Events | 721 | ||
| 187 - Delayed Emergence in Pediatric Patients | 722 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 722 | ||
| Definition | 722 | ||
| Recognition | 722 | ||
| Evaluation of Patients | 722 | ||
| Drug Effects | 722 | ||
| Physiologic Imbalance or Disorders of Metabolism | 723 | ||
| Central Nervous System Injury or Disease | 723 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 723 | ||
| Implications | 723 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 724 | ||
| PREVENTION | 724 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 724 | ||
| 188 - Difficult Pediatric Airway | 725 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 725 | ||
| Definition | 725 | ||
| Recognition | 725 | ||
| Upper Airway | 725 | ||
| Lymphoid Tissue | 725 | ||
| Epiglottis | 725 | ||
| Larynx | 725 | ||
| Airflow | 725 | ||
| Respiratory Mechanics | 725 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 725 | ||
| Implications | 726 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 726 | ||
| Premedication | 726 | ||
| Induction | 726 | ||
| Airway Adjuncts | 726 | ||
| Supraglottic Devices | 726 | ||
| Bullard Laryngoscope | 727 | ||
| Videolaryngoscope (e.g., Glidescope) | 727 | ||
| Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscope | 727 | ||
| PREVENTION | 727 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 727 | ||
| 189 - Emergence Agitation and Emergence Delirium | 729 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 729 | ||
| Definition | 729 | ||
| Recognition | 729 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 729 | ||
| Developmental Factors | 729 | ||
| Preoperative Anxiety and Baseline Temperament | 729 | ||
| Preexisting Mental Disturbances | 729 | ||
| Inadequate Postoperative Analgesia | 729 | ||
| Underlying Medical Conditions | 729 | ||
| Anticholinergics | 729 | ||
| Anesthetic Agents | 730 | ||
| Implications | 730 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 730 | ||
| PREVENTION | 731 | ||
| 190 - Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia | 732 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 732 | ||
| Definition | 732 | ||
| Recognition | 732 | ||
| Hypoglycemia | 732 | ||
| Hyperglycemia | 732 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 732 | ||
| Implications | 733 | ||
| Hypoglycemia | 733 | ||
| Hyperglycemia | 733 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 733 | ||
| PREVENTION | 733 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 733 | ||
| 191 - Hypothermia in the Pediatric Patient | 734 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 734 | ||
| Definition | 734 | ||
| Implications | 734 | ||
| Recognition | 734 | ||
| Mechanisms of Heat Loss | 734 | ||
| Radiation | 734 | ||
| Convection | 734 | ||
| Conduction | 734 | ||
| Evaporation | 735 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 735 | ||
| Monitoring of Temperature During Anesthesia | 735 | ||
| Thermoregulatory Mechanisms | 735 | ||
| Anesthesia and Thermoregulatory Control | 735 | ||
| PREVENTION | 735 | ||
| 192 - Hypoxemia in the Pediatric Patient | 737 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 737 | ||
| Definition | 737 | ||
| Implications | 737 | ||
| Recognition | 737 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 737 | ||
| Anatomy | 739 | ||
| Physiology | 740 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 740 | ||
| PREVENTION | 740 | ||
| 193 - Intraoperative Cardiac Arrest: Pediatric | 741 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 741 | ||
| Definition | 741 | ||
| Recognition | 741 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 741 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 741 | ||
| Prearrest | 741 | ||
| Intraarrest | 742 | ||
| Postarrest | 742 | ||
| PREVENTION | 744 | ||
| 194 - Latex Allergy | 745 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 745 | ||
| Definition | 745 | ||
| Recognition | 745 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 746 | ||
| Implications | 746 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 746 | ||
| Investigation | 746 | ||
| PREVENTION | 746 | ||
| 195 - Malignant Hyperthermia | 748 | ||
| PROBLEM ANALYSIS | 748 | ||
| Definition | 748 | ||
| Recognition | 748 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 748 | ||
| Implications | 749 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 749 | ||
| PREVENTION | 750 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 750 | ||
| 196 - Ophthalmic Problems and Complications | 751 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 751 | ||
| Definition | 751 | ||
| Recognition | 751 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 751 | ||
| Implications | 751 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 751 | ||
| Index | 781 | ||
| A | 781 | ||
| B | 784 | ||
| C | 785 | ||
| D | 788 | ||
| E | 789 | ||
| F | 790 | ||
| G | 791 | ||
| H | 791 | ||
| I | 794 | ||
| J | 795 | ||
| K | 795 | ||
| L | 795 | ||
| M | 796 | ||
| N | 797 | ||
| O | 799 | ||
| P | 799 | ||
| Q | 803 | ||
| R | 803 | ||
| S | 804 | ||
| T | 806 | ||
| U | 807 | ||
| V | 808 | ||
| W | 809 | ||
| X | 809 | ||
| Y | 809 | ||
| Z | 809 |