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Book Details
Abstract
Using a multidisciplinary, team-oriented approach, this unique title expertly covers all the latest approaches to the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with critical cardiac illness. Led by Dr David L. Brown, a stellar team of authoritative writers guides you through cardiac pathophysiology, disease states presenting in the CICU, and state-of-the-art advanced diagnosis and therapeutic techniques. A visually appealing format, new chapters, and thorough updates ensure that you stay on the cutting edge of this rapidly advancing field.
- Discusses recent changes in cardiac intensive care, including new care paradigms, new mechanical support modalities, and new therapies and interventions.
- Contains 11 new chapters: Palliative Care, Temporary Pacemaker Insertion, Pericardiocentesis, Distributive Shock, Electrical Storm, Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation after Cardiac Arrest, Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices, Cardiorenal Syndrome, Fulminant Myocarditis, Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy, Diagnosis and Treatment of Unstable Supraventricular Tachycardia.
- Concisely yet thoroughly covers acute and severe heart failure, chronic pulmonary hypertension, life-threatening dysrhythmias, aortic dissection, and other cardiac conditions as they relate to intensive care.
- Explains drug therapy for key cardiac drugs, such as inotropes, vasodilators, anti-arrhythmics, diuretics, anticoagulants, and anti-platelets, and discusses important drug interactions.
- Ideal for all healthcare professionals involved in cardiac intensive care, including intensivists, cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, residents, fellows, cardiac nurses, respiratory therapists, physical therapists, and nutritionists.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Inside Front Cover | ifc1 | ||
| Cardiac Intensive Care | i | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Foreword | vii | ||
| Preface | ix | ||
| Contributors | xi | ||
| Table Of Contents | xv | ||
| Audio and Video Contents | xvii | ||
| Second half title page | xix | ||
| I Introduction | 1 | ||
| 1 Evolution of the Coronary Care Unit | 2 | ||
| Keywords | 2.e1 | ||
| Outline | 2 | ||
| Origins of the Coronary Care Unit | 2 | ||
| Early Days of Resuscitation | 2 | ||
| A Paradigm Shift—Prevention of Cardiac Arrest | 3 | ||
| Validating the Benefit of the Coronary Care Unit | 4 | ||
| Economic Impact of the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit | 4 | ||
| Patient Selection in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit | 4 | ||
| Defining the Contemporary Cardiac Intensive Care Unit | 4 | ||
| Ongoing Evolution of Cardiac Intensive Care Units | 5 | ||
| Multidisciplinary Clinical Integration and the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Model | 5 | ||
| Management Algorithms | 7 | ||
| Education and Training in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit | 7 | ||
| Technology Needs in Contemporary Cardiac Intensive Care Units | 8 | ||
| Research in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit | 8 | ||
| Research Processes | 9 | ||
| Informed Consent | 10 | ||
| Developing an On-site Research Program | 10 | ||
| Conclusion | 10 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 10 | ||
| References | 10.e1 | ||
| 2 Ethical Issues in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit | 11 | ||
| Outline | 11 | ||
| Western Bioethics | 12 | ||
| Principlism | 12 | ||
| Patient Autonomy. | 12 | ||
| Beneficence. | 13 | ||
| Nonmaleficence. | 13 | ||
| Justice. | 13 | ||
| Consequentialism | 14 | ||
| Casuistry | 14 | ||
| Practical Guidelines for Ethical Decision Making | 15 | ||
| Patient Partnership | 15 | ||
| Authority or Medical Decision Making | 15 | ||
| Communication | 16 | ||
| Determining Patients’ Values and Preferences | 17 | ||
| Withholding and Withdrawing of Life Support | 17 | ||
| Legal Precedents | 17 | ||
| Patients With Decision-Making Capacity. | 17 | ||
| Patients Lacking Decision-Making Capacity. | 17 | ||
| Advance Directives | 18 | ||
| Living Wills and Medical Powers of Attorney. | 19 | ||
| Patient Self-Determination Act. | 19 | ||
| Deciding to Withhold or Withdraw Life Support | 19 | ||
| Withholding and Withdrawing Basic Life Support. | 20 | ||
| Withholding Advanced Life Support. | 20 | ||
| Withdrawing Advanced Life Support. | 21 | ||
| Cross-Cultural Conflict | 23 | ||
| Conclusion | 24 | ||
| References | 26.e1 | ||
| 3 Physical Examination in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit | 27 | ||
| Keywords | 27.e1 | ||
| Outline | 27 | ||
| General Assessment | 27 | ||
| Vital Signs | 27 | ||
| Temperature | 28 | ||
| Respiration | 28 | ||
| Pulse | 29 | ||
| Blood Pressure | 30 | ||
| Weight | 31 | ||
| Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat Examination | 31 | ||
| Jugular Venous Pulse and Abdominojugular Reflux | 31 | ||
| Chest and Lung Examination | 32 | ||
| Thorax and Heart Examination | 33 | ||
| Auscultation of the Heart | 34 | ||
| S1, S2, S3, and S4 | 34 | ||
| Heart Murmurs: Static and Dynamic Auscultation | 35 | ||
| Abdominal Examination | 37 | ||
| Neurologic Examination | 38 | ||
| Vascular Examination | 40 | ||
| Musculoskeletal and Integument Examination | 40 | ||
| Conclusion | 40 | ||
| References | 40.e1 | ||
| II Scientific Foundation of Cardiac Intensive Care | 41 | ||
| 4 Role of the Cardiovascular System in Coupling the External Environment to Cellular Respiration | 42 | ||
| Keywords | 42.e1 | ||
| Outline | 42 | ||
| Cardiovascular Function and Pulmonary Gas Exchange | 42 | ||
| Total Pulmonary Blood Flow and Oxygen Exchange | 42 | ||
| Pulmonary Transit Time | 44 | ||
| Distribution of Blood Flow Within the Lungs | 45 | ||
| Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Lung Fluid Exchange | 46 | ||
| Ventricular Function and Lung Disease | 47 | ||
| Cardiovascular Function and Systemic Gas Exchange | 47 | ||
| References | 51.e1 | ||
| 5 Regulation of Cardiac Output | 52 | ||
| Outline | 52 | ||
| Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference | 52 | ||
| Reflex Control of Cardiac Output | 53 | ||
| Left Ventricular Performance | 54 | ||
| Pressure-Volume Loop | 54 | ||
| Effect of Alterations in Preload on the Pressure-Volume Loop | 54 | ||
| End-Systolic Pressure-Volume Relationship | 54 | ||
| Effect of Changes in Contractile State | 55 | ||
| Effect of Afterload Change | 55 | ||
| Pressure-Volume Approach Applied to Pathologic Conditions | 56 | ||
| Acute Systolic Dysfunction | 56 | ||
| Diastolic Dysfunction | 57 | ||
| Aortic Stenosis | 57 | ||
| Mitral Stenosis | 58 | ||
| Valvular Regurgitation | 58 | ||
| Dilated Cardiomyopathy | 58 | ||
| Limitation of the Pressure-Volume Approach | 59 | ||
| Conclusion | 59 | ||
| References | 59.e1 | ||
| 6 Coronary Physiology and Pathophysiology | 60 | ||
| Outline | 60 | ||
| Determinants of Myocardial Oxygen Consumption | 60 | ||
| Metabolic Control | 60 | ||
| Autoregulation | 60 | ||
| Vessel Wall and Local Control of Coronary Blood Flow | 61 | ||
| Coronary Arterial System | 61 | ||
| Extravascular Compression of Coronary Blood Supply | 62 | ||
| Neural Control and Reflexes | 62 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 63 | ||
| Atherosclerosis | 63 | ||
| Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction | 63 | ||
| Collateral Blood Vessels | 63 | ||
| Myocardial Ischemia | 64 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 67 | ||
| References | 67.e1 | ||
| 7 Pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndromes | 68 | ||
| Outline | 68 | ||
| Atherogenesis | 68 | ||
| Development | 68 | ||
| Fatty Streak. | 68 | ||
| Plaque Formation. | 69 | ||
| Progression of Atherosclerosis | 73 | ||
| Chronic Endothelial Injury. | 73 | ||
| Recurrent Thrombosis. | 74 | ||
| Plaque Disruption | 74 | ||
| Vulnerability | 74 | ||
| Core Size and Content. | 74 | ||
| Cap Thickness and Content. | 75 | ||
| Inflammation. | 75 | ||
| Rupture Triggers | 75 | ||
| Cap Tension. | 75 | ||
| Cap and Plaque Compression. | 76 | ||
| Circumferential Bending. | 76 | ||
| Longitudinal Flexion. | 76 | ||
| Hemodynamic Factors. | 76 | ||
| Thrombosis | 76 | ||
| Platelet Biology | 76 | ||
| Platelet Adherence. | 77 | ||
| Platelet Activation and Aggregation. | 77 | ||
| Coagulation Cascade | 77 | ||
| Fibrinolysis | 78 | ||
| Factors That Influence Thrombus Formation | 79 | ||
| Local Factors | 79 | ||
| Degree of vessel wall injury. | 79 | ||
| Degree of stenosis. | 79 | ||
| Residual thrombosis. | 79 | ||
| Systemic Factors. | 79 | ||
| Integrated Pathogenesis of Acute Coronary Syndromes | 79 | ||
| Conclusion | 80 | ||
| References | 80.e1 | ||
| 8 Regulation of Hemostasis and Thrombosis | 81 | ||
| Keywords | 81.e1 | ||
| Outline | 81 | ||
| Overview and Definitions | 81 | ||
| Hemostasis | 81 | ||
| Necessary Components | 81 | ||
| Vascular Bed. | 81 | ||
| Extravascular Tissues. | 82 | ||
| Platelets. | 82 | ||
| Coagulation Proteins. | 82 | ||
| Process of Hemostasis | 84 | ||
| Step 1: Initiation of Coagulation on TF-Bearing Cells. | 84 | ||
| Step 2: Amplification of the Procoagulant Signal by Thrombin Generated on the TF-Bearing Cell. | 84 | ||
| Step 3: Propagation of Thrombin Generation on the Platelet Surface. | 85 | ||
| Regulatory Mechanisms to Control Coagulation | 86 | ||
| Plasma Protease Inhibitors | 86 | ||
| Endothelial Antithrombotic Mechanisms | 87 | ||
| Fibrinolysis | 87 | ||
| Clinical Laboratory Testing | 87 | ||
| What Can Go Wrong With Hemostasis? | 88 | ||
| Hemorrhage | 88 | ||
| Consumption of Coagulation Components. | 88 | ||
| Excessive Fibrinolysis. | 88 | ||
| Hypothermia. | 88 | ||
| Acidosis. | 88 | ||
| Thrombosis | 88 | ||
| Venous Thrombosis. | 89 | ||
| Arterial Thrombosis. | 89 | ||
| What Happens After the Bleeding Stops? | 89 | ||
| References | 89.e1 | ||
| III Coronary Artery Disease | 90 | ||
| 1 Acute Myocardial Infarction | 91 | ||
| 9 Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction | 91 | ||
| Keywords | 91.e1 | ||
| Outline | 91 | ||
| History | 91 | ||
| Definition of Myocardial Infarction | 92 | ||
| Biochemical Markers of Acute Myocardial Infarction | 92 | ||
| Troponin | 93 | ||
| Diagnosis. | 93 | ||
| Prognosis. | 94 | ||
| Risk Stratification. | 94 | ||
| Creatine Kinase MB | 94 | ||
| Myoglobin | 94 | ||
| Adjunctive Biomarkers | 94 | ||
| Novel Cardiac Markers | 95 | ||
| Clinical Evaluation | 95 | ||
| Physical Examination | 96 | ||
| Electrocardiogram | 96 | ||
| Bundle Branch Block Patterns and Acute Myocardial Infarction. | 97 | ||
| Imaging Techniques | 98 | ||
| Reinfarction | 98 | ||
| Conclusion | 98 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 98 | ||
| References | 98.e1 | ||
| 10 Use of the Electrocardiogram in Acute Myocardial Infarction | 99 | ||
| Keywords | 99.e1 | ||
| Outline | 99 | ||
| Introduction | 99 | ||
| Inferior Myocardial Infarction | 99 | ||
| Right Ventricle Myocardial Infarction | 99 | ||
| Anterior Myocardial Infarction | 100 | ||
| Left Main Occlusion | 100 | ||
| Diagnosis in Bundle Branch Block | 101 | ||
| Absence of ST Elevations | 101 | ||
| References | 102.e1 | ||
| 11 Reperfusion Therapies for Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction | 103 | ||
| Keywords | 103.e1 | ||
| Outline | 103 | ||
| Introduction | 103 | ||
| Historical Perspective | 103 | ||
| Coronary Thrombosis and the Pathogenesis of Acute Myocardial Infarction | 103 | ||
| Thrombolysis and Reperfusion | 104 | ||
| Thrombolytic Agents: The First Pathway to Coronary Reperfusion | 104 | ||
| Streptokinase. | 105 | ||
| Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator. | 105 | ||
| Tenectaplase and Reteplase. | 105 | ||
| Magnitude and Timing | 105 | ||
| Pivotal Trials | 106 | ||
| Adjunctive Therapy | 106 | ||
| Bleeding and the Elderly | 107 | ||
| Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention | 108 | ||
| Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for STEMI | 108 | ||
| Rationale and Feasability. | 108 | ||
| Key Clinical Trials. | 108 | ||
| Adjunctive Therapy and Approach | 108 | ||
| Oral Antiplatelet Agents: Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Prasugrel, and Ticagrelor. | 109 | ||
| Intravenous Antiplatelet Agents. | 110 | ||
| Antithrombins. | 110 | ||
| Radial, Femoral, and Multivessel Primary PCI. | 110 | ||
| Thrombectomy and Route of Drug Administration. | 112 | ||
| Pharmacoinvasive Therapy for STEMI | 112 | ||
| Regional Systems in STEMI Care | 113 | ||
| Conclusions | 116 | ||
| References | 116.e1 | ||
| 12 Adjunctive Pharmacologic Therapies in Acute Myocardial Infarction | 117 | ||
| Keywords | 117.e1 | ||
| Outline | 117 | ||
| Antiplatelet Therapy | 118 | ||
| Aspirin | 118 | ||
| Recommendations | 119 | ||
| P2Y12 Platelet Antagonists | 120 | ||
| Clopidogrel | 120 | ||
| Prasugrel | 122 | ||
| Ticagrelor | 122 | ||
| Cangrelor | 122 | ||
| Recommendations | 123 | ||
| Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Antagonists | 123 | ||
| Abciximab | 123 | ||
| Tirofiban | 124 | ||
| Eptifibatide | 124 | ||
| Recommendations | 124 | ||
| β-Blockers | 124 | ||
| Recommendations | 126 | ||
| Nitrates | 127 | ||
| Recommendations | 127 | ||
| Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Other Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors | 127 | ||
| Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors | 128 | ||
| Angiotensin Receptor Blockers | 129 | ||
| Aldosterone Antagonists | 130 | ||
| Adverse Effects of ACE Inhibitors, ARBs, and Aldosterone Blockers | 130 | ||
| Recommendations | 131 | ||
| Calcium Channel Blockers | 131 | ||
| IV Noncoronary Diseases: Diagnosis and Management | 179 | ||
| 18 Acute Heart Failure and Pulmonary Edema | 180 | ||
| Keywords | 180.e1 | ||
| Outline | 180 | ||
| Introduction | 180 | ||
| Pathophysiologic Considerations | 181 | ||
| Chronic Progressive Fluid and Water Retention | 181 | ||
| Pulmonary Edema | 181 | ||
| Left Ventricular Pump Performance in Acute Heart Failure | 182 | ||
| Chamber Stiffness | 182 | ||
| Compensatory Mechanisms in Acute Heart Failure | 183 | ||
| Mechanistic Considerations in Acute Heart Failure Syndromes | 183 | ||
| Clinical Presentation of Acute Heart Failure | 185 | ||
| Group 1: Acute-on-Chronic Decompensated Heart Failure | 185 | ||
| Group 2: Hypertensive Acute Heart Failure | 186 | ||
| Group 3: Acute Heart Failure With Severe Pulmonary Edema | 187 | ||
| Group 4: Cardiogenic Shock and Low-Output Syndrome | 187 | ||
| Group 5: High-Output Heart Failure | 187 | ||
| Group 6: Right-Sided Heart Failure | 188 | ||
| Diagnosis of Acute Heart Failure | 188 | ||
| Differentiating Cardiogenic From Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema | 188 | ||
| Evaluation and Triage of Patients With Acute Heart Failure | 189 | ||
| Step 1: Define Clinical Severity of Acute Heart Failure. | 189 | ||
| Step 2: Establish Etiology of Acute Heart Failure. | 190 | ||
| Step 3: Identify Precipitating Causes of Acute Heart Failure. | 190 | ||
| Step 4: Decide on Disposition of Patient. | 190 | ||
| Ongoing Evaluation of the Patient | 190 | ||
| Pulmonary Artery Catheter. | 191 | ||
| Treatment of Acute Heart Failure | 191 | ||
| General Measures | 191 | ||
| Oxygenation. | 191 | ||
| Deep Venous Thrombosis Prophylaxis. | 191 | ||
| Diabetes. | 191 | ||
| Medications | 191 | ||
| Treatment of Triggers of Decompensation | 191 | ||
| Acute Coronary Syndrome. | 191 | ||
| Rapid Arrhythmias and Severe Bradycardia. | 191 | ||
| Acute Mechanical Instability. | 192 | ||
| Hemodynamic Goals of Treatment | 192 | ||
| Specific Interventions | 192 | ||
| Vasodilators. | 192 | ||
| Nitroglycerin | 192 | ||
| Actions. | 192 | ||
| V Pharmacologic Agents in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit | 367 | ||
| 35 Anticoagulation | 368 | ||
| Keywords | 368.e1 | ||
| Outline | 368 | ||
| Hemostasis and the Coagulation Cascade | 368 | ||
| Cell-Based Model of Coagulation | 369 | ||
| Arterial Thrombosis | 369 | ||
| Antithrombins: Mechanism of Action | 369 | ||
| Unfractionated Heparin | 369 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Administration | 369 | ||
| Adverse Effects | 370 | ||
| Clinical Evidence | 370 | ||
| Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins (Enoxaparin) | 371 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Administration | 371 | ||
| Clinical Evidence | 371 | ||
| Synthetic Pentasaccharides (Fondaparinux) | 373 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Administration | 373 | ||
| Clinical Evidence | 374 | ||
| Direct Thrombin Inhibitors (Bivalirudin) | 374 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Administration | 374 | ||
| Clinical Evidence | 375 | ||
| Conclusion | 378 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 378 | ||
| References | 378.e1 | ||
| 36 Antiplatelet Therapy | 379 | ||
| Keywords | 379.e1 | ||
| Outline | 379 | ||
| Platelet and Acute Coronary Syndromes | 379 | ||
| Non–ST Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome | 381 | ||
| Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA or Aspirin) | 381 | ||
| Adenosine Diphosphate Receptor Antagonists | 382 | ||
| Clopidogrel. | 382 | ||
| Prasugrel. | 383 | ||
| Ticagrelor. | 384 | ||
| Cangrelor. | 385 | ||
| Vorapaxar | 385 | ||
| Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Antagonists | 385 | ||
| Abciximab. | 386 | ||
| Eptifibatide. | 386 | ||
| Tirofiban. | 387 | ||
| ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction | 387 | ||
| Aspirin | 388 | ||
| ADP Receptor Antagonists | 388 | ||
| Clopidogrel. | 388 | ||
| Prasugrel. | 389 | ||
| Ticagrelor. | 389 | ||
| Cangrelor | 390 | ||
| Vorapaxar. | 390 | ||
| Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors and Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. | 390 | ||
| Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors and Thrombolytic Therapy. | 391 | ||
| Antiplatelet Therapy and Bleeding Complications | 391 | ||
| Aspirin | 391 | ||
| Clopidogrel | 391 | ||
| Prasugrel | 392 | ||
| Ticagrelor | 392 | ||
| Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Antagonists | 392 | ||
| Conclusions and Future Directions | 393 | ||
| References | 393.e1 | ||
| 37 Inotropic and Vasoactive Agents | 394 | ||
| Keywords | 394.e1 | ||
| Outline | 394 | ||
| Sympathomimetic Agents | 394 | ||
| Dopamine | 394 | ||
| Dobutamine | 396 | ||
| Isoproterenol | 396 | ||
| Epinephrine | 397 | ||
| Norepinephrine | 397 | ||
| Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors | 397 | ||
| Inamrinone | 398 | ||
| Milrinone | 398 | ||
| Calcium-Sensitizing Agents | 398 | ||
| Levosimendan | 398 | ||
| Other Parenteral Inotropes | 399 | ||
| Digoxin | 399 | ||
| Vasodilators | 399 | ||
| Nitroprusside | 399 | ||
| Nitroglycerin | 399 | ||
| Nesiritide | 401 | ||
| Hydralazine | 401 | ||
| Enalaprilat | 401 | ||
| References | 401.e1 | ||
| 38 Intensive Diuresis and Ultrafiltration | 402 | ||
| Keywords | 402.e1 | ||
| Outline | 402 | ||
| Diuretics | 402 | ||
| Types of Diuretics and Physiologic Efficacy | 402 | ||
| Indications for Intensive Diuresis | 402 | ||
| Decompensated Congestive Heart Failure | 402 | ||
| Acute Decompensated Heart Failure | 403 | ||
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 403 | ||
| Chronic Liver Disease | 403 | ||
| Diuretic Resistance and Medical Management of Refractory Edema | 404 | ||
| Combination of Diuretics | 404 | ||
| Intravenous Bolus Versus Continuous Infusion Therapy | 404 | ||
| Combination With Albumin | 404 | ||
| Ultrafiltration | 405 | ||
| Rationale for Mechanical Fluid Removal | 405 | ||
| Options for Ultrafiltration | 405 | ||
| Benefits of Ultrafiltration | 405 | ||
| Indications for Mechanical Fluid Removal | 406 | ||
| Clinical Studies | 406 | ||
| Ongoing Limitations | 408 | ||
| Use of Ultrafiltration in Clinical Practice | 408 | ||
| Future of Extracorporeal Fluid Removal | 408 | ||
| Conclusions | 408 | ||
| References | 408.e1 | ||
| 39 Antidysrhythmic Electrophysiology and Pharmacotherapy | 409 | ||
| Keywords | 409.e1 | ||
| Outline | 409 | ||
| Cardiac Action Potential | 409 | ||
| Sinoatrial Node and Atrioventricular Node Action Potential | 410 | ||
| His-Purkinje Action Potential | 410 | ||
| Classification of Antidysrhythmic Medications | 410 | ||
| Class I Antidysrhythmic Medications | 411 | ||
| Class II Antidysrhythmic Medications | 413 | ||
| Class III Antidysrhythmic Medications | 413 | ||
| Class IV Antidysrhythmic Medications | 413 | ||
| Atypical Antidysrhythmic Medications | 413 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics of Antidysrhythmic Drugs | 413 | ||
| Antidysrhythmic Medications of Clinical Relevance in the Critical Care Setting | 414 | ||
| Class IA | 414 | ||
| Indications. | 414 | ||
| Electrocardiographic Effects. | 415 | ||
| Side Effects. | 415 | ||
| Administration. | 415 | ||
| Class IB | 415 | ||
| Indications. | 415 | ||
| Electrocardiographic Effects. | 416 | ||
| Side Effects. | 416 | ||
| Administration. | 416 | ||
| Class IC | 416 | ||
| Class II | 416 | ||
| VI Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques: Indications and Technical Considerations | 446 | ||
| 42 Central Venous Access Procedures | 447 | ||
| Outline | 447 | ||
| Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation | 447 | ||
| Equipment | 447 | ||
| Technique | 447 | ||
| Clinical Pearls | 448 | ||
| Complications | 448 | ||
| Central Venous Access General Principles and Preparation | 449 | ||
| Seldinger Technique | 449 | ||
| Clinical Pearls | 449 | ||
| Internal Jugular Vein | 449 | ||
| Relevant Anatomy | 449 | ||
| Landmark Technique | 450 | ||
| Ultrasound-Guided Technique | 450 | ||
| Appendix US and European Cardiology Society Guidelines | e1 | ||
| Atrial Fibrillation | e1 | ||
| 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation | e1 | ||
| Congenital Heart Disease | e1 | ||
| ACC/AHA 2008 Guidelines for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease | e1 | ||
| Coronary Artery Disease | e1 | ||
| 2017 ESC Focused Update on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Coronary Artery Disease Developed in Collaboration With EACTS | e1 | ||
| Acute Coronary Syndromes | e1 | ||
| 2015 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting Without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation | e1 | ||
| Heart Failure | e1 | ||
| 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure | e1 | ||
| 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure | e1 | ||
| 2016 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure | e1 | ||
| Infective Endocarditis | e1 | ||
| 2015 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Infective Endocarditis | e1 | ||
| Percutaneous Coronary Intervention | e2 | ||
| 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention | e2 | ||
| Pericardial Diseases | e2 | ||
| 2015 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) | e2 | ||
| Acute Pulmonary Embolism | e2 | ||
| 2014 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism | e2 | ||
| Pulmonary Hypertension | e2 | ||
| 2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension | e2 | ||
| ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction | e2 | ||
| 2015 ACC/AHA/SCAI Focused Update on Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction | e2 | ||
| 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction | e2 | ||
| 2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Thoracic Aortic Disease | e2 | ||
| 2017 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients Presenting With ST-Segment Elevation | e2 | ||
| Valvular Heart Disease | e2 | ||
| 2017 AHA/ACC Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease | e2 | ||
| 2017 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the Management of Valvular Heart Disease | e2 | ||
| Ventricular Arrhythmias | e3 | ||
| 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death | e3 | ||
| ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death | e3 | ||
| 2015 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death | e3 | ||
| Index | 587 | ||
| A | 587 | ||
| B | 590 | ||
| C | 591 | ||
| D | 594 | ||
| E | 594 | ||
| F | 595 | ||
| G | 596 | ||
| H | 596 | ||
| I | 597 | ||
| J | 598 | ||
| K | 598 | ||
| L | 598 | ||
| M | 599 | ||
| N | 600 | ||
| O | 600 | ||
| P | 600 | ||
| Q | 603 | ||
| R | 603 | ||
| S | 604 | ||
| T | 605 | ||
| U | 606 | ||
| V | 606 | ||
| W | 607 | ||
| Z | 607 | ||
| Inside Back Cover | ibc1 |