BOOK
Progress in Endoscopic Ultrasonography, An Issue of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics, E-Book
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Dr. Gress has assembled top experts to discuss the latest advances of using endoscopic ultrasound for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The issue has review articles devoted to the following topics: EUS Elastography; Contrast-Enhanced EUS; New developments in EUS- FNA Tissue Acquisition; EUS FNA: Cytologic and histologic using new techniques for interpretation; New EUS Techniques for diagnosing pancreatic neoplasms; EUS for diagnosing and treating pancreatic cysts; The role of EUS in the diagnosis of Autoimmune Pancreatitis; Therapeutic EUS for cancer treatment; and EUS-guided techniques in biliary drainage, pancreatic drainage, necrosectomy, pelvic fluid collections, hemostasis techniques, and gastrojejunostomy. The issue ends with articles that look at training issues and the future of EUS. Readers should leave with the clinical information they need to embrace the latest advances of endoscopic ultrasonography.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Progress in EndoscopicUltrasonography | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Foreword: Endoscopic Ultrasound Becomes a Major Interventional Tool | vii | ||
| Preface: Progress in Endoscopic Ultrasonography | vii | ||
| The Early History of Interventional Endoscopic Ultrasound | vii | ||
| New Imaging Techniques: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Elastography | vii | ||
| New Imaging Techniques for Endoscopic Ultrasonography: Contrast-Enhanced Endoscopic Ultrasonography | vii | ||
| New Developments in Endoscopic Ultrasound Tissue Acquisition | viii | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasonography with Fine-needle Aspiration: New Techniques for Interpretation of Endoscopic Ultrasonography Cyt ... | viii | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasound Imaging for Diagnosing and Treating Pancreatic Cysts | viii | ||
| The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Pancreatitis | viii | ||
| Recent Advances in Therapeutic Endosonography for Cancer Treatment | ix | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Guided Techniques for Accessing and Draining the Biliary System and the Pancreatic Duct | ix | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Gastrojejunostomy | ix | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasonography–guided Drainage of Pancreatic Collections, Including the Role of Necrosectomy | x | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage of Pelvic Fluid Collections | x | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasonography–Guided Hemostasis Techniques | x | ||
| Progress in Endoscopic Ultrasonography: Training in Therapeutic or Interventional Endoscopic Ultrasonography | x | ||
| Future Directions for Endoscopic Ultrasound: Where Are We Heading? | xi | ||
| GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY CLINICS\rOF NORTH AMERICA\r | xii | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xii | ||
| January 2018 | xii | ||
| April 2018 | xii | ||
| July 2018 | xii | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xii | ||
| July 2017 | xii | ||
| April 2017 | xii | ||
| January 2017 | xii | ||
| Foreword: Endoscopic Ultrasound Becomes a Major Interventional Tool\r | xiii | ||
| Preface:\rProgress in Endoscopic Ultrasonography | xv | ||
| The Early History of Interventional Endoscopic Ultrasound | 547 | ||
| Key points | 547 | ||
| REFERENCES | 549 | ||
| New Imaging Techniques | 551 | ||
| Key points | 551 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 551 | ||
| TECHNIQUE | 552 | ||
| Preparation | 552 | ||
| Approach and Theory | 552 | ||
| Technique or Procedure | 552 | ||
| Qualitative elastography | 553 | ||
| Quantitative elastography | 554 | ||
| INDICATIONS OR CONTRAINDICATIONS | 555 | ||
| Pancreatic Diseases | 555 | ||
| Differential diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions | 556 | ||
| Chronic pancreatitis | 558 | ||
| Lymph Node Evaluation | 558 | ||
| Transrectal Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Elastography | 561 | ||
| Subepithelial Masses | 561 | ||
| Liver | 562 | ||
| Adrenal Glands | 562 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT | 562 | ||
| CURRENT CONTROVERSIES | 563 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 563 | ||
| SUMMARY | 563 | ||
| REFERENCES | 564 | ||
| New Imaging Techniques for Endoscopic Ultrasonography | 569 | ||
| Key points | 569 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 569 | ||
| HISTORY OF CONTRAST-ENHANCED ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY | 570 | ||
| CONTRAST AGENTS | 570 | ||
| CATEGORIES OF CONTRAST-ENHANCED ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY | 571 | ||
| Contrast-Enhanced Color and Power Doppler Endoscopic Ultrasonography | 571 | ||
| Contrast-Enhanced Harmonic Endoscopic Ultrasonography | 571 | ||
| Critical points to perform CH-EUS | 571 | ||
| SOLID PANCREATIC LESIONS | 572 | ||
| Characterization | 572 | ||
| Tumor Staging | 574 | ||
| Node Staging | 575 | ||
| PREDICTING CHEMOTHERAPY RESPONSE | 575 | ||
| CYSTIC PANCREATIC LESIONS | 577 | ||
| BILIARY TRACT DISEASE | 577 | ||
| GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT | 577 | ||
| SUMMARY | 581 | ||
| REFERENCES | 581 | ||
| New Developments in Endoscopic Ultrasound Tissue Acquisition | 585 | ||
| Key points | 585 | ||
| CONSIDERATIONS FOR ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND–GUIDED TISSUE ACQUISITION | 586 | ||
| FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION NEEDLE SIZE: SMALL VERSUS LARGE | 587 | ||
| FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION NEEDLES AND TISSUE HISTOLOGY | 588 | ||
| HISTOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF AUTOIMMUNE PANCREATITIS | 588 | ||
| FINE-NEEDLE BIOPSY NEEDLES | 588 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND FINE-NEEDLE BIOPSY | 588 | ||
| Diagnostic Yield and Ability to Obtain Tissue Histology | 588 | ||
| Number of Needle Passes | 589 | ||
| Optimal Fine-Needle Aspiration and Fine-Needle Biopsy Technique | 589 | ||
| Rapid On-Site Evaluation and Fine-Needle Biopsy Needles | 590 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION VERSUS FINE-NEEDLE BIOPSY | 590 | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Fine Needle Vein Puncture | 591 | ||
| Through-the-Needle Imaging and Forceps | 591 | ||
| REFERENCES | 593 | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasonography with Fine-needle Aspiration | 601 | ||
| Key points | 601 | ||
| INTRODUCTION: BRIEF OVERVIEW OF TISSUE ACQUISITION BY ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY | 602 | ||
| TARGETED TISSUE ACQUISITION | 602 | ||
| TRIAGE OF FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION SAMPLES FOR HISTOCYTOLOGIC EVALUATION | 603 | ||
| SPECIMEN PROCESSING | 603 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC ANCILLARY TESTING | 605 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 605 | ||
| Flow Cytometry | 605 | ||
| PROGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MARKERS IN PANCREATIC CANCER | 607 | ||
| FINE-NEEDLE CORE BIOPSIES | 609 | ||
| SUMMARY | 610 | ||
| REFERENCES | 610 | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasound Imaging for Diagnosing and Treating Pancreatic Cysts | 615 | ||
| Key points | 615 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 615 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS OF CYSTIC LESIONS OF THE PANCREAS | 616 | ||
| Mucinous Cystic Pancreatic Tumors | 616 | ||
| Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms | 616 | ||
| Histopathologic features | 616 | ||
| Clinical characteristics | 616 | ||
| Radiologic and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration features | 618 | ||
| CYST FLUID EVALUATION | 618 | ||
| Cytology and Tumor Markers | 618 | ||
| MUCINOUS CYSTIC NEOPLASMS | 623 | ||
| Histopathologic Features | 623 | ||
| Clinical Characteristics | 623 | ||
| Radiologic and Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Findings | 623 | ||
| NONMUCINOUS CYSTIC LESIONS OF THE PANCREAS | 624 | ||
| SEROUS CYSTADENOMAS | 624 | ||
| Histopathologic Features | 624 | ||
| Clinical Characteristics | 625 | ||
| Radiologic and Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Characteristics | 625 | ||
| CYSTIC PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS | 626 | ||
| Histopathologic Features | 626 | ||
| Clinical Characteristics | 626 | ||
| Radiologic and Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Characteristics | 626 | ||
| SOLID PSEUDOPAPILLARY TUMORS OF THE PANCREAS | 627 | ||
| Histopathology and Clinical Features | 627 | ||
| Radiologic and Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Characteristics | 627 | ||
| OTHER CYSTIC LESIONS OF THE PANCREAS | 628 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF PANCREATIC CYSTS | 629 | ||
| Surgery | 629 | ||
| Expectant Management and Imaging Surveillance | 630 | ||
| Minimally Invasive Management | 631 | ||
| SUMMARY | 632 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 633 | ||
| REFERENCES | 633 | ||
| The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Pancreatitis | 643 | ||
| Key points | 643 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 643 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF AUTOIMMUNE PANCREATITIS | 644 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF AUTOIMMUNE PANCREATITIS | 644 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS OF AUTOIMMUNE PANCREATITIS | 645 | ||
| Diagnosis of Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis | 645 | ||
| Diagnosis of Type 2 Autoimmune Pancreatitis | 645 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND IMAGING FEATURES OF AUTOIMMUNE PANCREATITIS | 647 | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasound Imaging of the Pancreas | 647 | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasound Imaging of Other Organs in Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis | 648 | ||
| Image-Enhancing Techniques in Endoscopic Ultrasound | 650 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND-GUIDED TISSUE ACQUISITION | 651 | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasound Fine Needle Aspiration | 651 | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasound Tru-Cut Biopsy | 651 | ||
| Other Endoscopic Ultrasound Fine Needle Biopsy | 652 | ||
| SUMMARY | 652 | ||
| REFERENCES | 653 | ||
| Recent Advances in Therapeutic Endosonography for Cancer Treatment | 657 | ||
| Key points | 657 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 657 | ||
| ENDOSONOGRAPHY-GUIDED FIDUCIAL MARKER PLACEMENT AND BRACHYTHERAPY | 658 | ||
| Endosonography-Guided Fiducial Marker Placement | 658 | ||
| Endosonography-Guided Brachytherapy | 659 | ||
| ENDOSONOGRAPHY-GUIDED TUMOR ABLATION | 660 | ||
| Endosonography-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation | 660 | ||
| Endosonography-Guided Photodynamic Therapy | 660 | ||
| Endosonography-Guided Laser Therapy | 664 | ||
| Endosonography-Guided Alcohol Ablation | 664 | ||
| ENDOSONOGRAPHY-GUIDED ANTITUMOR INJECTIONS | 664 | ||
| Immunotherapy | 664 | ||
| Gene Therapy | 669 | ||
| Chemotherapy | 670 | ||
| ENDOSONOGRAPHY-GUIDED CELIAC PLEXUS NEUROLYSIS | 670 | ||
| Rationale | 671 | ||
| Technique | 671 | ||
| New Techniques and Variations | 672 | ||
| Adverse Events | 673 | ||
| Effectiveness | 673 | ||
| SUMMARY | 676 | ||
| REFERENCES | 676 | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Guided Techniques for Accessing and Draining the Biliary System and the Pancreatic Duct | 681 | ||
| Key points | 681 | ||
| INTRODUCTION: NATURE OF THE PROBLEM | 682 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY-GUIDED BILIARY DRAINAGE | 682 | ||
| Indications | 682 | ||
| Techniques for Drainage | 682 | ||
| Intrahepatic approach | 683 | ||
| Extrahepatic approach | 683 | ||
| Gallbladder approach | 683 | ||
| Steps to Perform Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Guided Biliary Drainage | 683 | ||
| Puncture of the duct | 684 | ||
| Guidewire insertion and manipulation | 684 | ||
| Exchange of the echoendoscope (for rendezvous cases only) | 684 | ||
| Creation of a fistulous tract (not needed for rendezvous cases) | 684 | ||
| Stent placement (not needed for rendezvous cases) | 686 | ||
| Outcomes | 686 | ||
| Adverse Events | 689 | ||
| Comparison with Percutaneous Drainage, Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography or Surgery | 692 | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Guided Biliary Drainage as a Primary Treatment of Distal Common Bile Duct Obstruction | 692 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY-GUIDED PANCREATIC DUCT ACCESS AND DRAINAGE | 693 | ||
| Indications | 693 | ||
| Techniques for Drainage | 693 | ||
| Steps to Perform Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Guided Pancreatic Duct Drainage | 694 | ||
| Needle puncture | 694 | ||
| Guidewire insertion and manipulation | 694 | ||
| Exchange of the echoendoscope with a duodenoscope (for rendezvous cases only) | 694 | ||
| Creation and dilation of the pancreatic-enteric fistulous tract (not needed for rendezvous cases) | 695 | ||
| Placement of a transpapillary or transmural stent (not needed for rendezvous cases) | 695 | ||
| Outcomes | 696 | ||
| Adverse Events | 699 | ||
| CONTROVERSIES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 699 | ||
| SUMMARY | 700 | ||
| REFERENCES | 700 | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Gastrojejunostomy | 707 | ||
| Key points | 707 | ||
| INTRODUCTION: NATURE OF THE PROBLEM | 707 | ||
| INDICATIONS/CONTRAINDICATIONS | 708 | ||
| TECHNIQUE/PROCEDURE | 708 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT | 710 | ||
| PERIPROCEDURAL CARE | 710 | ||
| OUTCOMES | 710 | ||
| CURRENT CONTROVERSIES/FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 712 | ||
| SUMMARY | 712 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 713 | ||
| REFERENCES | 713 | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasonography–guided Drainage of Pancreatic Collections, Including the Role of Necrosectomy | 715 | ||
| Key points | 715 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 715 | ||
| Indications and Timing of Intervention | 716 | ||
| Procedural Technique | 717 | ||
| Outcomes | 722 | ||
| ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT STRATEGIES | 722 | ||
| STRATEGIES ASSOCIATED WITH ENDOSCOPIC INTERVENTION OF PANCREATIC COLLECTIONS | 723 | ||
| REFERENCES | 724 | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage of Pelvic Fluid Collections | 727 | ||
| Key points | 727 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 727 | ||
| INDICATIONS AND PREPROCEDURE CONSIDERATIONS | 728 | ||
| Location | 728 | ||
| Size | 728 | ||
| Loculation | 728 | ||
| Maturity | 728 | ||
| Etiology | 729 | ||
| Mucosal Disruption | 729 | ||
| Ascites | 729 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION | 729 | ||
| EQUIPMENT | 730 | ||
| TECHNIQUE | 730 | ||
| Needle Aspiration and Wire-Guided Access | 731 | ||
| Inspection | 731 | ||
| Puncture | 731 | ||
| Wire access | 731 | ||
| Stenting | 731 | ||
| Integrated Systems | 732 | ||
| Lumen-Apposing Stents | 732 | ||
| TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS | 732 | ||
| Aspiration Alone? | 732 | ||
| Is Fluoroscopy Necessary? | 733 | ||
| Transcolonic Versus Transrectal Drainage? | 733 | ||
| POSTPROCEDURE CARE | 733 | ||
| OUTCOMES | 736 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 737 | ||
| SUMMARY | 737 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 737 | ||
| REFERENCES | 737 | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasonography–Guided Hemostasis Techniques | 741 | ||
| Key points | 741 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 741 | ||
| ESOPHAGEAL VARICES | 742 | ||
| GASTRIC VARICES | 742 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY–GUIDED COIL DELIVERY | 743 | ||
| RECTAL BLEEDING | 743 | ||
| NONVARICEAL BLEEDING | 745 | ||
| SUMMARY | 745 | ||
| REFERENCES | 745 | ||
| Progress in Endoscopic Ultrasonography | 749 | ||
| Key points | 749 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 749 | ||
| Requirements for Training in Therapeutic Endoscopic Ultrasound | 750 | ||
| Training in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography | 751 | ||
| Training in Endoscopic Ultrasound | 752 | ||
| Training in Therapeutic and Interventional Endoscopic Ultrasound | 754 | ||
| SUMMARY | 756 | ||
| REFERENCES | 756 | ||
| Future Directions for Endoscopic Ultrasound | 759 | ||
| Key points | 759 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND | 759 | ||
| Tissue Harmonic Echo | 760 | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasound–Elastography | 760 | ||
| Contrast-Enhanced Harmonic Endoscopic Ultrasound | 761 | ||
| Confocal Endomicroscopy | 763 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND | 764 | ||
| Forward-Viewing Linear Echoendoscope | 765 | ||
| Lumen Apposing Metal Stents | 765 | ||
| Axios stent | 765 | ||
| Spaxus stent | 765 | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Drainage and Indications for Lumen Apposing Metal Stents | 765 | ||
| Pancreatic fluid collections | 765 | ||
| Endoscopic ultrasound–guided gallbladder drainage | 766 | ||
| Endoscopic ultrasound–guided gastrojejunostomy | 766 | ||
| Endoscopic ultrasound–directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | 766 | ||
| Formation of multiple drainage routes | 767 | ||
| Endoscopic ultrasound–guided intra-abdominal abscess drainage | 767 | ||
| Preloaded fiducial needle | 767 | ||
| SUMMARY | 767 | ||
| REFERENCES | 768 |