BOOK
Dual Energy CT: Applications in Head and Neck and Neurologic Imaging, An Issue of Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, E-Book
Reza Forghani | Hillary R. Kelly
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Neuroimaging Clinics of North America focuses on Dual Energy CT: Applications in Neurologic, Head and Neck Imaging, and is edited by Drs. Reza Forghani and Hillary R. Kelly. Articles will include: Dual Energy CT: Physical Principles and Approaches to Scanning, Part 1; Dual Energy CT: Physical Principles and Approaches to Scanning, Part 2; Dual Energy CT Applications for Differentiation of Intracranial Hemorrhage, Calcium, and Iodine; Dual Energy CT Angiography of the Head and Neck and Related Applications; Miscellaneous and Emerging Applications of Dual Energy CT for the Evaluation of Intracranial Pathology; Applications of Dual Energy CT for the Evaluation of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Dual Energy CT Applications for the Evaluation of Cervical Lymphadenopathy; Miscellaneous and Emerging Applications of Dual Energy CT for the Evaluation of Pathologies in the Head and Neck; Dual Energy CT Applications for the Evaluation of the Spine; Applications of Dual Energy CT for Artifact Reduction in the Head, Neck, and Spine; Advanced Tissue Characterization and Texture Analysis using Dual Energy CT: Horizons and Emerging Applications; and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Dual Energy CT:Applications in Headand Neck andNeurologic Imaging\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| CME Accreditation Page | iii | ||
| PROGRAM OBJECTIVE | iii | ||
| TARGET AUDIENCE | iii | ||
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES | iii | ||
| ACCREDITATION | iii | ||
| DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST | iii | ||
| UNAPPROVED/OFF-LABEL USE DISCLOSURE | iii | ||
| TO ENROLL | iv | ||
| METHOD OF PARTICIPATION | iv | ||
| CME INQUIRIES/SPECIAL NEEDS | iv | ||
| NEUROIMAGING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA\r | v | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | v | ||
| November 2017 | v | ||
| February 2018 | v | ||
| May 2018 | v | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | v | ||
| May 2017 | v | ||
| February 2017 | v | ||
| November 2016 | v | ||
| Contributors | vii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | vii | ||
| EDITORS | vii | ||
| AUTHORS | vii | ||
| Contents | xi | ||
| Foreword: Dual-Energy Computed Tomography: Applications in Neurologic, Head, and Neck Imaging | xi | ||
| Preface: Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in Neuroradiology and Head and Neck Imaging: State-of-the-Art | xi | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomography: Physical Principles, Approaches to Scanning, Usage, and Implementation: Part 1 | xi | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomography: Physical Principles, Approaches to Scanning, Usage, and Implementation: Part 2 | xi | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomographic Applications for Differentiation of Intracranial Hemorrhage, Calcium, and Iodine | xi | ||
| Miscellaneous and Emerging Applications of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Intracranial Pathology | xii | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Angiography of the Head and Neck and Related Applications | xii | ||
| Applications of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | xii | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Applications for the Evaluation of Cervical Lymphadenopathy | xii | ||
| Miscellaneous and Emerging Applications of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Pathologies in the Head an ... | xiii | ||
| Dual Energy Computed Tomography Applications for the Evaluation of the Spine | xiii | ||
| Applications of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography for Artifact Reduction in the Head, Neck, and Spine | xiii | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomography of the Neck: A Pictorial Review of Normal Anatomy, Variants, and Pathologic Entities Using ... | xiii | ||
| Routine Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Scanning of the Neck in Clinical Practice: A Single-Institution Experience | xiv | ||
| Advanced Tissue Characterization and Texture Analysis Using Dual-Energy Computed Tomography: Horizons and Emerging Applications | xiv | ||
| Foreword:\rDual-Energy Computed Tomography: Applications in Neurologic, Head, and Neck Imaging | xv | ||
| Preface:\rDual-Energy Computed Tomography in Neuroradiology and Head and Neck Imaging: State-of-the-Art | xvii | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomography | 371 | ||
| Key points | 371 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 371 | ||
| FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF SPECTRAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC SCANNING AND MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION | 372 | ||
| Overview | 372 | ||
| Fundamentals of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Scanning: Factors Related to the Scanner | 372 | ||
| Fundamentals of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Scanning: Factors Related to the Materials or Tissues Being Evaluated | 373 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF CURRENT AND EMERGING DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS | 375 | ||
| Dual-Source Dual-Energy Computed Tomography | 375 | ||
| Single-Source Dual-Energy Computed Tomography with Rapid kVp Switching: Gemstone Spectral Imaging | 376 | ||
| Layered Detector Dual-Energy Computed Tomography | 377 | ||
| Single-Source Dual-Energy Computed Tomography with Beam Filtration at the Source: TwinBeam Dual-Energy Computed Tomography | 378 | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomographic Scanning Using Sequential Acquisitions | 378 | ||
| Emerging Spectral Computed Tomographic Systems | 380 | ||
| SUMMARY | 383 | ||
| REFERENCES | 383 | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomography | 385 | ||
| Key points | 385 | ||
| DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMPLEMENTATION AND USAGE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS | 385 | ||
| Different Modes of Acquisition with Current Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Scanners and Implications | 385 | ||
| Radiation Dose and Image Quality | 386 | ||
| Temporal Resolution | 388 | ||
| Standard and Advanced Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Reconstructions and Basis Material Decomposition | 388 | ||
| Virtual monochromatic images | 388 | ||
| Weighted average images | 391 | ||
| Basis material decomposition, labeling, and maps | 391 | ||
| Basis material decomposition | 391 | ||
| Multimaterial decomposition and material labeling | 393 | ||
| Virtual unenhanced or virtual noncontrast images and iodine maps | 394 | ||
| Workflow and Other Practical Considerations | 397 | ||
| SUMMARY | 398 | ||
| REFERENCES | 399 | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomographic Applications for Differentiation of Intracranial Hemorrhage, Calcium, and Iodine | 401 | ||
| Key points | 401 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 401 | ||
| MATERIAL DECOMPOSITION PRINCIPLES | 401 | ||
| DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGE POSTPROCESSING | 402 | ||
| DIFFERENTIATION OF HEMORRHAGE AND CALCIFICATION | 402 | ||
| PITFALLS OF MATERIAL DECOMPOSITION IN THE PRESENCE OF ARTIFACT | 405 | ||
| DIFFERENTIATION OF IODINE AND HEMORRHAGE | 405 | ||
| SUMMARY | 407 | ||
| REFERENCES | 409 | ||
| Miscellaneous and Emerging Applications of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Intracranial Pathology | 411 | ||
| Key points | 411 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 411 | ||
| TECHNICAL CONSIDERATION FOR DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY | 412 | ||
| VIRTUAL MONOCHROMATIC IMAGING | 412 | ||
| Optimal Virtual Monochromatic Imaging Energy Level for Noncontrast Brain Imaging | 412 | ||
| Optimal Virtual Monochromatic Imaging Energy Level for Contrast-Enhanced Brain Imaging (Best Contrast-to-Noise Ratio) | 414 | ||
| Artifact Reduction | 416 | ||
| MATERIAL SEPARATION USING DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY | 417 | ||
| Differentiation Between Iodine-Enhanced Tumor and Calcification | 417 | ||
| Bone Removal or Bone Subtraction Imaging | 420 | ||
| Iodine Distribution Map | 420 | ||
| Imaging Assessment of Tumor Extent into the Bone Marrow Space | 422 | ||
| EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY: FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS AND CHALLENGES | 424 | ||
| SUMMARY | 425 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 425 | ||
| REFERENCES | 426 | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Angiography of the Head and Neck and Related Applications | 429 | ||
| Key points | 429 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 429 | ||
| FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ACQUISITION, MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION, AND POSTPROCESSING | 430 | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Acquisition and Material Characterization | 430 | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Postprocessing | 430 | ||
| Calculation of effective atomic number | 430 | ||
| Material decomposition | 431 | ||
| Virtual monochromatic image reconstruction | 431 | ||
| DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY BONE AND CALCIUM REMOVAL FOR NEUROVASCULAR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY | 431 | ||
| Aneurysm Detection and Morphologic Visualization | 432 | ||
| Evaluation of Atherosclerotic Arterial Stenosis | 433 | ||
| Computed Tomography Venography | 433 | ||
| CLINICAL USE OF VIRTUAL MONOCHROMATIC IMAGES | 434 | ||
| Accentuation of Iodine Contrast Enhancement | 434 | ||
| Metal Artifact Reduction | 435 | ||
| ICA–PLAQUE EVALUATION: CA++ PLAQUE REMOVAL, IMPROVING RESIDUAL LUMINAL MEASUREMENT ACCURACY, AND REDUCING BLOOMING FROM CON ... | 436 | ||
| ROLE OF VIRTUAL NONCONTRAST IMAGING IN INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE | 436 | ||
| Hemorrhage versus Leaked Iodine | 436 | ||
| Intracranial Hemorrhage: Detection of Spot Sign or Underlying Lesion | 437 | ||
| Opportunity for Radiation Dose Reduction: Reality? | 439 | ||
| LIMITATIONS | 439 | ||
| SUMMARY | 440 | ||
| REFERENCES | 440 | ||
| Applications of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 445 | ||
| Key points | 445 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 445 | ||
| BASIC PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION | 446 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY RECONSTRUCTIONS AND OPTIMAL RECONSTRUCTIONS FOR ROUTINE EVALUATION OF THE NECK | 446 | ||
| Virtual Monochromatic Images | 447 | ||
| Weighted Average Images | 447 | ||
| Material Decomposition Maps | 448 | ||
| DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY APPLICATIONS FOR THE EVALUATION OF HEAD AND NECK SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA | 448 | ||
| Tumor Visibility and Soft Tissue Contrast | 449 | ||
| Evaluation of Thyroid Cartilage and Cartilage Invasion | 452 | ||
| Other Potential and Emerging Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Applications for the Evaluation of Head and Neck Squamous Cell ... | 453 | ||
| Multiparametric Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Approach for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Evaluation | 456 | ||
| SUMMARY | 457 | ||
| REFERENCES | 457 | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Applications for the Evaluation of Cervical Lymphadenopathy | 461 | ||
| Key points | 461 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 461 | ||
| CONVENTIONAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING OF CERVICAL LYMPH NODES | 462 | ||
| DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANNING OF CERVICAL LYMPH NODES | 462 | ||
| Virtual Noncontrast Images | 462 | ||
| Blended Images | 463 | ||
| Virtual Monochromatic Images | 463 | ||
| Iodine Map and Iodine Quantification | 463 | ||
| Spectral Hounsfield Unit Attenuation Curves | 466 | ||
| SUMMARY | 467 | ||
| REFERENCES | 467 | ||
| Miscellaneous and Emerging Applications of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Pathologies in the Head an ... | 469 | ||
| Key points | 469 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 469 | ||
| BASIC PRINCIPLES OF DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY | 469 | ||
| DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY POSTPROCESSING | 471 | ||
| Linear Blending | 471 | ||
| Nonlinear Blending | 471 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS AND EMERGING DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY CLINICAL APPLICATIONS | 472 | ||
| Material-Specific Applications | 472 | ||
| Oncologic applications | 472 | ||
| Vascular | 473 | ||
| Skeletal | 475 | ||
| Virtual unenhanced imaging | 476 | ||
| Energy-specific Applications | 476 | ||
| Virtual monoenergetic image | 476 | ||
| Virtual monoenergetic image | 477 | ||
| Oncologic | 477 | ||
| Vascular | 478 | ||
| Artifact reduction | 478 | ||
| SUMMARY | 479 | ||
| REFERENCES | 480 | ||
| Dual Energy Computed Tomography Applications for the Evaluation of the Spine | 483 | ||
| Key points | 483 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 483 | ||
| BONE MINERAL DENSITY IMAGING | 483 | ||
| BONE MARROW IMAGING | 484 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE SPINE | 484 | ||
| URATE DEPOSITION IMAGING | 485 | ||
| SUMMARY | 486 | ||
| REFERENCES | 486 | ||
| Applications of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography for Artifact Reduction in the Head, Neck, and Spine | 489 | ||
| Key points | 489 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 489 | ||
| PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES FOR ARTIFACT REDUCTION | 490 | ||
| Virtual Monochromatic Series | 490 | ||
| Material Decomposition | 490 | ||
| ARTIFACT-REDUCTION STRATEGIES | 490 | ||
| BEAM HARDENING | 491 | ||
| Posterior Fossa | 491 | ||
| Aneurysm Coils and Clips | 491 | ||
| Dental Amalgam/Implants | 492 | ||
| Spine Hardware | 492 | ||
| Dense Iodinated Contrast and Osseous Structures | 493 | ||
| SUMMARY | 496 | ||
| REFERENCES | 496 | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomography of the Neck | 499 | ||
| Key points | 499 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 499 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF DIFFERENT DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY RECONSTRUCTIONS | 500 | ||
| NORMAL HEAD AND NECK ANATOMY ON DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY | 501 | ||
| HEAD AND NECK LESIONS AND VARIANTS ON DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY | 505 | ||
| Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases | 505 | ||
| Benign Neck Lesions and Variants | 505 | ||
| Parathyroid adenoma | 505 | ||
| Vallecular cyst | 505 | ||
| Ranula | 505 | ||
| Thyroglossal duct cyst | 507 | ||
| Thornwaldt cyst | 507 | ||
| Laryngocele | 507 | ||
| Branchial cleft cyst | 508 | ||
| Lipoma | 508 | ||
| Herniation of the sublingual gland through a mylohyoid boutonnière | 509 | ||
| Salivary Gland Tumors | 510 | ||
| Thyroid Carcinoma | 511 | ||
| Lymphoma | 511 | ||
| Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 513 | ||
| Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Post-treatment Changes | 518 | ||
| Perineural Spread of Tumor | 518 | ||
| ARTIFACT REDUCTION | 519 | ||
| SUMMARY | 520 | ||
| REFERENCES | 520 | ||
| Routine Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Scanning of the Neck in Clinical Practice | 523 | ||
| Key points | 523 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 523 | ||
| PROSPECTIVE SCAN ACQUISITION IN DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY MODE | 524 | ||
| DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCAN SELECTION ALGORITHMS | 524 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNOLOGIST WORKFLOW | 525 | ||
| Initial Scan Organization and Scheduling | 525 | ||
| Computed Tomography Technologist Training and Engagement | 526 | ||
| Preset Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Protocols, Generation of Different Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Reconstructions, ... | 526 | ||
| Overview of Scan Acquisition and Processing Times for Neck Computed Tomography Scans | 527 | ||
| Spectral Image Datasets | 527 | ||
| DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCAN INTERPRETATION: RADIOLOGIST WORKFLOW | 528 | ||
| Automatically Generated Advanced Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Reconstructions and Tailored Evaluation Using Advanced Dua ... | 528 | ||
| Advanced Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Postprocessing Software | 530 | ||
| Overview of the Use of Specialized Low-Energy Neck Reconstructions Available Through the Picture Archiving and Communicatio ... | 530 | ||
| SUMMARY | 530 | ||
| REFERENCES | 531 | ||
| Advanced Tissue Characterization and Texture Analysis Using Dual-Energy Computed Tomography | 533 | ||
| Key points | 533 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 533 | ||
| BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION IN DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANNING | 534 | ||
| DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY POSTPROCESSING: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS AND DIFFERENT DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY RECONST ... | 535 | ||
| Spectral Hounsfield Unit Attenuation Curves and Virtual Monochromatic Images | 536 | ||
| Basis Material Decomposition Maps and Material Labeling | 536 | ||
| OTHER DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANALYTICAL TOOLS OR RECONSTRUCTIONS | 541 | ||
| ADVANCED QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES FOR THE EVALUATION OF SPECTRAL DATA | 542 | ||
| TEXTURE OR RADIOMIC ANALYSIS USING SPECTRAL DATA | 542 | ||
| Preparation of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Data for Texture Analysis | 543 | ||
| Mathematical Texture Data Analysis and Application of Machine Learning Methods for Generation of Prediction Models | 543 | ||
| SUMMARY | 544 | ||
| REFERENCES | 545 |