Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Bones and Joints offers a clear and concise introduction to the bones and joints of the body along with pathology. Heavily illustrated with clear annotations, this is an essential learning, revision aid and reference for all radiography students and other health care students including nurses. Laid out in a logical and systemic way the text is easy to understand with brand new colour illustrations throughout. The three generic chapters at the start of the book, covering an overview of bone, joints and pathology, provide the basic information required to ensure that the student is able to gain the most benefit from the subsequent area-specific chapters. This is an essential book for all health care students who need a good understanding of the skeletal system.
- Now fully illustrated in colour throughout with clear annotations for easy understanding.
- Joint illustrations are colour coded to aid learning
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Inside Front Cover | ifc1 | ||
| Bones and Joints | i | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Table Of Contents | v | ||
| PREFACE | vi | ||
| 1 Bone | 1 | ||
| Chapter contents | 1 | ||
| Structure of bone | 1 | ||
| Compact bone | 1 | ||
| A central haversian canal | 1 | ||
| Lamellae | 1 | ||
| Lacunae | 1 | ||
| Canaliculi | 1 | ||
| Interstitial lamellae | 1 | ||
| Circumferential lamellae | 1 | ||
| Volkmann’s canals | 1 | ||
| Periosteum | 2 | ||
| Cancellous bone | 3 | ||
| Bone marrow | 3 | ||
| Development | 3 | ||
| Ossification | 3 | ||
| Parathormone (from the parathyroid glands) | 3 | ||
| Growth hormone (from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland) | 3 | ||
| Thyroxine (from the thyroid gland) | 3 | ||
| Testosterone (in the male) and oestrogen (in the female) | 3 | ||
| Intramembranous ossification | 3 | ||
| Intracartilaginous ossification | 4 | ||
| Primary centre of ossification | 4 | ||
| Secondary centres of ossification | 4 | ||
| Growth | 4 | ||
| Fusion | 5 | ||
| Function of bone | 5 | ||
| Blood supply | 5 | ||
| Nerve supply | 5 | ||
| Types of bones | 5 | ||
| Long bones | 5 | ||
| Examples | 5 | ||
| Short bones (cuboidal shape) | 6 | ||
| 2 Joints | 10 | ||
| Chapter contents | 10 | ||
| Synovial joints (diarthroses) | 10 | ||
| Features of a typical synovial joint (Fig. 2.1) | 10 | ||
| Movements of the joints | 11 | ||
| Flexion | 11 | ||
| Extension | 11 | ||
| Abduction | 11 | ||
| Adduction | 11 | ||
| Internal rotation | 11 | ||
| External rotation | 11 | ||
| Circumduction | 11 | ||
| Gliding | 11 | ||
| Types of synovial joints | 11 | ||
| Synovial hinge joints | 11 | ||
| Movements | 11 | ||
| Examples | 11 | ||
| Synovial condylar joints | 12 | ||
| 3 Pathology | 14 | ||
| Chapter contents | 14 | ||
| Changes due to pathology | 14 | ||
| Loss of bone density | 14 | ||
| Osteoporosis (Figs 3.1, 3.2) | 14 | ||
| Causes | 14 | ||
| Radiological signs | 14 | ||
| Osteomalacia (‘adult rickets’) (Fig. 3.3) | 16 | ||
| Causes | 16 | ||
| Radiological signs | 16 | ||
| Osteogenesis imperfecta (Fig. 3.4) | 17 | ||
| 4 Upper limb | 43 | ||
| Chapter contents | 43 | ||
| Humerus (Figs 4.1 and 4.2) | 43 | ||
| Type | 43 | ||
| Position | 43 | ||
| Articulations | 43 | ||
| Main parts | 43 | ||
| Features of the upper end of the humerus | 43 | ||
| Lesser tuberosity (lesser tubercle) | 43 | ||
| Greater tuberosity (greater tubercle) | 43 | ||
| Intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) | 43 | ||
| Anatomical neck | 43 | ||
| Surgical neck | 43 | ||
| Features of the shaft of the humerus | 43 | ||
| Spiral groove | 44 | ||
| Medial border | 44 | ||
| Features of the lower end of the humerus | 45 | ||
| Medial epicondyle | 45 | ||
| Lateral supracondylar ridge | 45 | ||
| Medial supracondylar ridge | 45 | ||
| Capitulum | 45 | ||
| Trochlea | 45 | ||
| Groove for the ulnar nerve | 45 | ||
| Olecranon fossa | 45 | ||
| Coronoid fossa | 45 | ||
| Radial fossa | 45 | ||
| Ossification | 45 | ||
| Primary centre | 45 | ||
| Secondary centres | 45 | ||
| Lower end | 45 | ||
| Radiographic appearances of the humerus (Figs 4.3 and 4.4) | 46 | ||
| Radius (Figs 4.5 and 4.6) | 48 | ||
| Type | 48 | ||
| Position | 48 | ||
| Articulations | 48 | ||
| Main parts | 50 | ||
| Features of the upper end of the radius | 50 | ||
| Neck | 50 | ||
| Radial tuberosity | 50 | ||
| Features of the shaft of the radius | 50 | ||
| Anterior surface | 50 | ||
| Features of the lower end of radius | 50 | ||
| Radial styloid process | 50 | ||
| Distal surface | 50 | ||
| Ossification | 50 | ||
| Primary centre | 50 | ||
| Secondary centres | 50 | ||
| Ulna (Figs 4.5 and 4.6) | 50 | ||
| Type | 50 | ||
| Position | 50 | ||
| Articulations | 50 | ||
| Main parts | 51 | ||
| Features of the upper end of the ulna | 51 | ||
| Coronoid process | 51 | ||
| Ulnar tuberosity | 51 | ||
| Trochlear notch | 51 | ||
| Radial notch | 51 | ||
| Features of the shaft of the ulna | 51 | ||
| Anterior surface | 51 | ||
| Features of the lower end of the ulna | 51 | ||
| Ulnar styloid process | 51 | ||
| Ossification | 51 | ||
| Primary centre | 51 | ||
| Secondary centres | 51 | ||
| Radiographic appearances of the radius and ulna (Figs 4.7 and 4.8) | 52 | ||
| Hand (Fig. 4.11) | 56 | ||
| Carpal bones | 56 | ||
| Position | 56 | ||
| Articulations | 56 | ||
| Ossification | 56 | ||
| Primary centres | 56 | ||
| Metacarpal bones (Fig. 4.11) | 57 | ||
| 5 Shoulder girdle | 78 | ||
| Chapter contents | 78 | ||
| Clavicle (Figs 5.1 and 5.2) | 78 | ||
| Type | 78 | ||
| Position | 78 | ||
| Articulations | 79 | ||
| Main parts | 79 | ||
| Shaft | 79 | ||
| Sternal end | 79 | ||
| Acromial end | 79 | ||
| Facet for the 1st costal cartilage | 79 | ||
| Conoid tubercle | 79 | ||
| Trapezoid line | 79 | ||
| Ossification | 79 | ||
| Primary centres | 79 | ||
| 2 centres in the shaft | 79 | ||
| Secondary centres | 79 | ||
| Radiographic appearances of the clavicle (Figs 5.3 and 5.4) | 79 | ||
| Scapula (Figs 5.5 and 5.6) | 80 | ||
| Type | 80 | ||
| Position | 80 | ||
| Articulations | 80 | ||
| Main parts | 80 | ||
| Posterior aspect | 80 | ||
| Body | 80 | ||
| Spine | 80 | ||
| Supraspinous fossa | 80 | ||
| Infraspinous fossa | 80 | ||
| Acromion process | 80 | ||
| Superior angle | 80 | ||
| Inferior angle | 82 | ||
| Medial (vertebral) border | 82 | ||
| Lateral (axillary) border | 82 | ||
| Spinoglenoid notch | 82 | ||
| Acromial angle | 82 | ||
| Lateral aspect | 82 | ||
| Head of scapula | 82 | ||
| Glenoid cavity | 82 | ||
| Supraglenoid tubercle | 82 | ||
| Infraglenoid tubercle | 82 | ||
| Anterior aspect | 82 | ||
| Subscapular fossa | 82 | ||
| Superior border | 82 | ||
| Coracoid process | 82 | ||
| Ossification | 82 | ||
| Primary centre | 82 | ||
| Secondary centres | 82 | ||
| Radiographic appearances of the scapula (Figs 5.7 and 5.8) | 83 | ||
| Shoulder Joint (Figs 5.9 and 5.10) | 85 | ||
| Type | 85 | ||
| Bony articular surfaces | 85 | ||
| Fibrous capsule | 85 | ||
| Synovial membrane | 85 | ||
| Subscapular bursa | 85 | ||
| Subacromial bursa | 85 | ||
| Strengthening ligaments | 85 | ||
| Glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle and inferior) | 85 | ||
| Coracohumeral ligament | 86 | ||
| Transverse humeral ligament | 86 | ||
| Tendons | 86 | ||
| Intracapsular structures | 86 | ||
| Glenoid labrum | 86 | ||
| Movements | 87 | ||
| Blood supply | 87 | ||
| Nerve supply | 87 | ||
| Radiographic appearances of the shoulder joint (Figs 5.11–5.13) | 87 | ||
| Acromioclavicular Joint (Fig. 5.17) | 91 | ||
| Type | 91 | ||
| Bony articular surfaces | 91 | ||
| Fibrous capsule | 91 | ||
| Synovial membrane | 91 | ||
| Supporting ligaments | 91 | ||
| Acromioclavicular ligament | 91 | ||
| Coracoclavicular ligament | 91 | ||
| Intracapsular structure | 91 | ||
| Articular disc | 91 | ||
| Movements | 91 | ||
| Blood supply | 91 | ||
| Suprascapular artery | 91 | ||
| Thoraco-acromial artery | 91 | ||
| Nerve supply | 91 | ||
| Radiographic appearances of the acromioclavicular joint (Fig. 5.18) | 92 | ||
| Sternoclavicular Joint (Fig. 5.19) | 92 | ||
| Type | 92 | ||
| Bony articular surfaces | 92 | ||
| Fibrous capsule | 92 | ||
| Synovial membrane | 92 | ||
| Strengthening ligaments | 93 | ||
| Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments | 93 | ||
| Intracapsular structure | 93 | ||
| Articular disc | 93 | ||
| Movements | 93 | ||
| Blood supply | 93 | ||
| Nerve supply | 93 | ||
| Radiographic appearances of the sternoclavicular joint (Fig. 5.20) | 94 | ||
| 6 Lower limb | 95 | ||
| Chapter contents | 95 | ||
| Femur (Figs 6.1 and 6.2) | 95 | ||
| Type | 95 | ||
| Position | 95 | ||
| Articulations | 95 | ||
| Main parts | 95 | ||
| Features of the upper end of the femur | 95 | ||
| Fovea | 95 | ||
| Neck | 95 | ||
| Greater trochanter | 95 | ||
| Lesser trochanter | 96 | ||
| Intertrochanteric line | 96 | ||
| Intertrochanteric crest | 96 | ||
| Trochanteric fossa | 96 | ||
| Features of the shaft of the femur | 97 | ||
| Gluteal tuberosity | 97 | ||
| Linea aspera | 97 | ||
| Medial border | 97 | ||
| Features of the lower end of the femur | 98 | ||
| Medial epicondyle | 98 | ||
| Lateral epicondyle | 98 | ||
| Intercondylar notch | 98 | ||
| Adductor tubercle | 98 | ||
| Patellar articular surface | 98 | ||
| Medial supracondylar line | 98 | ||
| Lateral supracondylar line | 98 | ||
| Popliteal surface | 98 | ||
| Ossification | 98 | ||
| Primary centre | 98 | ||
| Secondary centres | 98 | ||
| Radiographic appearances of the femur (Figs 6.3, 6.4, 6.5 and 6.6) | 99 | ||
| Patella (Figs 6.9 and 6.10) | 102 | ||
| Type | 102 | ||
| Position | 102 | ||
| Articulation | 102 | ||
| Main parts | 102 | ||
| Apex | 102 | ||
| Facet for the lateral condyle of the femur | 102 | ||
| Facet for the medial condyle of the femur | 102 | ||
| Ossification | 103 | ||
| Primary centre | 103 | ||
| Radiographic appearances of the patella (Figs 6.11 and 6.12) | 104 | ||
| Tibia (Figs 6.13 and 6.14) | 105 | ||
| Type | 105 | ||
| Position | 105 | ||
| Articulations | 105 | ||
| Main parts | 106 | ||
| Features of the upper end of tibia | 106 | ||
| Medial condyle | 106 | ||
| Lateral condyle | 106 | ||
| Articular facet | 106 | ||
| Tibial tuberosity | 106 | ||
| Features of the shaft of tibia | 107 | ||
| Anterior border | 107 | ||
| Medial border | 107 | ||
| Medial surface | 107 | ||
| Features of the lower end of the tibia | 107 | ||
| Fibular notch | 107 | ||
| Inferior articular surface | 107 | ||
| Anterior surface | 107 | ||
| Ossification | 107 | ||
| Primary centre | 107 | ||
| Secondary centres | 107 | ||
| Fibula (Figs 6.13 and 6.14) | 107 | ||
| Type | 107 | ||
| Position | 107 | ||
| Articulations | 107 | ||
| Main parts | 108 | ||
| Features of the upper end of the fibula | 108 | ||
| Styloid process | 108 | ||
| Neck | 108 | ||
| Features of the shaft of fibula | 108 | ||
| Features of the lower end of fibula | 108 | ||
| Articular facet | 108 | ||
| Malleolar fossa | 108 | ||
| Ossification | 108 | ||
| Primary centre | 108 | ||
| Secondary centres | 108 | ||
| Radiographic appearances of the tibia and fibula (Figs 6.15 and 6.16) | 109 | ||
| Foot | 111 | ||
| Tarsal bones (Fig. 6.18) | 111 | ||
| Position | 111 | ||
| Articulations | 113 | ||
| Individual bones | 113 | ||
| Proximal row | 113 | ||
| Talus | 113 | ||
| Neck | 113 | ||
| Body | 113 | ||
| Trochlear articular surface | 113 | ||
| Inferior surface | 113 | ||
| Sulcus tali | 113 | ||
| Calcaneus | 114 | ||
| Superior surface | 114 | ||
| Inferior surface | 114 | ||
| Posterior surface | 114 | ||
| Medial surface | 114 | ||
| Anterior surface | 114 | ||
| Sulcus calcanei | 114 | ||
| Lateral surface | 114 | ||
| Radiographic appearances of the calcaneus (Fig. 6.19) | 114 | ||
| Distal row | 114 | ||
| Navicular | 114 | ||
| Proximal surface | 114 | ||
| Distal surface | 114 | ||
| Cuneiform bones | 115 | ||
| 7 Pelvic girdle | 141 | ||
| Chapter contents | 141 | ||
| Hip bone (Figs 7.1 and 7.2) | 141 | ||
| Ilium (Figs 7.1 and 7.2) | 141 | ||
| Position | 141 | ||
| Articulations | 141 | ||
| Main parts | 141 | ||
| Anterior superior iliac spine | 141 | ||
| Anterior inferior iliac spine | 141 | ||
| Anterior border | 142 | ||
| Posterior superior iliac spine | 142 | ||
| Posterior inferior iliac spine | 142 | ||
| Posterior border | 142 | ||
| Greater sciatic notch | 142 | ||
| Internal (medial) surface | 142 | ||
| Iliac fossa | 142 | ||
| Sacropelvic surface | 142 | ||
| Medial border | 142 | ||
| External (lateral) surface | 142 | ||
| Gluteal surface | 143 | ||
| Iliopubic eminence | 143 | ||
| Ischium (Figs 7.1 and 7.2) | 143 | ||
| Position | 143 | ||
| Articulations | 143 | ||
| Main parts | 143 | ||
| Ischial tuberosity | 143 | ||
| Ischial spine | 144 | ||
| Lesser sciatic notch | 144 | ||
| Ischial ramus | 144 | ||
| Pubis (Figs 7.1 and 7.2) | 144 | ||
| Position | 144 | ||
| Articulations | 144 | ||
| Main parts | 144 | ||
| Pubic crest | 144 | ||
| Pubic tubercle | 144 | ||
| Superior ramus | 144 | ||
| Inferior ramus | 144 | ||
| Obturator foramen | 144 | ||
| Acetabulum (Fig. 7.3) | 144 | ||
| Acetabular notch | 144 | ||
| Acetabular fossa | 144 | ||
| Ossification | 145 | ||
| Primary centres | 145 | ||
| 8 Thorax | 162 | ||
| Chapter contents | 162 | ||
| Sternum (Figs 8.1 and 8.2) | 162 | ||
| Type | 162 | ||
| Position | 162 | ||
| Articulations | 162 | ||
| Main parts | 162 | ||
| Manubrium sterni | 162 | ||
| Body | 162 | ||
| 4 segments | 162 | ||
| 3 ridges | 162 | ||
| 4 notches | 162 | ||
| 2 demi-facets | 162 | ||
| Xiphoid process | 163 | ||
| Superior angle | 163 | ||
| Xiphisternal joint | 163 | ||
| Ossification | 164 | ||
| Primary centres | 164 | ||
| Manubrium | 164 | ||
| Body | 164 | ||
| Xiphoid process | 164 | ||
| Radiographic appearances of the sternum (Figs 8.3 and 8.4) | 164 | ||
| Ribs (Fig. 8.5) | 166 | ||
| Type | 166 | ||
| Position | 166 | ||
| Articulations | 166 | ||
| Main parts | 166 | ||
| Anterior end | 166 | ||
| Head | 166 | ||
| Crest | 166 | ||
| Neck | 167 | ||
| 9 Vertebral column | 174 | ||
| Chapter contents | 174 | ||
| A ‘typical’ vertebra (Figs 9.1 and 9.2) | 174 | ||
| Type | 174 | ||
| Position | 174 | ||
| Articulations | 175 | ||
| Main parts | 175 | ||
| Body | 175 | ||
| Pedicles | 176 | ||
| Laminae | 176 | ||
| Vertebral arch | 176 | ||
| Vertebral foramen | 176 | ||
| Transverse processes | 176 | ||
| 10 The skull | 220 | ||
| Chapter contents | 220 | ||
| Skull (Figs 10.1, 10.2 and 10.3) | 220 | ||
| Orbital cavity (Fig. 10.4) | 224 | ||
| Bones forming the orbital cavity | 224 | ||
| Sphenoid bone | 224 | ||
| Zygomatic bone | 224 | ||
| Ethmoid bone | 224 | ||
| Palatine bone | 224 | ||
| Frontal bone | 224 | ||
| Lacrimal bone | 224 | ||
| Maxilla | 224 | ||
| Features of the orbital cavity | 224 | ||
| Superior orbital fissure | 224 | ||
| Inferior orbital fissure | 224 | ||
| Supraorbital foramen (notch) | 224 | ||
| Optic foramen | 224 | ||
| Optic canal | 224 | ||
| Infraorbital groove | 224 | ||
| Lacrimal groove | 224 | ||
| Nasolacrimal canal | 224 | ||
| Radiographic appearances of the orbital cavity (Figs 10.5 and 10.6) | 225 | ||
| Nasal cavity (Fig. 10.7) | 226 | ||
| Roof | 226 | ||
| Floor | 226 | ||
| Medial wall | 226 | ||
| Lateral wall | 226 | ||
| Conchae | 227 | ||
| Superior nasal concha | 227 | ||
| Middle nasal concha | 227 | ||
| Inferior nasal concha | 227 | ||
| Spheno-ethmoidal recess | 227 | ||
| Superior meatus | 227 | ||
| Middle meatus | 227 | ||
| Inferior meatus | 227 | ||
| Paranasal sinuses (Figs 10.8 and 10.9) | 227 | ||
| Function | 227 | ||
| Maxillary sinuses (largest) (Fig. 10.8) | 227 | ||
| Position | 227 | ||
| Structure | 227 | ||
| Base | 227 | ||
| Apex | 227 | ||
| Floor | 227 | ||
| Roof | 227 | ||
| Glossary | 274 | ||
| Index | 279 | ||
| A | 279 | ||
| B | 279 | ||
| C | 280 | ||
| D | 280 | ||
| E | 281 | ||
| F | 281 | ||
| G | 282 | ||
| H | 282 | ||
| I | 282 | ||
| J | 283 | ||
| K | 283 | ||
| L | 283 | ||
| M | 284 | ||
| N | 284 | ||
| O | 284 | ||
| P | 285 | ||
| Q | 286 | ||
| R | 286 | ||
| S | 286 | ||
| T | 287 | ||
| U | 288 | ||
| V | 288 | ||
| W | 289 | ||
| X | 289 | ||
| Z | 289 |