BOOK
Food Allergy, An Issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics, Guest Edited by Dr. J. Andrew Bird, is devoted to Food Allergy. Articles in this outstanding issue include: Prevention of Food Allergies; Epidemiology of Food Allergy; Oral Tolerance Development and Maintenance; Diagnosis of Food Allergy; Food Allergy Management; Interventional Therapies for the Treatment of Food Allergy; Baked Milk and Egg as Oral Immunotherapy; Adjuvant Therapies for Desensitization; Alternative Therapies for Treatment of Food Allergy; Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES); Diagnosis and Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis; and Unfounded Diagnostic Procedures.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Food Allergy | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Foreword: The Quest for Food Allergy Treatments: On Course and Gaining Steam…Finally | vii | ||
| Preface: Food Allergy | vii | ||
| Prevention of Food Allergies | vii | ||
| Epidemiology of Food Allergy | vii | ||
| Oral Tolerance Development and Maintenance | vii | ||
| Diagnosis of Food Allergy | viii | ||
| Food Allergy Management | viii | ||
| The Role of Baked Egg and Milk in the Diets of Allergic Children | viii | ||
| Interventional Therapies for the Treatment of Food Allergy | viii | ||
| Adjuvant Therapies in Food Immunotherapy | ix | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Treatment of Food Allergy | ix | ||
| Diagnosis and Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis | ix | ||
| Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome | ix | ||
| Unproven Diagnostic Tests for Food Allergy | x | ||
| IMMUNOLOGYAND ALLERGY\rCLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA\r | xi | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
| May 2018 | xi | ||
| August 2018 | xi | ||
| November 2018 | xi | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
| November 2017 | xi | ||
| August 2017 | xi | ||
| May 2017 | xi | ||
| Foreword: The Quest for Food Allergy Treatments: On Course and Gaining Steam…Finally\r\r | xiii | ||
| Preface:\rFood Allergy | xv | ||
| Prevention of Food Allergies | 1 | ||
| Key points | 1 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1 | ||
| THE CURRENT BURDEN OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN E–MEDIATED FOOD ALLERGIES AROUND THE WORLD | 2 | ||
| PREVENTION OF FOOD ALLERGY THROUGH TIMELY INTRODUCTION OF ALLERGENIC FOODS | 3 | ||
| HOW MUCH FOOD ALLERGY CAN WE PREVENT THROUGH TIMELY INTRODUCTION OF ALLERGENIC FOOD? | 4 | ||
| PREVENTING FOOD ALLERGY THROUGH TIMELY INTRODUCTION OF ALLERGENIC FOODS: ARE ALL FOOD ALLERGIES THE SAME? | 4 | ||
| HOW RELEVANT IS EARLY PEANUT INTRODUCTION IN COUNTRIES WITH LOW PEANUT ALLERGY PREVALENCE? | 5 | ||
| BARRIERS TO ACHIEVING OPTIMAL TIMING OF INTRODUCTION OF ALLERGENIC FOODS | 5 | ||
| IS THERE A ROLE FOR OTHER PREVENTION STRATEGIES APART FROM TIMING OF INTRODUCTION OF ALLERGENIC FOODS? | 6 | ||
| Vitamin D | 6 | ||
| Probiotics | 7 | ||
| Eczema Prevention | 7 | ||
| SUMMARY | 8 | ||
| REFERENCES | 8 | ||
| Epidemiology of Food Allergy | 13 | ||
| Key points | 13 | ||
| CHALLENGES IN UNDERSTANDING THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FOOD ALLERGY | 13 | ||
| Study Design | 13 | ||
| The Spectrum of Food Allergy | 15 | ||
| The Effect of Age on Food Allergy Estimates | 15 | ||
| BEST ESTIMATES OF THE PREVALENCE OF FOOD ALLERGIES | 15 | ||
| Current Data on the Prevalence of Food Allergy in the United States | 15 | ||
| Global Differences in Food Allergy Prevalence | 16 | ||
| Prevalence of Specific Food Allergies | 16 | ||
| Peanut allergy | 17 | ||
| Tree nut allergy | 17 | ||
| Egg allergy | 17 | ||
| Milk allergy | 18 | ||
| Shellfish allergy | 18 | ||
| Fish allergy | 19 | ||
| CHANGES OVER TIME IN FOOD ALLERGY | 19 | ||
| SPECIFIC RISK POPULATIONS | 20 | ||
| Disparities Between African American and Other Racial Ethnic Groups in Food Allergy | 20 | ||
| Role of Immigration on Food Allergy Rates | 21 | ||
| SUMMARY | 21 | ||
| REFERENCES | 21 | ||
| Oral Tolerance Development and Maintenance | 27 | ||
| Key points | 27 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 27 | ||
| THE GASTROINTESTINAL MUCOSA: A UNIQUE PLACE IN ORAL TOLERANCE DEVELOPMENT | 28 | ||
| MECHANISM OF ORAL TOLERANCE | 29 | ||
| LOSS OF ORAL TOLERANCE | 31 | ||
| RESTORATION OF ORAL TOLERANCE DURING IMMUNOTHERAPY | 32 | ||
| SUMMARY | 33 | ||
| REFERENCES | 33 | ||
| Diagnosis of Food Allergy | 39 | ||
| Key points | 39 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 39 | ||
| CLINICAL HISTORY | 40 | ||
| STANDARD TESTING | 40 | ||
| SKIN PRICK TESTING | 41 | ||
| SERUM FOOD ALLERGEN–SPECIFIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN E | 41 | ||
| MOLECULAR ALLERGEN ANALYSIS | 44 | ||
| BASOPHIL ACTIVATION TEST | 45 | ||
| EPITOPE ANALYSIS | 47 | ||
| ORAL FOOD CHALLENGE | 48 | ||
| UNPROVEN METHODS | 49 | ||
| SUMMARY | 49 | ||
| REFERENCES | 49 | ||
| Food Allergy Management | 53 | ||
| Key points | 53 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF FOOD ALLERGIES | 53 | ||
| FOOD ALLERGEN AVOIDANCE | 53 | ||
| CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF REACTIONS TO FOOD ALLERGENS | 55 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF FOOD ALLERGIC REACTIONS | 56 | ||
| Epinephrine | 57 | ||
| Antihistamines | 58 | ||
| Adjuvant Therapies | 58 | ||
| School Management of Food Allergies | 58 | ||
| FOOD ALLERGENS IN MEDICATIONS AND VACCINES | 59 | ||
| Milk | 60 | ||
| Casamino acids | 60 | ||
| Lactose | 60 | ||
| Egg | 60 | ||
| Ovalbumin | 60 | ||
| Egg lecithin | 61 | ||
| Fish and Shellfish | 61 | ||
| Soy | 61 | ||
| Gelatin | 61 | ||
| QUALITY OF LIFE PREDICTORS | 62 | ||
| FUTURE ALLERGEN-SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY | 62 | ||
| REFERENCES | 63 | ||
| The Role of Baked Egg and Milk in the Diets of Allergic Children | 65 | ||
| Key points | 65 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 65 | ||
| ALTERING THE ALLERGENICITY OF MILK AND EGG | 66 | ||
| PREDICTABILITY OF ALLERGY TESTING FOR BAKED EGG OR BAKED MILK TOLERANCE VERSUS ALLERGY | 67 | ||
| ORAL FOOD CHALLENGES TO BAKED EGG AND BAKED MILK | 69 | ||
| SAFETY OF BAKED MILK AND BAKED EGG ORAL FOOD CHALLENGES | 70 | ||
| TOLERANCE AND ADHERENCE TO DIETS CONTAINING BAKED MILK AND EGG | 71 | ||
| BAKED MILK AND BAKED EGG DIETS AS ORAL IMMUNOTHERAPY | 72 | ||
| Challenge procedure doses for baked egg | 72 | ||
| Challenge procedure doses for baked milk | 72 | ||
| BAKED CHEESE | 73 | ||
| EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS | 73 | ||
| SUMMARY | 74 | ||
| REFERENCES | 74 | ||
| Interventional Therapies for the Treatment of Food Allergy | 77 | ||
| Key points | 77 | ||
| IMMUNOTHERAPY | 78 | ||
| Oral Immunotherapy | 78 | ||
| Peanut oral immunotherapy | 78 | ||
| Milk oral immunotherapy | 79 | ||
| Egg oral immunotherapy | 79 | ||
| Multiple-food Oral Immunotherapy | 80 | ||
| Adverse Reactions to Oral Immunotherapy | 80 | ||
| Risk Factors for Reactions | 80 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Reactions and Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 81 | ||
| Sublingual Immunotherapy | 81 | ||
| Epicutaneous Immunotherapy | 82 | ||
| Milk epicutaneous immunotherapy | 84 | ||
| Peanut epicutaneous immunotherapy | 84 | ||
| SUMMARY | 84 | ||
| REFERENCES | 85 | ||
| Adjuvant Therapies in Food Immunotherapy | 89 | ||
| Key points | 89 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 89 | ||
| IDENTIFYING AN OPTIMAL OUTCOME: DESENSITIZATION VERSUS SUSTAINED UNRESPONSIVENESS | 90 | ||
| LIMITATIONS OF ORAL IMMUNOTHERAPY AS A POTENTIAL TREATMENT OF FOOD ALLERGY | 90 | ||
| ADJUVANT THERAPIES | 91 | ||
| Inhibition of the Immunoglobulin E–Mediated Allergic Response | 91 | ||
| Anti-immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibody | 91 | ||
| Interferon-gamma | 93 | ||
| Immune Response Modifiers | 93 | ||
| Toll-like receptor ligands | 94 | ||
| Modified bacteria expressing allergenic proteins | 94 | ||
| Combined administration of probiotic bacteria together with food allergen | 95 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS AND SUMMARY | 97 | ||
| REFERENCES | 98 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Treatment of Food Allergy | 103 | ||
| Key points | 103 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 104 | ||
| COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE/INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE USE IN THE TREATMENT OF ALLERGY | 104 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States | 104 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Allergy Practices | 104 | ||
| Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Discovery | 105 | ||
| New Structure of Integrative Medicine in the Treatment of Allergy in the United States | 105 | ||
| Food allergy mechanisms and therapeutic targets | 106 | ||
| Sensitization phase | 106 | ||
| Reaction phase | 106 | ||
| Persistent phase | 106 | ||
| CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINE FOR FOOD ALLERGY | 107 | ||
| Food Allergy Herbal Formula 2 Formulation | 107 | ||
| Food Allergy Herbal Formula 2 Effect in Murine Model of Peanut Allergy and Multiple Food Allergies | 111 | ||
| Moving to Clinical Trials of Food Allergy Herbal Formula 2 | 112 | ||
| Phase I trial of food allergy herbal formula 2 | 112 | ||
| Extended phase I trial of food allergy herbal formula 2 | 113 | ||
| Phase II clinical trial of food allergy herbal formula 2 | 113 | ||
| Refined formulation: B-FAHF-2 | 114 | ||
| B-FAHF-2 Plus Oral Immunotherapy for Concurrent Peanut/Tree Nut Allergy | 114 | ||
| Enhanced Refined Formulation: E-B-FAHF-2 and Clinical Study of Triple Therapy | 115 | ||
| Practice-based clinical observational studies | 116 | ||
| Traditional Chinese medicine effect on frequent and severe food anaphylaxis | 116 | ||
| Identification of active compounds for reduction of immunoglobulin E, mast cell activation, and inflammation | 117 | ||
| Immunoglobulin E Inhibitory Compounds | 117 | ||
| Mast cell and basophil activation inhibitory compounds | 117 | ||
| Eotaxin inhibitor | 118 | ||
| Cytokine modulator | 118 | ||
| JAPANESE HERBAL MEDICINE FOR FOOD ALLERGY | 119 | ||
| ACUPUNCTURE INHIBITION OF BASOPHIL HISTAMINE RELEASE | 119 | ||
| PROBIOTICS FOR TREATING FOOD ALLERGY | 119 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS AND SUMMARY | 120 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 120 | ||
| REFERENCES | 120 | ||
| Diagnosis and Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis | 125 | ||
| Key points | 125 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 125 | ||
| SYMPTOMS | 126 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 126 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC TESTS | 126 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 129 | ||
| TREATMENT | 129 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 132 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 133 | ||
| SUMMARY | 133 | ||
| REFERENCES | 133 | ||
| Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome | 141 | ||
| Key points | 141 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 141 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 142 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 142 | ||
| Symptoms | 142 | ||
| Acute symptoms | 142 | ||
| Chronic symptoms | 144 | ||
| Diagnostic Criteria | 144 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 146 | ||
| FOOD TRIGGERS | 146 | ||
| ACUTE MANAGEMENT | 147 | ||
| DIETARY MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT | 147 | ||
| NATURAL HISTORY | 149 | ||
| SUMMARY AND FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 150 | ||
| REFERENCES | 150 | ||
| Unproven Diagnostic Tests for Food Allergy | 153 | ||
| Key points | 153 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 153 | ||
| PROVEN TECHNIQUES FOR TESTING IMMUNOGLOBULIN E–MEDITATED FOOD ALLERGY | 154 | ||
| Skin Prick Testing | 154 | ||
| Food-Specific Serum Immunoglobulin E | 154 | ||
| Oral Food Challenges | 154 | ||
| OTHER FOOD ALLERGY DIAGNOSTIC MODALITIES | 154 | ||
| Patch Testing | 154 | ||
| “Mixed” allergy | 155 | ||
| Atopic dermatitis | 155 | ||
| Eosinophilic esophagitis | 156 | ||
| Conclusions on patch testing | 157 | ||
| Food-Specific Serum Immunoglobulin G | 157 | ||
| Irritable bowel syndrome | 157 | ||
| Other suspected allergic conditions | 157 | ||
| Immunoglobulin E–mediated allergy | 158 | ||
| Conclusions on serum food specific immunoglobulin G | 158 | ||
| Provocation and Neutralization | 158 | ||
| Pulse Testing | 158 | ||
| Electrodermal Testing | 159 | ||
| Cytotoxic Testing | 159 | ||
| Applied Kinesiology Testing | 159 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS/SUMMARY | 160 | ||
| REFERENCES | 160 |