BOOK
Orthopedic Disorders of the Foal, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, E-Book
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice is edited by Dr. Ashlee Watts and focuses on Orthopedic Disorders of Foals. Article topics include: Orthopedic conditions of the dysmature foal; Septic arthritis, osteomyelitis and physitis; Club foot; FLD - carpus and fetlock; ALD - growth augmentation; ALD - growth retardation; Foal Fractures - osteochondral fragmentation, sesamoiditis and coffin bone; Foal Fractures - physeal fractures; OCD development; OCD - surgical options and when to utilize them.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Orthopedic Disordersof the Foal\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Preface: Prelude to an Equine Athlete: Foal Orthopedics | v | ||
| Routine Orthopedic Evaluation in Foals | v | ||
| Routine Trimming and Therapeutic Farriery in Foals | v | ||
| Orthopedic Conditions of the Premature and Dysmature Foal | v | ||
| Septic Arthritis, Physitis, and Osteomyelitis in Foals | v | ||
| Flexural Deformity of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint | vi | ||
| Flexural Limb Deformities of the Carpus and Fetlock in Foals | vi | ||
| Angular Limb Deformities: Growth Augmentation | vi | ||
| Angular Limb Deformities: Growth Retardation | vi | ||
| Osteochondritis Dissecans Development | vii | ||
| Surgical Management of Osteochondrosis in Foals | vii | ||
| Foal Fractures: Osteochondral Fragmentation, Proximal Sesamoid Bone Fractures/Sesamoiditis, and Distal Phalanx Fractures | vii | ||
| Physeal Fractures in Foals | vii | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment Considerations for Nonphyseal Long Bone Fractures in the Foal | viii | ||
| VETERINARY CLINICS OF\rNORTH AMERICA: EQUINE PRACTICE\r | ix | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | ix | ||
| December 2017 | ix | ||
| April 2018 | ix | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | ix | ||
| April 2017 | ix | ||
| December 2016 | ix | ||
| August 2016 | ix | ||
| Preface\r | xi | ||
| Prelude to an Equine Athlete: Foal Orthopedics | xi | ||
| Routine Orthopedic Evaluation in Foals | 253 | ||
| Key points | 253 | ||
| ORTHOPEDIC EVALUATION | 254 | ||
| Causes of Lameness | 257 | ||
| Conformation Evaluation: Neonate | 260 | ||
| Conformation Evaluation: One Month and Older | 263 | ||
| SUMMARY | 264 | ||
| REFERENCES | 265 | ||
| Routine Trimming and Therapeutic Farriery in Foals | 267 | ||
| Key points | 267 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 267 | ||
| EVALUATING THE FOAL | 268 | ||
| TRIMMING THE FOAL | 269 | ||
| Birth to 1 Month | 269 | ||
| One Month | 269 | ||
| Two Months and Onward | 271 | ||
| FLEXOR TENDON FLACCIDITY, FLEXURAL DEFORMITIES, AND ANGULAR LIMB DEFORMITIES IN FOALS | 273 | ||
| Flexor Tendon Flaccidity | 273 | ||
| Flexural Deformities | 276 | ||
| Congenital flexural deformities | 276 | ||
| Acquired flexural deformities | 277 | ||
| Mild acquired flexural deformities | 277 | ||
| Severe acquired flexural deformities | 279 | ||
| Angular Limb Deformities | 282 | ||
| Carpal/tarsal valgus | 283 | ||
| Fetlock varus | 286 | ||
| SUMMARY | 288 | ||
| REFERENCES | 288 | ||
| Orthopedic Conditions of the Premature and Dysmature Foal | 289 | ||
| Key points | 289 | ||
| PREMATURITY AND DYSMATURITY OF THE FOAL | 289 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 290 | ||
| HYPOTHYROIDISM AND CUBOIDAL OSSIFICATION | 291 | ||
| CLINICAL EVALUATION AND DIAGNOSIS | 292 | ||
| SEQUELAE TO INCOMPLETE OSSIFICATION | 294 | ||
| TREATMENT | 294 | ||
| EVALUATION OF OUTCOME AND LONG-TERM RECOMMENDATIONS | 295 | ||
| SUMMARY | 296 | ||
| REFERENCES | 296 | ||
| Septic Arthritis, Physitis, and Osteomyelitis in Foals | 299 | ||
| Key points | 299 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 299 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 300 | ||
| Septic Synovitis/Arthritis | 300 | ||
| Septic Physitis/Osteomyelitis | 302 | ||
| General Musculoskeletal Infection Diagnostics | 304 | ||
| THERAPY | 304 | ||
| Synovitis/Arthritis | 304 | ||
| Physitis/Osteomyelitis | 309 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 309 | ||
| SUMMARY | 313 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 313 | ||
| REFERENCES | 313 | ||
| Flexural Deformity of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint | 315 | ||
| Key points | 315 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 315 | ||
| CONGENITAL FORM | 316 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 316 | ||
| Clinical Signs and Patient Evaluation | 317 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management | 317 | ||
| Medical treatment | 317 | ||
| Bandaging, splints, and casting | 318 | ||
| Physical therapy and exercise | 318 | ||
| Surgical Management | 318 | ||
| ACQUIRED FORM | 319 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 319 | ||
| Clinical Signs and Patient Evaluation | 319 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management | 321 | ||
| Nutrition | 321 | ||
| Medical treatment | 322 | ||
| Corrective trimming and shoeing | 322 | ||
| Surgical Management | 324 | ||
| Accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon desmotomy | 324 | ||
| Traditional techniques | 324 | ||
| Minimally invasive technique | 325 | ||
| Deep digital flexor tendon tenotomy | 327 | ||
| OUTCOME | 328 | ||
| SUMMARY | 328 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 328 | ||
| REFERENCES | 328 | ||
| Flexural Limb Deformities of the Carpus and Fetlock in Foals | 331 | ||
| Key points | 331 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 331 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION OVERVIEW | 332 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 335 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS | 335 | ||
| NONPHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS | 336 | ||
| Shoeing and Trimming Considerations | 336 | ||
| Physical Therapy | 336 | ||
| Exercise Management | 336 | ||
| Complementary/Integrative Therapies | 337 | ||
| External Coaptation | 337 | ||
| GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR SPLINT APPLICATION | 337 | ||
| HOW OFTEN SHOULD SPLINTS BE REMOVED OR ADJUSTED? | 338 | ||
| Bandage-Splint Layers | 338 | ||
| Dynamic Splints | 339 | ||
| COMBINATION THERAPIES | 339 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS | 339 | ||
| TREATMENT RESISTANCE/COMPLICATIONS | 340 | ||
| EVALUATION OF OUTCOME AND LONG-TERM RECOMMENDATIONS | 340 | ||
| SUMMARY | 341 | ||
| REFERENCES | 342 | ||
| Angular Limb Deformities | 343 | ||
| Key points | 343 | ||
| RISK FACTORS | 343 | ||
| CLINICAL EXAMINATION AND RADIOGRAPHY | 345 | ||
| MEDICAL MANAGEMENT | 346 | ||
| SURGICAL MANAGEMENT | 348 | ||
| REFERENCES | 350 | ||
| Angular Limb Deformities | 353 | ||
| Key points | 353 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 353 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION | 354 | ||
| Foal Conformation Evaluation | 354 | ||
| Radiographs | 355 | ||
| SURGICAL GROWTH RETARDATION PROCEDURES | 356 | ||
| Transphyseal Staples | 357 | ||
| Screw and Wire Transphyseal Bridge | 359 | ||
| Surgical procedure | 359 | ||
| Perioperative and postoperative care | 359 | ||
| Transphyseal Screw | 360 | ||
| Surgical procedure | 360 | ||
| Fetlock | 361 | ||
| Tarsus | 362 | ||
| Perioperative and postoperative care | 362 | ||
| Screw and Screw and Wire Removal | 362 | ||
| SCREW AND WIRE VERSUS TRANSPHYSEAL SCREW: ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES, AND COMPLICATIONS | 363 | ||
| SUMMARY | 364 | ||
| REFERENCES | 365 | ||
| Osteochondritis Dissecans Development | 367 | ||
| Key points | 367 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 367 | ||
| NORMAL CARTILAGE DEVELOPMENT | 367 | ||
| HOW DOES CARTILAGE TURN INTO BONE? | 368 | ||
| Endochondral Ossification Process | 368 | ||
| Nutrition of Postnatal Cartilage: Role of Cartilage Canals | 369 | ||
| EARLY PATHOGENESIS OF OSTEOCHONDROSIS | 371 | ||
| Current Theories | 371 | ||
| Failure of cartilage canals | 371 | ||
| Shearing of osteochondral junction | 371 | ||
| Molecular alterations in endochondral ossification | 372 | ||
| Genetic factors | 372 | ||
| Early Detection | 373 | ||
| Biomarkers | 373 | ||
| HEALING OR OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS DEVELOPMENT? | 373 | ||
| Intrinsic Factors | 373 | ||
| Effect of Exercise | 374 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS | 374 | ||
| SUMMARY | 374 | ||
| REFERENCES | 375 | ||
| Surgical Management of Osteochondrosis in Foals | 379 | ||
| Key points | 379 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 379 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 380 | ||
| CAUSATIVE FACTORS | 380 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 381 | ||
| DISTRIBUTION OF LESIONS | 382 | ||
| TREATMENT | 382 | ||
| Conservative Management | 382 | ||
| Surgical Management | 382 | ||
| Femoropatellar Joint | 383 | ||
| Tarsocrural Joint | 386 | ||
| Fetlock Joint | 386 | ||
| Elbow Joint | 388 | ||
| Shoulder Joint | 389 | ||
| Subchondral Cystic Lesions | 389 | ||
| SUMMARY | 391 | ||
| REFERENCES | 392 | ||
| Physeal Fractures in Foals | 417 | ||
| Key points | 417 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 417 | ||
| PATIENT ASSESSMENT | 418 | ||
| FRACTURE TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS BY LOCATION | 419 | ||
| Digits or Phalanges | 419 | ||
| Metacarpus or Metatarsus | 421 | ||
| Radius | 422 | ||
| Ulna | 423 | ||
| Humerus | 423 | ||
| Scapula | 425 | ||
| Tibia | 426 | ||
| Femur | 427 | ||
| SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION | 429 | ||
| REFERENCES | 429 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment Considerations for Nonphyseal Long Bone Fractures in the Foal | 431 | ||
| Key points | 431 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 431 | ||
| SCAPULA | 432 | ||
| ULNA | 433 | ||
| RADIUS | 434 | ||
| TIBIA | 434 | ||
| THIRD METACARPAL/METATARSAL FRACTURES | 434 | ||
| HUMERUS AND FEMUR | 436 | ||
| GENERAL EMERGENCY CARE AND TRANSPORT | 436 | ||
| REFERENCES | 437 |