BOOK
Understanding Pathophysiology, Canadian Edition - E-Book
Sue E. Huether | Kathryn L. McCance | Mohamed Toufic El-Hussein | Kelly Power-Kean | Stephanie Zettel
(2018)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Learn the what, how, and why of pathophysiology within a Canadian context! With easy-to-read, in-depth descriptions of disease, disease etiology, and disease processes, Understanding Pathophysiology, Canadian Edition helps you understand the most important and most complex pathophysiology concepts. Including more than 1,000 full-colour illustrations and photographs, this text makes it easier to identify normal anatomy and physiology, as well as alterations of structure and function. With the most accurate information on treatments, manifestations, and mechanisms of disease across the lifespan, this first-edition text gives you the fundamental knowledge you need to succeed in your nursing education and career!
- Consistent presentation of diseases includes pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and evaluation and treatment.
- Lifespan content includes nine separate pediatric chapters and special sections with aging and pediatrics content.
- Algorithms and flowcharts of diseases and disorders make it easy for you to follow the sequential progression of disease processes.
- Chapter summary reviews provide concise synopses of the main points of each chapter.
- Glossary with approximately 1,000 terms familiarizes you with the most difficult and most important terminology.
- Key terms are blue and bolded throughout the text to provide fast, easy reference.
- Additional What’s New boxes highlight the most current research and clinical development.
- Nutrition and Disease boxes explain the link between concepts of health promotion and disease.
- Quick Check boxes appear at the end of major sections of text and are designed to help you assess your retention of important chapter concepts.
- Risk Factor boxes illustrate important safety considerations associated with specific diseases.
- Did You Understand? end-of-chapter summaries provides you with a comprehensive review of the major concepts presented in each chapter.
- An Introduction to Pathophysiology provides an entrance to the subject of pathophysiology and explains why it is important.
- NEW! Canadian lab values provide core fundamental information required for practice in Canada
- NEW! Canadian morbidity statistics provides you with the Canadian context in which you will be practising.
- NEW! Canadian drug and treatment guidelines familiarize you with aspects of clinical practice you will encounter.
- NEW! Health Promotion boxes align with the Canadian curriculum.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Cover | cover | ||
Inside Front Cover | ifc1 | ||
Health Promotion Boxes | i | ||
Evolve page | ii | ||
Understanding Pathophysiology, Canadian Edition | iii | ||
Copyright Page | iv | ||
Reviewers | v | ||
Contributors | vi | ||
Preface | viii | ||
Organization and Content | viii | ||
Part One: Basic Concepts of Pathophysiology | viii | ||
Part Two: Body Systems and Diseases | viii | ||
Features to Promote Learning | ix | ||
Art Program | ix | ||
Teaching/Learning Package | ix | ||
For Students | ix | ||
For Instructors | ix | ||
Acknowledgments | ix | ||
Introduction to Pathophysiology | x | ||
Table of Content | xi | ||
One Basic Concepts of Pathophysiology | 1 | ||
Unit 1 The Cell | 1 | ||
1 Cellular Biology | 1 | ||
Chapter Outline | 1 | ||
Evolve Website | 1 | ||
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes | 1 | ||
Cellular Functions | 2 | ||
Structure and Function of Cellular Components | 2 | ||
Nucleus | 2 | ||
Cytoplasmic Organelles | 2 | ||
Plasma Membranes | 2 | ||
Membrane Composition | 2 | ||
Lipids. | 3 | ||
Proteins. | 5 | ||
Protein regulation in a cell: protein homeostasis. | 8 | ||
Carbohydrates. | 9 | ||
Cellular Receptors | 9 | ||
Cell-to-Cell Adhesions | 10 | ||
Extracellular Matrix | 10 | ||
Specialized Cell Junctions | 12 | ||
Cellular Communication and Signal Transduction | 12 | ||
Cellular Metabolism | 14 | ||
Role of Adenosine Triphosphate | 16 | ||
Food and Production of Cellular Energy | 16 | ||
Oxidative Phosphorylation | 16 | ||
Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and Output | 17 | ||
Electrolytes as Solutes | 18 | ||
Passive Transport: Diffusion, Filtration, and Osmosis | 19 | ||
Diffusion. | 19 | ||
Filtration: hydrostatic pressure. | 20 | ||
Osmosis. | 20 | ||
Active Transport of Na+ and K | 21 | ||
Transport by Vesicle Formation | 21 | ||
Endocytosis and Exocytosis | 21 | ||
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis | 23 | ||
Caveolae | 23 | ||
Movement of Electrical Impulses: Membrane Potentials | 24 | ||
Cellular Reproduction: The Cell Cycle | 25 | ||
Phases of Mitosis and Cytokinesis | 25 | ||
Rates of Cellular Division | 26 | ||
Growth Factors | 26 | ||
Tissues | 27 | ||
Tissue Formation | 27 | ||
Types of Tissues | 27 | ||
Did You Understand? | 34 | ||
Cellular Functions | 34 | ||
Structure and Function of Cellular Components | 34 | ||
Cell-to-Cell Adhesions | 34 | ||
Cellular Communication and Signal Transduction | 35 | ||
Cellular Metabolism | 35 | ||
Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and Output | 35 | ||
Cellular Reproduction: The Cell Cycle | 35 | ||
Tissues | 35 | ||
Key Terms | 36 | ||
References | 37 | ||
2 Genes and Genetic Diseases | 38 | ||
Chapter Outline | 38 | ||
Evolve Website | 38 | ||
DNA, RNA, and Proteins: Heredity at the Molecular Level | 38 | ||
Definitions | 38 | ||
Composition and Structure of DNA | 38 | ||
DNA as the Genetic Code | 39 | ||
Replication of DNA | 39 | ||
Mutation | 39 | ||
From Genes to Proteins | 39 | ||
Transcription | 41 | ||
Gene Splicing | 41 | ||
Translation | 42 | ||
Chromosomes | 42 | ||
Chromosome Aberrations and Associated Diseases | 42 | ||
Polyploidy | 42 | ||
Aneuploidy | 43 | ||
Autosomal aneuploidy. | 46 | ||
Sex chromosome aneuploidy. | 46 | ||
Abnormalities of Chromosome Structure | 46 | ||
Deletions. | 46 | ||
Duplications. | 47 | ||
Inversions. | 47 | ||
Translocations. | 47 | ||
Fragile sites. | 49 | ||
Elements of Formal Genetics | 49 | ||
Phenotype and Genotype | 49 | ||
Dominance and Recessiveness | 49 | ||
Transmission of Genetic Diseases | 50 | ||
Autosomal Dominant Inheritance | 50 | ||
Characteristics of Pedigrees | 50 | ||
Recurrence Risks | 50 | ||
Delayed Age of Onset | 51 | ||
Penetrance and Expressivity | 51 | ||
Epigenetics and Genomic Imprinting | 52 | ||
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance | 52 | ||
Characteristics of Pedigrees | 52 | ||
Recurrence Risks | 53 | ||
Consanguinity | 54 | ||
X-Linked Inheritance | 54 | ||
X Inactivation | 54 | ||
Sex Determination | 54 | ||
Characteristics of Pedigrees | 55 | ||
Recurrence Risks | 55 | ||
Sex-Limited and Sex-Influenced Traits | 56 | ||
Linkage Analysis and Gene Mapping | 56 | ||
Classic Pedigree Analysis | 56 | ||
Complete Human Gene Map: Prospects and Benefits | 57 | ||
Multifactorial Inheritance | 58 | ||
Did You Understand? | 59 | ||
DNA, RNA, and Proteins: Heredity at the Molecular Level | 59 | ||
Chromosomes | 59 | ||
Elements of Formal Genetics | 60 | ||
Transmission of Genetic Diseases | 60 | ||
Linkage Analysis and Gene Mapping | 60 | ||
Multifactorial Inheritance | 60 | ||
Key Terms | 61 | ||
References | 61 | ||
3 Epigenetics and Disease | 62 | ||
Chapter Outline | 62 | ||
Evolve Website | 62 | ||
Epigenetic Mechanisms | 62 | ||
DNA Methylation | 62 | ||
Histone Modifications | 63 | ||
RNA-Based Mechanisms | 64 | ||
Epigenetics and Human Development | 64 | ||
Genomic Imprinting | 64 | ||
Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes | 64 | ||
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome | 65 | ||
Russell-Silver Syndrome | 66 | ||
Inheritance of Epigenetic States | 66 | ||
Epigenetics and Nutrition | 66 | ||
Epigenetics and Maternal Care | 66 | ||
Epigenetics and Ethanol Exposure During Gestation | 67 | ||
Epigenetics and Mental Illness | 67 | ||
Epigenetic Disease in the Context of Genetic Abnormalities | 67 | ||
Twin Studies Provide Insights on Epigenetic Modification | 68 | ||
Molecular Approaches to Understand Epigenetic Disease | 68 | ||
Epigenetics and Cancer | 68 | ||
DNA Methylation and Cancer | 68 | ||
microRNAs and Cancer | 69 | ||
Epigenetic Screening for Cancer | 69 | ||
Emerging Strategies for the Treatment of Epigenetic Disease | 69 | ||
DNA Demethylating Agents | 70 | ||
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors | 70 | ||
microRNA Coding | 70 | ||
Two Body Systems and Diseases | 309 | ||
Unit 4 The Neurological System | 309 | ||
13 Structure and Function of the Neurological System | 309 | ||
Chapter Outline | 309 | ||
Evolve Website | 309 | ||
Overview and Organization of the Nervous System | 309 | ||
Cells of the Nervous System | 309 | ||
The Neuron | 310 | ||
Neuroglia and Schwann Cells | 310 | ||
Nerve Injury and Regeneration | 311 | ||
The Nerve Impulse | 313 | ||
Synapses | 313 | ||
Neurotransmitters | 313 | ||
The Central Nervous System | 313 | ||
The Brain | 313 | ||
Forebrain | 314 | ||
Telencephalon. | 314 | ||
Diencephalon. | 317 | ||
Midbrain | 319 | ||
Mesencephalon. | 319 | ||
Hindbrain | 319 | ||
Metencephalon. | 319 | ||
Myelencephalon. | 319 | ||
The Spinal Cord | 320 | ||
Motor Pathways | 322 | ||
Sensory Pathways | 322 | ||
Protective Structures of the Central Nervous System | 323 | ||
Cranium | 323 | ||
Meninges | 323 | ||
Cerebrospinal Fluid and the Ventricular System | 323 | ||
Vertebral Column | 324 | ||
Blood Supply of the Central Nervous System | 325 | ||
Blood Supply to the Brain | 325 | ||
Blood–Brain Barrier | 326 | ||
Blood Supply to the Spinal Cord | 327 | ||
The Peripheral Nervous System | 327 | ||
The Autonomic Nervous System | 328 | ||
Anatomy of the Sympathetic Nervous System | 328 | ||
Anatomy of the Parasympathetic Nervous System | 331 | ||
Neurotransmitters and Neuroreceptors | 331 | ||
Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System | 331 | ||
Geriatric Considerations | 335 | ||
Did You Understand? | 335 | ||
Overview and Organization of the Nervous System | 335 | ||
Cells of the Nervous System | 335 | ||
The Nerve Impulse | 335 | ||
The Central Nervous System | 335 | ||
The Peripheral Nervous System | 336 | ||
The Autonomic Nervous System | 336 | ||
Key Terms | 336 | ||
References | 337 | ||
14 Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function | 338 | ||
Chapter Outline | 338 | ||
Evolve Website | 338 | ||
Pain | 338 | ||
Theories of Pain | 338 | ||
Neuroanatomy of Pain | 339 | ||
Pain Modulation | 340 | ||
Neurotransmitters of Pain Modulation | 340 | ||
Pathways of Modulation | 342 | ||
Clinical Descriptions of Pain | 342 | ||
Temperature Regulation | 344 | ||
Control of Body Temperature | 344 | ||
Temperature Regulation in Infants and Older Adults | 345 | ||
Pathogenesis of Fever | 346 | ||
Benefits of Fever | 346 | ||
Disorders of Temperature Regulation | 346 | ||
Hyperthermia | 346 | ||
Hypothermia | 347 | ||
Trauma and Temperature | 347 | ||
Sleep | 347 | ||
Sleep Disorders | 348 | ||
Common Dyssomnias | 348 | ||
Common Parasomnias | 349 | ||
Restless Legs Syndrome | 349 | ||
The Special Senses | 349 | ||
Vision | 349 | ||
The Eye | 349 | ||
Visual Dysfunction | 350 | ||
Alterations in ocular movements. | 350 | ||
Alterations in visual acuity. | 350 | ||
Alterations in accommodation. | 352 | ||
Alterations in refraction. | 352 | ||
Alterations in colour vision. | 352 | ||
Neurological disorders causing visual dysfunction. | 352 | ||
External Eye Structure and Disorders | 353 | ||
Hearing | 354 | ||
The Normal Ear | 354 | ||
Auditory Dysfunction | 355 | ||
Conductive hearing loss. | 355 | ||
Sensorineural hearing loss. | 355 | ||
Mixed and functional hearing loss. | 355 | ||
Ménière’s disease. | 355 | ||
Ear Infections | 355 | ||
Otitis externa. | 355 | ||
Otitis media. | 356 | ||
Olfaction and Taste | 356 | ||
Olfactory and Taste Dysfunctions | 356 | ||
Somatosensory Function | 356 | ||
Touch | 356 | ||
Proprioception | 356 | ||
Index | 1119 | ||
A | 1119 | ||
B | 1122 | ||
C | 1123 | ||
D | 1128 | ||
E | 1129 | ||
F | 1130 | ||
G | 1131 | ||
H | 1132 | ||
I | 1134 | ||
J | 1136 | ||
K | 1136 | ||
L | 1136 | ||
M | 1137 | ||
N | 1139 | ||
O | 1140 | ||
P | 1141 | ||
Q | 1144 | ||
R | 1144 | ||
S | 1145 | ||
T | 1147 | ||
U | 1148 | ||
V | 1149 | ||
W | 1149 | ||
X | 1150 | ||
Y | 1150 | ||
Z | 1150 | ||
Prefixes and Suffixes Used in Medical Terminology | IBC2 | ||
Inside Back Cover | ibc1 |