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Hematologic Issues in Critical Care, An Issue of Critical Nursing Clinics, E-Book

Hematologic Issues in Critical Care, An Issue of Critical Nursing Clinics, E-Book

Patricia O’Malley

(2017)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

Dr. O'Malley is a well-known nurse researcer in the area of Hemaotology, and she has assembled top experts to write about the most important hemtaologic issues in critical care. The issue has articles devoted to the following topics: Cord blood banking; Leukemia and Lymphomas; Sickle Cell; Anticoagulants; Aplastic anemia & MDS; Hereditary Hemochromatosis and Pernicious Anemia; Hemophilia; Blood book: cells, products, transfusion; Anemia; Multiple Myeloma; DIC; and The lived experience of anemia without a cause. Nurses will come away with the clinical information they need to improve patient outcomes in the critical care setting.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Hematologic Issues in Critical Care\r i
Copyright\r ii
Contributors iii
CONSULTING EDITOR iii
EDITOR iii
AUTHORS iii
Contents v
Preface v
Adverse Reactions to Transfusion of Blood Products and Best Practices for Prevention\r v
Alternative to Blood Replacement in the Critically Ill\r v
The Risks Associated with Red Blood Cell Transfusion: Implications for Critical Care Practice v
Collaborative Strategies for Management of Obstetric Hemorrhage vi
Balance Between the Proinflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Immune Responses with Blood Transfusion in Sepsis vi
Nursing Care of Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients and Families in the Intensive Care Unit: An Evidence-base ... vi
Coagulopathy In and Outside the Intensive Care Unit vi
Hidden Anemias in the Critically Ill vi
Use of High-Fidelity Simulation to Increase Knowledge and Skills in Caring for Patients Receiving Blood Products vii
Resources for Hematology On and Off the Web vii
The Lived Experience of Anemia Without a Cause vii
CRITICAL CARE NURSING\rCLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA\r viii
FORTHCOMING ISSUES viii
December 2017 viii
March 2018 viii
June 2018 viii
RECENT ISSUES viii
June 2017 viii
March 2017 viii
December 2016 viii
Preface ix
Adverse Reactions to Transfusion of Blood Products and Best Practices for Prevention 271
Key points 271
INTRODUCTION 271
HISTORICAL CONTEXT 272
ADVERSE REACTIONS TO TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD PRODUCTS 272
Acute Reactions 272
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction 274
Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction 275
Allergic and anaphylactic transfusion reactions 275
Transfusion-related acute lung injury 275
Transfusion-transmitted infections 276
Transfusion-associated circulatory overload 276
Delayed Reactions 276
Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction 276
Posttransfusion purpura 278
Transfusion-related immunomodulation 278
Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease 278
BEST PRACTICES TO PREVENT OR MANAGE ADVERSE REACTIONS TO TRANSFUSION 278
Leukoreduction and Irradiation Before Transfusion 278
Storage Age of Blood Products Before Transfusion 279
Premedication Before Transfusion 280
Restrictive Transfusion Practices 281
Donor and Blood Screening Procedures 281
Cell Salvage or Autotransfusion 284
Reduction of Iatrogenic Anemia 285
SUMMARY 285
REFERENCES 285
Alternative to Blood Replacement in the Critically Ill 291
Key points 291
INTRODUCTION 291
IATROGENIC ANEMIA 292
FLUID MANAGEMENT 294
PHARMACEUTICALS 295
HEMOSTATIC AGENTS 297
MANUFACTURED BLOOD 298
WHEN BLOOD IS NOT AN OPTION 299
SUMMARY 301
REFERENCES 302
The Risks Associated with Red Blood Cell Transfusion 305
Key points 305
INTRODUCTION 305
METHOD 306
Study Design 306
Search Criteria 306
Study Selection 307
Data extraction and assessment of risk of bias 308
Presentation of Eligible Articles 308
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS 308
RESULTS 308
DISCUSSION 312
Strengths and Limitations of the Systematic Review 313
REFERENCES 314
Collaborative Strategies for Management of Obstetric Hemorrhage 315
Key points 315
CAUSES OF OBSTETRIC HEMORRHAGE 316
HEMOSTATIC/HEMATOLOGIC ADAPTATIONS OF PREGNANCY 316
OBSTETRIC HEMORRHAGE AND HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK 318
COMMON CARE ISSUES 318
GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF OBSTETRIC HEMORRHAGE 318
Physical Assessments 319
Critical Care 319
Goal 319
Quantitative assessment of blood loss 321
Manipulation and medication 321
Uterine balloon tamponade 321
Antishock garments 322
Interventional radiology 322
Surgical management 323
Intraoperative cell salvage 323
Acute normovolemic reinfusion 323
Goal 324
Oxygenation 324
Volume replacement 324
Blood component therapy 324
Massive transfusion protocol 325
Other considerations 325
Goal 326
Coagulopathies 326
Complications 327
CONSIDERATIONS FOR OPTIMIZING CARE 327
Preparation 327
Communication 328
A Family-Centered Approach 328
SUMMARY 328
REFERENCES 328
Balance Between the Proinflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Immune Responses with Blood Transfusion in Sepsis 331
Key points 331
INTRODUCTION 331
Immunomodulation from Blood Transfusion 332
Leukocytes 332
Nonpolar lipids and lysophosphatidylcholines 333
Erythrocytes 333
Microparticles 334
Host Immune Response in Sepsis 335
Blood Transfusion in Sepsis 335
Transfusion goals 335
Patient mortality 335
Effect on immune mediators 336
Infection 336
SUMMARY 336
REFERENCES 337
Nursing Care of Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients and Families in the Intensive Care Unit 341
Key points 341
LITERATURE SEARCH 342
ADMISSION TO INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 343
Criteria for Admission 343
Average Stay in Intensive Care Unit 343
Morbidity 343
Mortality 344
INTERVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS 344
STAFF INTERVENTIONS 344
Education 344
Specific Care 346
Communication 347
Support 347
PATIENT INTERVENTIONS 347
Education and Specific Care 348
Communication 348
Support 348
FAMILY INTERVENTIONS 348
Specific Care 348
Education 349
Communication 349
Support 349
SUMMARY 350
REFERENCES 350
Coagulopathy In and Outside the Intensive Care Unit 353
Key points 353
INTRODUCTION 353
COAGULOPATHY OF CRITICAL ILLNESS 353
Sepsis 353
Trauma 354
Obstetric Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 355
Hepatic Insufficiency 355
Cardiopulmonary Bypass 355
MEDICATION-INDUCED COAGULOPATHY 355
CONGENITAL COAGULOPATHY 355
DIAGNOSIS/TECHNIQUES 356
Plasma-Based Coagulation Assays 356
Viscoelastic Hemostatic Assays 356
PROGNOSIS/CLINICAL MANAGEMENT: BLOOD PRODUCTS 356
REVERSAL AGENTS 357
Antiplatelet Drugs 357
Heparin and Heparinoids 357
Warfarin 357
Novel Oral Anticoagulants 357
CONTROVERSIES 358
Point-of-Care Testing 358
Tranexamic Acid 358
Single-Factor Therapy 358
Massive Transfusion Protocols 358
SUMMARY 359
REFERENCES 359
Hidden Anemias in the Critically Ill 363
Key points 363
TREATMENT WITHOUT TRANSFUSION 364
EMERGING EVIDENCE—MIXED RESULTS 366
The Future 367
REFERENCES 367
Use of High-Fidelity Simulation to Increase Knowledge and Skills in Caring for Patients Receiving Blood Products 369
Key points 369
INTRODUCTION 369
BACKGROUND 369
History of Simulation 369
USE OF SIMULATION FOR BLOOD TRANSFUSION MANAGEMENT COMPETENCY 371
Simulation Standards for Best Practice: Simulation 371
SUMMARY 374
REFERENCES 374
Resources for Hematology On and Off the Web 377
Key points 377
INTRODUCTION 377
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 378
GRADING SCALES 379
PROFESSIONAL HEMATOLOGY RESOURCES 379
DATABASES 379
ORGANIZATIONS 380
JOURNALS 381
BOOKS 383
CONSUMER HEALTH HEMATOLOGY RESOURCES 384
SUMMARY 385
REFERENCES 386
The Lived Experience of Anemia Without a Cause 389
Key points 389
AUTHOR’S NOTE TO THE READER 389
DECEMBER 390