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Book Details
Abstract
Using an easy-to-read, user-friendly format and hundreds of review questions that facilitate effective studying, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery: A Comprehensive Review, 9th Edition, contains the essential information you need for exam success and daily reference. Dr. Wesley Moore and a team of international experts cover everything from foundational concepts to the latest developments in the field, with each specialist providing a complete summary of a particular area of expertise. Extensive updates throughout the text keep you current with all that’s new in this rapidly expanding field.
- Features five new chapters: Congenital Arterial Malformations; Atherectomy and Arterial Closure Devices; Carotid Body Tumors; Building a Hybrid Operating Suite including Robotic Capability; and Management of Venous Leg Ulcers.
- Provides up-to-date coverage of the increasingly important role of endovascular intervention in the vascular surgeon’s practice.
- Details the latest medical management of vascular disease including treatment of hypertension, risk factor modification, and the use of anti-platelets, anti-coagulants, and statins.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Inside Front Cover | ifc1 | ||
| Moore’s Vascular and Endovascular Surgery | i | ||
| Copyright Page | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Preface to the Ninth Edition | x | ||
| Preface to the First Edition | xi | ||
| Table Of Contents | xiii | ||
| 1 Introduction | 1 | ||
| 1 A History of Vascular Surgery | 1 | ||
| Prologue | 1 | ||
| Successful Arterial Suture | 2 | ||
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms | 4 | ||
| Development of Vascular Prostheses | 4 | ||
| Modern Management of Aortic Aneurysms | 5 | ||
| Peripheral Arterial Aneurysms | 6 | ||
| Occlusive Arterial Disease | 6 | ||
| Arterial Trauma | 9 | ||
| Extracranial Cerebrovascular Arterial Occlusions | 9 | ||
| Visceral Vascular Occlusions | 10 | ||
| Extraanatomic Bypass and Vascular Infections | 11 | ||
| Venous Surgery | 11 | ||
| Highlights in Diagnostic Modalities | 12 | ||
| Vascular Access Surgery | 13 | ||
| Thoracic Outlet Syndromes | 14 | ||
| Questions | 14 | ||
| Bibliography | 15 | ||
| References | 16.e1 | ||
| 2 Embryology of the Vascular System | 17 | ||
| Keywords | 17.e1 | ||
| Early History | 17 | ||
| Heart | 19 | ||
| Arteries | 20 | ||
| Veins | 25 | ||
| Growth of New Vessels | 29 | ||
| References | 31.e1 | ||
| 2 General Principles | 32 | ||
| 3 Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology of the Vascular Wall | 32 | ||
| Abstract | 32.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 32.e1 | ||
| Normal Anatomy | 32 | ||
| Arterial Anatomy | 32 | ||
| Venous Anatomy | 33 | ||
| Acute Regulation of Blood Flow and Vessel Diameter | 34 | ||
| Vasodilators | 34 | ||
| Vasoconstrictors | 34 | ||
| Long-Term Adaptations of the Arterial Wall | 35 | ||
| Regulation of Medial and Intimal Thickening | 35 | ||
| Arterial Stiffening | 37 | ||
| Cell-Cell Communication Within the Vascular Wall | 37 | ||
| Possible Therapies for Prevention of Restenosis | 38 | ||
| Regulation of Hemostasis | 39 | ||
| Summary | 40 | ||
| Review Questions | 40 | ||
| References | 40.e1 | ||
| 4 Anatomy and Surgical Exposure of the Vascular System | 41 | ||
| Abstract | 41.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 41.e1 | ||
| General Principles | 41 | ||
| Exposure of the Carotid Artery | 41 | ||
| Exposure of the Vertebral Artery | 43 | ||
| Exposure of the Aortic Arch | 46 | ||
| Exposure of the Brachiocephalic Artery | 46 | ||
| Exposure of the Right Subclavian Artery | 47 | ||
| Exposure of the Proximal Common Carotid Arteries | 48 | ||
| Exposure of the Left Subclavian Artery | 48 | ||
| Exposure of the Descending Thoracic Aorta | 49 | ||
| Exposure of the Superior Vena Cava | 49 | ||
| Exposure of the Axillary Artery | 50 | ||
| Exposure of the Brachial Artery | 51 | ||
| Exposure of the Radial Artery | 51 | ||
| Exposure of the Ulnar Artery | 52 | ||
| Exposure of the Abdominal Aorta | 52 | ||
| Transperitoneal Approaches | 52 | ||
| Retroperitoneal Approaches | 54 | ||
| Exposure of the Celiac Trunk | 54 | ||
| Exposure of the Superior Mesenteric Artery | 55 | ||
| Exposure of the Renal Arteries | 55 | ||
| Exposure of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery | 56 | ||
| Exposure of the Iliac Arteries | 56 | ||
| Exposure of the Inferior Vena Cava | 57 | ||
| Exposure of the Portal, Superior Mesenteric, and Splenic Veins | 58 | ||
| Exposure of Common Femoral Artery | 58 | ||
| Exposure of Deep Femoral Artery | 58 | ||
| Exposure of Superficial Femoral Artery | 59 | ||
| Exposure of Popliteal Artery | 59 | ||
| Exposure of the Anterior Tibial Artery | 61 | ||
| Exposure of the Posterior Tibial Artery | 61 | ||
| Exposure of the Peroneal Artery | 62 | ||
| Review Questions | 62 | ||
| Bibliography | 63 | ||
| References | 63.e1 | ||
| 5 Hemodynamics for the Vascular Surgeon | 64 | ||
| Abstract | 64.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 64.e1 | ||
| Basic Principles of Arterial Hemodynamics | 64 | ||
| Fluid Pressure | 64 | ||
| Fluid Energy | 64 | ||
| Fluid Energy Losses | 65 | ||
| Bernoulli’s Principle | 65 | ||
| Viscous Energy Losses and Poiseuille’s Law | 65 | ||
| Inertial Energy Losses | 66 | ||
| Vascular Resistance | 66 | ||
| Blood Flow Patterns | 67 | ||
| Laminar Flow | 67 | ||
| Turbulent Flow | 68 | ||
| Boundary Layer Separation | 68 | ||
| Pulsatile Flow | 68 | ||
| Bifurcations and Branches | 69 | ||
| Tangential Stress and Tension | 69 | ||
| The Properties of Arterial Walls in Specific Conditions | 70 | ||
| Aging and atherosclerosis. | 70 | ||
| Endarterectomy. | 70 | ||
| Aneurysms. | 70 | ||
| Hemodynamics of Arterial Stenosis | 71 | ||
| Energy Losses | 71 | ||
| Bruits and Poststenotic Dilatation | 71 | ||
| Critical Arterial Stenosis | 71 | ||
| Effect of Stenosis Length and Multiple Stenoses | 72 | ||
| Arterial Flow Patterns in Human Limbs | 73 | ||
| Collateral Circulation | 73 | ||
| Distribution of Vascular Resistance and Blood Flow | 73 | ||
| Arterial Pulses and Waveforms | 74 | ||
| Pressure and Flow in Normal Limbs | 74 | ||
| Pressure and Flow in Limbs With Arterial Obstruction | 74 | ||
| Vascular Steal | 75 | ||
| Multiple-Level Occlusive Disease | 75 | ||
| Subclavian Steal Syndrome | 76 | ||
| Extraanatomic Bypass Grafts | 76 | ||
| Hemodynamic Principles and the Treatment of Arterial Disease | 76 | ||
| Direct Arterial Intervention | 76 | ||
| Vasodilators | 77 | ||
| Sympathectomy | 77 | ||
| Rheologic Agents | 77 | ||
| Hemodynamics of the Venous System | 77 | ||
| Normal Pressure and Flow Relationships | 78 | ||
| Resting Venous Pressure | 78 | ||
| Pressure Changes During Exercise | 79 | ||
| Venous Flow Patterns | 79 | ||
| Abnormal Pressure and Flow Relationships | 80 | ||
| Hemodynamic Principles and the Treatment of Venous Disease | 82 | ||
| Conclusion | 82 | ||
| Review Questions | 83 | ||
| Bibliography | 83 | ||
| References | 84.e1 | ||
| 6 Hemostasis and Thrombosis | 85 | ||
| Abstract | 85.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 85.e1 | ||
| Introduction | 85 | ||
| Hemostasis | 85 | ||
| Components of Hemostasis | 85 | ||
| Vessel Response | 85 | ||
| Platelet Activation | 85 | ||
| Fibrin Formation | 87 | ||
| Coagulation Inhibition | 87 | ||
| Fibrinolysis. | 88 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | 88 | ||
| Clinical Evaluation | 88 | ||
| Laboratory Screening | 88 | ||
| Platelet Disorders | 89 | ||
| Qualitative Disorders of Platelet Function | 90 | ||
| Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis | 90 | ||
| Congenital Disorders | 90 | ||
| Acquired Disorders | 91 | ||
| Management of Anticoagulation | 92 | ||
| Treatment Strategies for Vitamin K Antagonist–Associated Bleeding | 92 | ||
| Treatment Strategies for Direct Oral Anticoagulant-Associated Bleeding | 93 | ||
| Perioperative Management | 93 | ||
| Thrombosis | 95 | ||
| Prothrombotic Conditions | 95 | ||
| Inherited Prothrombotic Conditions | 95 | ||
| Acquired Prothrombotic Conditions | 96 | ||
| Indications and Timing for Thrombophilia Screening | 98 | ||
| Venous Thromboembolism | 98 | ||
| Arterial Thromboembolism | 99 | ||
| Caveats in Management of Thrombosis and Thrombophilia | 100 | ||
| Review Questions | 102 | ||
| Bibliography | 103 | ||
| References | 103.e1 | ||
| 7 Atherosclerosis | 104 | ||
| Abstract | 104.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 104.e1 | ||
| Pathology | 104 | ||
| General Concepts | 104 | ||
| Fatty Streaks | 105 | ||
| Endothelium | 107 | ||
| Media | 107 | ||
| Macrophages | 107 | ||
| Gelatinous Plaques | 107 | ||
| Fibrous Plaques | 107 | ||
| Complicated Plaques | 108 | ||
| Theories of Atherogenesis | 108 | ||
| Lipid Hypothesis | 108 | ||
| Thrombogenic Hypothesis | 108 | ||
| Mesenchymal Hypothesis: Hemodynamic Effects | 109 | ||
| Monoclonal Hypothesis: Smooth Muscle Proliferation | 109 | ||
| Response-to-Injury Hypothesis | 109 | ||
| Lesion Arrest or Regression | 110 | ||
| Medical Management | 111 | ||
| General Considerations | 111 | ||
| Clinical Management | 112 | ||
| Drug Therapy for Hyperlipidemia | 112 | ||
| Control of Associated Risk Factors | 112 | ||
| Cigarette Smoking | 112 | ||
| Hypertension | 113 | ||
| Exercise | 113 | ||
| Diabetes | 113 | ||
| Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress | 114 | ||
| Iron Hypothesis | 114 | ||
| Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Therapy | 115 | ||
| Vasoactive Drugs | 116 | ||
| Future Directions and Perspectives | 116 | ||
| Atherosclerosis and Infection | 116 | ||
| Proteinomics | 116 | ||
| Iron Metabolism | 116 | ||
| Comprehensive Risk Reduction Programs | 116 | ||
| Gut Microbiome | 117 | ||
| New Pharmacologic Agents | 117 | ||
| Summary | 117 | ||
| Review Questions | 118 | ||
| References | 118.e1 | ||
| 8 Nonatherosclerotic Vascular Disease | 119 | ||
| Abstract | 119.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 119.e1 | ||
| Vasospastic Disorders | 119 | ||
| Systemic Vasculitis | 122 | ||
| Large Vessel Vasculitis | 123 | ||
| Giant Cell Arteritis Group | 123 | ||
| Systemic giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis). | 124 | ||
| Takayasu disease. | 124 | ||
| Radiation-Induced Arterial Damage | 125 | ||
| Medium Vessel Vasculitis | 126 | ||
| Polyarteritis Nodosa | 126 | ||
| Kawasaki Disease | 126 | ||
| Drug Abuse Arteritis | 128 | ||
| Behçet Disease | 128 | ||
| Cogan Syndrome | 129 | ||
| Small Vessel Vasculitis | 130 | ||
| Hypersensitivity Vasculitis Group | 130 | ||
| Vasculitis of Connective Tissue Diseases | 130 | ||
| Vasculitis Associated With Malignancy | 131 | ||
| Buerger Disease | 131 | ||
| Heritable Arteriopathies | 133 | ||
| Marfan Syndrome | 133 | ||
| Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome | 134 | ||
| Cystic Medial Necrosis | 134 | ||
| Loeys-Dietz Syndrome | 135 | ||
| Neurofibromatosis | 135 | ||
| Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum | 135 | ||
| Arteria Magna Syndrome | 136 | ||
| Congenital Conditions Affecting the Arteries | 136 | ||
| Abdominal Coarctation | 136 | ||
| Persistent Sciatic Artery | 137 | ||
| Popliteal Entrapment Syndromes | 138 | ||
| Fibromuscular Dysplasia | 139 | ||
| Cystic Adventitial Disease | 141 | ||
| External Iliac Endofibrosis | 141 | ||
| Compartment Syndrome | 141 | ||
| Review Questions | 144 | ||
| Bibliography | 145 | ||
| Selected References | 145 | ||
| References | 145.e1 | ||
| 9 Venous Vascular Malformations | 146 | ||
| Abstract | 146.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 146.e1 | ||
| Historical Notes | 146 | ||
| Definition of Vascular Malformations and Vascular Tumors | 146 | ||
| Development of the Vascular System | 146 | ||
| Classification | 147 | ||
| Genetics | 149 | ||
| Incidence | 150 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Physical Exam | 150 | ||
| Imaging Studies | 152 | ||
| Treatment | 152 | ||
| Indications | 152 | ||
| Conservative Treatment | 153 | ||
| Embolization | 153 | ||
| Sclerotherapy | 154 | ||
| Laser Treatment | 154 | ||
| Surgical Excision | 154 | ||
| Recommendation of Invasive Treatment of Venous Vascular Malformations | 155 | ||
| Complex Malformations | 155 | ||
| Klippel–Trenaunay Syndrome | 155 | ||
| Conclusions | 155 | ||
| Review Questions | 156 | ||
| Bibliography | 156 | ||
| References | 156.e1 | ||
| 10 Congenital Arterial Malformations | 157 | ||
| Keywords | 157.e1 | ||
| Definition, Incidence, and Clinical Significance | 157 | ||
| Development of the Vascular System | 157 | ||
| Historical Background and Classification | 158 | ||
| Extratruncular Arteriovenous Malformations | 158 | ||
| Natural History and Clinical Presentation | 158 | ||
| Genetic Basis | 160 | ||
| Evaluation and Diagnostic Imaging | 160 | ||
| General Treatment Principles | 162 | ||
| Treatment Indications and Timing | 162 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | 163 | ||
| Embolization | 163 | ||
| Combined Treatment | 165 | ||
| Truncular Arterial Malformations | 167 | ||
| Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery | 167 | ||
| Right-Sided Aortic Arch | 167 | ||
| Aortic Ring | 167 | ||
| Persistent Sciatic Artery | 168 | ||
| Aortic Coarctation | 168 | ||
| Mid-Aortic Syndrome | 169 | ||
| Conclusions | 170 | ||
| Review Questions | 170 | ||
| Selected References | 171 | ||
| References | 171.e1 | ||
| 11 Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Vascular Disease Management | 172 | ||
| Abstract | 172.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 172.e1 | ||
| Introduction | 172 | ||
| Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy | 172 | ||
| Clinical Significance of Graft Infection | 172 | ||
| Principles of Antibiotic Prophylaxis | 172 | ||
| Bacteriology of Graft Infection | 173 | ||
| Pathogenesis of Graft Infection | 174 | ||
| Skin Flora | 175 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Flora | 175 | ||
| Arterial Colonization | 175 | ||
| Hematogenous and Lymphatogenous Seeding | 176 | ||
| Other Local and Systemic Factors | 176 | ||
| Experimental Investigations | 176 | ||
| Clinical Investigations | 176 | ||
| Early Experience | 176 | ||
| Prospective Trials | 177 | ||
| Local Therapies | 177 | ||
| Hemodialysis Access | 178 | ||
| Major Limb Amputation | 178 | ||
| Arterial Closure Devices | 178 | ||
| Angiography, Inferior Vena Cava Filter | 178 | ||
| Lower Extremity Superficial Venous Insufficiency Treatment | 179 | ||
| Autologous Vein Graft Reconstruction of Lower Extremity | 179 | ||
| Comparisons of Antibiotic Regimens | 179 | ||
| Current Status of Antibiotic Prophylaxis | 179 | ||
| Antibiotic Selection | 179 | ||
| Resistant Bacteria | 181 | ||
| Antibiotic Administration | 181 | ||
| Primary Arterial Infections | 182 | ||
| Historical Perspective | 182 | ||
| Definitions | 182 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 182 | ||
| Oslerian Mycotic Aneurysms: Embolization of Infected Cardiac Vegetations | 182 | ||
| Microbial Arteritis With Aneurysm Formation: Hematogenous Seeding | 182 | ||
| Infected Aneurysms | 183 | ||
| Arterial Injury With Contamination | 183 | ||
| Arteritis From Contiguous Spread | 183 | ||
| Other Forms of Arterial Infection | 183 | ||
| Causative Organisms | 184 | ||
| Anatomic Distribution | 185 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 186 | ||
| Diagnostic Testing | 186 | ||
| Blood Cultures | 186 | ||
| Arterial Cultures | 187 | ||
| Molecular Diagnosis of Arterial Infection | 187 | ||
| Nuclear Imaging: Tagged White Blood Cell Scans | 187 | ||
| Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 187 | ||
| Angiography | 188 | ||
| Hybrid Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomographic Scan | 188 | ||
| Timing of Diagnosis | 188 | ||
| Natural History | 188 | ||
| Principles of Management | 189 | ||
| Control of Sepsis | 189 | ||
| Nonoperative Therapy | 189 | ||
| Arterial Reconstruction | 189 | ||
| Antibiotic-impregnated grafts. | 190 | ||
| Vein grafts. | 190 | ||
| Human allografts. | 190 | ||
| Extraanatomic Reconstruction | 190 | ||
| In situ reconstruction. | 190 | ||
| In situ reconstruction with graft. | 190 | ||
| In situ reconstruction with biological grafts. | 191 | ||
| In situ reconstruction: endovascular repair. | 191 | ||
| Management of Mycotic Aneurysms According to Location | 192 | ||
| Thoracic Aneurysms | 192 | ||
| Suprarenal Aneurysms | 192 | ||
| Infected Femoral Pseudoaneurysms | 192 | ||
| Mesenteric Artery Infections | 193 | ||
| Arterial Infections of the Upper Extremity | 193 | ||
| Conclusions | 193 | ||
| Chronic Suppression Therapy | 193 | ||
| Summation | 194 | ||
| Review Questions | 194 | ||
| References | 195.e1 | ||
| 12 Patterns of Diabetic Vascular Disease | 196 | ||
| Abstract | 196.e1 | ||
| Introduction | 196 | ||
| Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus and Vascular Disease | 196 | ||
| Pathophysiology of Vascular Disease and Diabetes Mellitus | 196 | ||
| Arteriographic Patterns of Vascular Disease in Diabetes Mellitus | 197 | ||
| Distribution of Foot Wounds in Diabetic Vascular Disease | 197 | ||
| Patterns of Foot Infections in Diabetic Vascular Disease | 198 | ||
| Microbiology of Diabetic Foot Ulceration | 198 | ||
| Osteomyelitis Complicating Diabetic Foot Infection | 199 | ||
| Patterns of Health-Related Quality of Life and Diabetic Vascular Disease | 199 | ||
| Common Presentations of Diabetic Vascular Disease | 199 | ||
| Predicting Patterns of Wound Healing and Amputation in Diabetic Vascular Disease | 200 | ||
| Patterns of Care for Diabetic Vascular Disease | 201 | ||
| Trends in Cost of Care of Diabetic Foot Ulcerations | 201 | ||
| Conclusions | 201 | ||
| References | 201.e1 | ||
| 13 Medical Management of Vascular Disease―Including Pharmacology of Drugs Used in Vascular Disease Management | 202 | ||
| Abstract | 202.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 202.e1 | ||
| Introduction | 202 | ||
| Atherosclerosis—Basic Principles and Medical Management | 202 | ||
| Risk Factors for Atherosclerotic Disease and Modification Strategies | 202 | ||
| Smoking | 202 | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 202 | ||
| Hypertension | 203 | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 203 | ||
| Metabolic Syndrome | 204 | ||
| Emerging Novel Risk Factors | 204 | ||
| Surveillance and Secondary Prevention | 205 | ||
| Pharmacology of Drugs Used in the Management of Vascular Disease (Table 13.1) | 205 | ||
| Anticoagulants | 205 | ||
| Heparin | 205 | ||
| Structure and mechanism of action. | 205 | ||
| Clinical use. | 205 | ||
| Adverse reactions. | 205 | ||
| Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. | 205 | ||
| Protamine | 208 | ||
| 3 Arterial Occlusive Disease | 259 | ||
| 16 Vascular Grafts | 259 | ||
| Abstract | 259.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 259.e1 | ||
| Autologous Vein | 259 | ||
| Saphenous Vein | 259 | ||
| Arm Vein | 260 | ||
| Femoral Vein | 261 | ||
| Autologous Artery | 261 | ||
| Prosthetic Grafts | 261 | ||
| Biological Grafts | 262 | ||
| Tissue-Engineered Grafts | 262 | ||
| Endovascular Stent-Grafts | 263 | ||
| Review Questions | 263 | ||
| References | 263.e1 | ||
| 17 Introduction to Endovascular Surgery | 264 | ||
| Abstract | 264.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 264.e1 | ||
| Gaining Arterial Access | 264 | ||
| Essential Tools | 264 | ||
| Vessel Dilators | 264 | ||
| Introducer Sheaths With Hemostasis Valves | 264 | ||
| Guidewires | 265 | ||
| Stainless Steel Guidewires | 265 | ||
| Hydrophilic Guidewires | 266 | ||
| Catheters | 266 | ||
| Diagnostic and Guide Catheters | 266 | ||
| Simple and Complex Curve Catheters | 266 | ||
| Angioplasty | 267 | ||
| Balloon Catheter Characteristics | 267 | ||
| Advances in Balloon Construction | 267 | ||
| Ideal Balloon Catheter | 267 | ||
| Stents | 268 | ||
| Balloon-Expandable Stents | 268 | ||
| Self-Expanding Stents | 268 | ||
| Stent Considerations | 269 | ||
| Conclusion | 269 | ||
| Review Questions | 269 | ||
| References | 270.e1 | ||
| 18 Atherectomy and Arterial Closure Devices | 271 | ||
| Abstract | 271.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 271.e1 | ||
| Atherectomy Devices | 271 | ||
| Introduction | 271 | ||
| History | 271 | ||
| Overview of Atherectomy Data | 271 | ||
| Devices (Table 18.1) | 271 | ||
| Directional Atherectomy | 271 | ||
| SilverHawk, TurboHawk, HawkOne Plaque Excision System (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota) | 271 | ||
| Results. | 272 | ||
| Complications. | 273 | ||
| Indications and ideal lesions. | 274 | ||
| Orbital Atherectomy | 274 | ||
| Diamondback (CSI, St. Paul, Minnesota) | 274 | ||
| Results. | 275 | ||
| Complications. | 275 | ||
| Indications and ideal lesions. | 275 | ||
| Rotational Atherectomy | 275 | ||
| Jetstream (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts) | 275 | ||
| Results and complications. | 275 | ||
| Indications and ideal lesions. | 276 | ||
| Laser Atherectomy | 276 | ||
| CVX-300 Excimer Laser (Spectranetics, Colorado Springs, Colorado) | 276 | ||
| Results. | 276 | ||
| Complications. | 276 | ||
| Indications and ideal lesions. | 277 | ||
| Follow-Up After Atherectomy | 277 | ||
| Atherectomy as an Adjunct for Challenging Lesions | 277 | ||
| Arterial Closure Devices | 277 | ||
| Introduction | 277 | ||
| Devices | 278 | ||
| Suture closure | 278 | ||
| Perclose A-T and Perclose ProGlide. | 278 | ||
| Prostar Xl. | 278 | ||
| Mechanical nonsuture closure | 278 | ||
| StarClose SE. | 278 | ||
| Extravascular sealant | 278 | ||
| Cordis Mynxgrip and Mynx Ace. | 278 | ||
| Cordis Exoseal. | 279 | ||
| Cardiva Vascade. | 279 | ||
| Intravascular sealant | 279 | ||
| St. Jude Angio-Seal. | 279 | ||
| Morris FISH CombiClose and ControlClose. | 279 | ||
| Manual compression assistance | 279 | ||
| Cardiva Catalyst II and III. | 279 | ||
| Self-sealing access | 280 | ||
| Arstasis Axera Access. | 280 | ||
| Complications | 280 | ||
| Hemorrhagic | 280 | ||
| Ischemic | 280 | ||
| Infectious | 280 | ||
| Conclusions | 281 | ||
| Review Questions | 281 | ||
| Bibliography | 281 | ||
| References | 281.e1 | ||
| 19 Extracranial Cerebrovascular Disease | 282 | ||
| Abstract | 282.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 282.e1 | ||
| Historical Review | 282 | ||
| Natural History of Extracranial Arterial Occlusive Disease | 283 | ||
| Pathology of Extracranial Arterial Occlusive Disease | 286 | ||
| Atherosclerosis | 286 | ||
| Fibromuscular Dysplasia | 287 | ||
| Coils and Kinks | 288 | ||
| Aneurysms | 288 | ||
| Takayasu Arteritis | 289 | ||
| Radiation Therapy Injury | 290 | ||
| Recurrent Carotid Stenosis | 291 | ||
| Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Transient Ischemic Attacks and Cerebral Infarction | 292 | ||
| Arterial Thrombosis | 292 | ||
| Flow-Related Ischemic Events | 293 | ||
| Cerebral Emboli | 293 | ||
| Lacunar Infarction | 295 | ||
| Clinical Syndromes of Extracranial Arterial Occlusive Disease | 295 | ||
| Transient Ischemic Attacks | 296 | ||
| General Considerations | 296 | ||
| Carotid Artery Transient Ischemic Attacks | 296 | ||
| Vertebrobasilar System Transient Ischemic Attacks | 297 | ||
| Cerebral Infarction | 297 | ||
| Role of the Vascular Laboratory | 297 | ||
| Asymptomatic Patients | 297 | ||
| Symptomatic Patients | 297 | ||
| Brain Scans and Angiography | 298 | ||
| Surgical Considerations and Technique | 299 | ||
| Anesthesia and Hemodynamic Monitoring | 299 | ||
| Carotid Bifurcation Endarterectomy | 299 | ||
| Indications | 299 | ||
| Technique | 300 | ||
| Internal Carotid Artery Dilatation | 302 | ||
| 4 Arterial Aneurysm Disease | 540 | ||
| 36 Descending Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms | 540 | ||
| Natural History | 540 | ||
| Pathology and Etiology | 541 | ||
| Clinical Manifestation | 542 | ||
| Diagnosis | 542 | ||
| Thoracic Aneurysm Classification | 543 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | 543 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 544 | ||
| Immediate Spinal Neurologic Deficit | 549 | ||
| Delayed Spinal Neurologic Deficit and Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage | 550 | ||
| Postoperative Renal Failure | 551 | ||
| Postoperative Gastrointestinal Complications | 551 | ||
| Survival | 551 | ||
| Aneurysms Associated With Type B Aortic Dissection | 552 | ||
| Ruptured Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms | 552 | ||
| Conclusion | 552 | ||
| Review Questions | 552 | ||
| References | 553.e1 | ||
| 37 Endovascular Repair of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm | 554 | ||
| Abstract | 554.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 554.e1 | ||
| Indications for Thoracic Endovascular Repair | 554 | ||
| Preoperative Planning: Imaging | 554 | ||
| Anatomic Considerations | 555 | ||
| Sizing | 555 | ||
| Access | 555 | ||
| Landing Zones | 555 | ||
| Management of the Left Subclavian Artery | 556 | ||
| Management of the Celiac Axis | 557 | ||
| Stent-Graft Description | 557 | ||
| Gore C-TAG | 557 | ||
| Medtronic Valiant | 558 | ||
| Cook TX2 With Pro-Form and Zenith Alpha | 558 | ||
| Bolton Relay | 559 | ||
| Operative Technique and Deployment | 559 | ||
| Investigational Devices | 560 | ||
| Results | 561 | ||
| Early Results | 561 | ||
| Technical Success | 561 | ||
| Mortality | 561 | ||
| Neurologic Complications | 561 | ||
| Vascular Complications | 562 | ||
| Endoleaks | 562 | ||
| Late Results | 562 | ||
| Late Survival | 562 | ||
| Migration | 563 | ||
| Sac Behavior and Aortic Rupture | 563 | ||
| Stent-Graft Collapse | 563 | ||
| Conclusion | 563 | ||
| Review Questions | 563 | ||
| Bibliography | 563 | ||
| References | 564.e1 | ||
| 38 Combined Endovascular and Surgical (Hybrid) Approach to Aortic Arch and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Pathology | 565 | ||
| Abstract | 565.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 565.e1 | ||
| Patient Selection | 565 | ||
| Indications | 565 | ||
| Anatomy Considerations | 565 | ||
| Open Versus Hybrid Approach | 565 | ||
| Aortic Arch Aneurysm | 565 | ||
| Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm | 566 | ||
| Contraindications | 567 | ||
| Debranching the Aortic Arch | 567 | ||
| Left Subclavian Artery | 567 | ||
| Partial Arch Debranching | 568 | ||
| Complete Arch Debranching | 568 | ||
| Ascending Aorta Replacement With Complete Arch Debranching | 570 | ||
| Staging and Stent-Graft | 570 | ||
| Debranching Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms | 571 | ||
| Origin of the Visceral Bypass Grafts | 571 | ||
| Abdominal Debranching Techniques | 571 | ||
| Exposure of the Visceral Vessels | 572 | ||
| Constructing the Bypass | 573 | ||
| Staging and Stent-Graft | 573 | ||
| Special Considerations | 574 | ||
| Aortic Dissections | 574 | ||
| Combined Aortic Arch and Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm | 575 | ||
| Contained and Symptomatic Aneurysms | 575 | ||
| Spinal Protection | 575 | ||
| Postoperative Management | 576 | ||
| Results | 578 | ||
| Aortic Arch Debranching | 578 | ||
| Hybrid Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Repair | 580 | ||
| Summary | 581 | ||
| Review Questions | 581 | ||
| References | 582.e1 | ||
| 39 Fenestrated-Branched and Parallel Stent-Grafts for Endovascular Repair of Aortic Arch and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms | 583 | ||
| Abstract | 583.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 583.e1 | ||
| Introduction | 583 | ||
| Historical Perspectives | 583 | ||
| Indications | 583 | ||
| Definitions | 584 | ||
| Preoperative Assessment | 584 | ||
| Clinical Risk Evaluation | 584 | ||
| Medical Genetics Evaluation | 584 | ||
| Imaging Evaluation | 584 | ||
| Access | 585 | ||
| Sealing Zones | 585 | ||
| Side-Branch Involvement | 586 | ||
| Endovascular Techniques | 586 | ||
| Perioperative Measures | 587 | ||
| Hybrid Endovascular Rooms | 587 | ||
| Contrast Use and Radiation Safety | 587 | ||
| Positioning | 587 | ||
| Arterial Access | 588 | ||
| Intraoperative Anticoagulation | 588 | ||
| Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms | 588 | ||
| Specific Designs | 588 | ||
| Staging | 588 | ||
| Fenestrated and Branched Stent-Grafts | 588 | ||
| Multibranched Stent-Grafts | 594 | ||
| Physician-Modified Endovascular Grafts | 594 | ||
| Parallel Grafts | 597 | ||
| Aortic Arch Aneurysms | 600 | ||
| Specific Designs | 600 | ||
| Preparation and Setup | 600 | ||
| Subclavian Artery Revascularization | 600 | ||
| Arterial Access | 605 | ||
| Cook Inner Branch Arch Stent-Graft | 605 | ||
| Gore Thoracic Branch Endoprosthesis | 607 | ||
| Parallel Arch Stent-Grafts | 611 | ||
| Results | 612 | ||
| Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms | 612 | ||
| Fenestrated and Branched Stent-Grafts | 612 | ||
| Parallel Stent-Grafts | 616 | ||
| Aortic Arch Aneurysms | 616 | ||
| Fenestrated and Branched Stent-Grafts | 616 | ||
| Conclusion | 617 | ||
| References | 617.e1 | ||
| 40 Acute and Chronic Aortic Dissection | 618 | ||
| Abstract | 618.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 618.e1 | ||
| Introduction | 618 | ||
| Classification | 618 | ||
| Temporal Classification | 618 | ||
| Anatomic Classification | 618 | ||
| DeBakey Classification | 618 | ||
| Stanford Classification | 618 | ||
| Incidence and Survival Rates of Aortic Dissection | 619 | ||
| Pathophysiology of Aortic Dissection | 619 | ||
| Cystic Medial Degeneration | 619 | ||
| Aortic Wall Stress | 619 | ||
| Hypertension | 620 | ||
| Other Risk Factors | 620 | ||
| Genetics | 620 | ||
| Natural History of Aortic Dissection | 620 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 621 | ||
| Malperfusion Syndrome | 622 | ||
| Diagnostic Pitfalls | 622 | ||
| Diagnostic Imaging | 622 | ||
| Chest Radiography | 622 | ||
| Computed Tomography Angiography | 622 | ||
| Echocardiography | 623 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Angiography | 623 | ||
| Angiography | 623 | ||
| Management of Type a Aortic Dissection | 623 | ||
| Management of Acute Type B Aortic Dissection | 625 | ||
| Optimal Medical Treatment | 625 | ||
| Surgical Management of Complicated Acute Type B Aortic Dissection | 626 | ||
| Techniques of Endovascular Repair | 627 | ||
| Techniques of Endovascular Fenestration | 627 | ||
| Techniques of Open Surgical Repair | 628 | ||
| Management of Chronic Descending Thoracic Aortic Dissection | 629 | ||
| Medical Management | 629 | ||
| Endovascular Repair of Uncomplicated Type B Dissection | 629 | ||
| Endovascular Repair of Descending Thoracic Aortic Dissection-Related Aneurysmal Degeneration | 630 | ||
| Open Repair of Descending Thoracic Aorta Dissection-Related Aneurysmal Degeneration | 631 | ||
| Hybrid Repairs | 631 | ||
| Review Questions | 631 | ||
| References | 632.e1 | ||
| 41 Aneurysms of the Aorta and Iliac Arteries | 633 | ||
| Abstract | 633.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 633.e1 | ||
| Screening | 634 | ||
| Pathogenesis of Aortic Aneurysms | 635 | ||
| Aneurysm Enlargement | 637 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 638 | ||
| Diagnostic Methods | 639 | ||
| Imaging Modalities | 639 | ||
| Risk of Aneurysm Rupture | 641 | ||
| Risks of Surgical Treatment | 643 | ||
| Late Survival | 644 | ||
| Assessment of Cardiac Risk | 645 | ||
| Indications for Aneurysms of the Abdominal Aorta Repair | 646 | ||
| Operative Technique | 647 | ||
| Incision and Exposure | 647 | ||
| Aneurysm Repair | 648 | ||
| Repair of Ruptured Aneurysm | 649 | ||
| Complications of Aortic Aneurysm Repair | 650 | ||
| Unusual Problems Associated With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms | 652 | ||
| Saccular Aneurysms | 652 | ||
| Venous Anomalies | 652 | ||
| Inflammatory Aneurysm | 653 | ||
| Horseshoe Kidney | 653 | ||
| Associated Intraabdominal Pathology and Concomitant Surgical Procedures | 653 | ||
| Aortocaval Fistula | 654 | ||
| Mycotic Aortic Aneurysms | 654 | ||
| Iliac Artery Aneurysms | 656 | ||
| Open Versus Endovascular Repair | 657 | ||
| Review Questions | 657 | ||
| Bibliography | 658 | ||
| References | 658.e1 | ||
| 42 Endovascular Repair of Juxtarenal (Chimney), Infrarenal, and Iliac Artery Aneurysms | 659 | ||
| Abstract | 659.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 659.e1 | ||
| Patient Selection | 659 | ||
| Endovascular Treatment of Juxtarenal Aortic Aneurysms | 659 | ||
| Setting | 660 | ||
| Endovascular Stent-Graft Planning and Placement for Infrarenal Aortic Aneurysms | 660 | ||
| Endovascular Repair of Common and Internal Iliac Artery Aneurysms | 662 | ||
| Common Iliac Artery Aneurysms | 662 | ||
| Iliac Branch Devices | 663 | ||
| Internal Iliac Artery Aneurysms | 663 | ||
| Endovascular Repair of Juxtarenal Aortic Aneurysms | 663 | ||
| Encroachment Technique | 664 | ||
| Snorkel Technique | 665 | ||
| Postoperative Complications | 665 | ||
| Local | 665 | ||
| Systemic | 665 | ||
| Late Complications | 666 | ||
| Postoperative Surveillance | 667 | ||
| Midterm Outcomes | 668 | ||
| Review Questions | 668 | ||
| References | 669.e1 | ||
| 43 Open Surgical and Endovascular Management of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 670 | ||
| Keywords | 670.e1 | ||
| Open Surgical Management— Key Points | 670 | ||
| Crucial Diagnostic Triad | 670 | ||
| Other Diagnoses That Can Be Mimicked by a Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 670 | ||
| Strategies in Planning Operative Treatment | 670 | ||
| Key Technical Points for Open Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms | 671 | ||
| Endovascular Management | 672 | ||
| History | 672 | ||
| Theoretical Considerations | 672 | ||
| A Single-Center Experience | 672 | ||
| Collected World Experience | 673 | ||
| Why Are Results Variable? | 673 | ||
| Standard Approach or Protocol | 673 | ||
| Fluid Restriction (Hypotensive Hemostasis) | 673 | ||
| Treatment Site | 673 | ||
| Anesthesia and Catheter-Guidewire Placement | 673 | ||
| Supraceliac Aortic Sheath Placement and Balloon Control | 674 | ||
| Endograft Type and Configuration | 674 | ||
| Abdominal Compartment Syndrome | 674 | ||
| Endovascular Aneurysm Repair for Highest-Risk Patients | 674 | ||
| Are Further Randomized Controlled Comparisons of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Needed? | 674 | ||
| Review Questions | 674 | ||
| References | 674.e1 | ||
| 44 Laparoscopic Aortic Surgery for Aneurysm and Occlusive Disease | 675 | ||
| Key Words | 675.e1 | ||
| Introduction | 675 | ||
| Techniques | 675 | ||
| Laparoscopic Aortobifemoral Bypass | 675 | ||
| Laparoscopic Repair of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 676 | ||
| Hybrid Remodeling Techniques Post–Endovascular Aneurysm Repair | 677 | ||
| Advantages of Laparoscopic Procedures | 678 | ||
| Exclusion Criteria and Disadvantages of the Laparoscopic Approach | 678 | ||
| Laparoscopy in the Context of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair and Open Surgery | 678 | ||
| Learning Curve | 679 | ||
| Lack of Randomized Controlled Trials | 679 | ||
| Conclusion | 679 | ||
| Review Questions | 680 | ||
| References | 680.e1 | ||
| 45 Building a Hybrid Operating Suite Including Robotic Capability | 681 | ||
| Abstract | 681.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 681.e1 | ||
| Planning a Hybrid Room | 681 | ||
| Do You Need a Hybrid Room? | 681 | ||
| Where Should You Build the Hybrid Room? | 682 | ||
| Understanding the Finances | 682 | ||
| Planning for Construction | 683 | ||
| Learning From Experience | 683 | ||
| Designing the Hybrid Room | 684 | ||
| The Imaging System | 684 | ||
| Table Considerations | 684 | ||
| Staffing | 684 | ||
| The Control Room | 685 | ||
| Video Transmission | 685 | ||
| Utilization | 685 | ||
| Robotics in the Hybrid Room | 685 | ||
| Future Directions | 685 | ||
| Conclusion | 686 | ||
| Review Questions | 686 | ||
| References | 686.e1 | ||
| 46 Splanchnic and Renal Artery Aneurysms | 687 | ||
| Abstract | 687.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 687.e1 | ||
| Splanchnic Artery Aneurysms | 687 | ||
| Splenic Artery Aneurysms | 687 | ||
| Hepatic Artery Aneurysms | 690 | ||
| Superior Mesenteric Artery Aneurysms | 692 | ||
| Celiac Artery Aneurysms | 693 | ||
| Gastric and Gastroepiploic Artery Aneurysms | 693 | ||
| Jejunal, Ileal, and Colic Artery Aneurysms | 694 | ||
| Pancreaticoduodenal and Gastroduodenal Artery Aneurysms | 694 | ||
| Renal Artery Aneurysms | 696 | ||
| True Renal Artery Aneurysms | 696 | ||
| Renal Artery Dissection | 697 | ||
| Review Questions | 698 | ||
| Bibliography | 699 | ||
| References | 699.e1 | ||
| 47 Aneurysms of the Peripheral Arteries | 700 | ||
| Abstract | 700.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 700.e1 | ||
| Peripheral Aneurysms | 700 | ||
| Femoral Artery Aneurysms | 700 | ||
| Incidence and Cause | 700 | ||
| Natural History | 700 | ||
| Diagnosis | 701 | ||
| Indications for Aneurysm Repair | 701 | ||
| Treatment | 701 | ||
| Outcomes | 702 | ||
| Popliteal Artery Aneurysms | 702 | ||
| Incidence and Cause | 702 | ||
| Natural History | 703 | ||
| Diagnosis | 703 | ||
| Indications for Aneurysm Repair | 703 | ||
| Treatment | 703 | ||
| Outcomes | 705 | ||
| Infrapopliteal Aneurysm | 707 | ||
| 5 Venous Disease | 740 | ||
| 49 Venous Thromboembolic Disease | 740 | ||
| Pathophysiology of Venous Thrombosis | 740 | ||
| Epidemiology | 741 | ||
| Biomarkers | 741 | ||
| Risk Factors | 741 | ||
| Age | 741 | ||
| Immobilization | 741 | ||
| Travel | 742 | ||
| History of Venous Thromboembolism | 742 | ||
| Obesity | 743 | ||
| Malignancy | 743 | ||
| Surgery | 743 | ||
| Trauma | 743 | ||
| Inherited Thrombophilia | 743 | ||
| Pregnancy | 744 | ||
| Oral Contraceptives and Hormonal Therapy | 744 | ||
| Central Venous Catheters | 744 | ||
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 744 | ||
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 744 | ||
| Initial Anticoagulation for Venous Thromboembolic Disease Treatment | 744 | ||
| Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins | 745 | ||
| Vitamin K Antagonists | 745 | ||
| Fondaparinux | 745 | ||
| Dabigatran | 746 | ||
| Apixaban | 746 | ||
| Rivaroxaban | 746 | ||
| Edoxaban | 746 | ||
| Future Anticoagulants | 746 | ||
| Duration of Anticoagulation | 746 | ||
| Vein Wall Abnormalities After Deep Venous Thrombosis | 748 | ||
| Definition of Postthrombotic Syndrome and Diagnosis | 748 | ||
| Prevention of Postthrombotic Syndrome by Preventing Deep Venous Thrombosis | 749 | ||
| Primary Deep Venous Thrombosis | 749 | ||
| Recurrent Deep Venous Thrombosis | 749 | ||
| Identifying Patients at Risk of Recurrent Deep Venous Thrombosis | 749 | ||
| Compression and Ambulation for Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis to Decrease Postthrombotic Syndrome | 749 | ||
| Active Thrombus Removal to Decrease Postthrombotic Syndrome | 749 | ||
| Other Consideration for Postthrombotic Syndrome | 750 | ||
| Pharmacologic Interventions | 750 | ||
| Deep System Reconstruction | 750 | ||
| Biomarkers | 750 | ||
| Endothelial Protection | 751 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment of Superficial Thrombophlebitis | 751 | ||
| Inferior Vena Caval Interruption | 752 | ||
| Inferior Vena Cava Filter Devices | 753 | ||
| Retrievable Optional Filters | 753 | ||
| Review Questions | 755 | ||
| Bibliography | 756 | ||
| References | 756.e1 | ||
| 50 Thrombolysis and Mechanical Thrombectomy for Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism | 757 | ||
| Abstract | 757.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 757.e1 | ||
| Introduction | 757 | ||
| Acute Iliofemoral Venous Thrombosis | 757 | ||
| Natural History Studies | 758 | ||
| Venous Thrombectomy | 759 | ||
| 6 Complications in Vascular Surgery | 858 | ||
| 58 Neointimal Hyperplasia | 858 | ||
| Abstract | 858.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 858.e1 | ||
| Pathology | 858 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 859 | ||
| Hemodynamic and Mechanical Factors | 860 | ||
| Platelets | 862 | ||
| Inflammatory Cells | 862 | ||
| Growth Factors | 866 | ||
| Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Pathways | 866 | ||
| Nitric Oxide | 867 | ||
| Reactive Oxygen Species | 868 | ||
| Stem and Progenitor Cells | 870 | ||
| Adiponectin and Periadventitial Adipose Tissue | 871 | ||
| Vasa Vasorum | 872 | ||
| Conclusion | 873 | ||
| Review Questions | 873 | ||
| References | 874.e1 | ||
| 59 Prosthetic Graft Infection | 875 | ||
| Abstract | 875.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 875.e1 | ||
| Incidence | 875 | ||
| Classification | 875 | ||
| Microbiology | 875 | ||
| Cause and Pathophysiology | 876 | ||
| Intraoperative Contamination | 876 | ||
| Hematogenous Spread | 876 | ||
| Direct Contamination | 876 | ||
| Prevention | 877 | ||
| Diagnosis | 878 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 878 | ||
| Laboratory Studies | 878 | ||
| Imaging | 878 | ||
| Ultrasonography | 879 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 879 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 880 | ||
| Angiography | 880 | ||
| White Blood Cell Scanning | 880 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Endoscopy | 880 | ||
| Management of Graft Infection: General Principles | 881 | ||
| Preoperative Preparation | 881 | ||
| Antibiotic Therapy | 881 | ||
| Revascularization | 881 | ||
| Graft Excision | 881 | ||
| Debridement | 883 | ||
| Treatment of Specific Graft Site Infections | 883 | ||
| Aortic Grafts | 883 | ||
| Aortoiliac and Aortic Interposition Grafts | 883 | ||
| Aortobifemoral Grafts | 885 | ||
| Femoropopliteal Bypass Grafts | 887 | ||
| Endovascular Stent-Grafts | 888 | ||
| Conclusions | 889 | ||
| Review Questions | 889 | ||
| References | 889.e1 | ||
| 60 Noninfectious Complications in Vascular Surgery | 890 | ||
| Abstract | 890.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 890.e1 | ||
| Aortoiliac Surgery | 890 | ||
| Perioperative Bleeding | 890 | ||
| Operative Bleeding | 890 | ||
| Postoperative Bleeding | 892 | ||
| Thrombosis | 895 | ||
| Lytic Therapy for Graft Thrombosis | 899 | ||
| Mechanical Thrombectomy | 900 | ||
| Atheroembolism | 901 | ||
| Preoperative Embolism | 901 | ||
| Intraoperative Embolism | 901 | ||
| Declamping Hypotension | 902 | ||
| Acute Renal Failure | 902 | ||
| Intestinal Ischemia | 904 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Complications | 907 | ||
| Abdominal Compartment Syndrome | 908 | ||
| Abdominal Wall Hernias | 908 | ||
| Chylous Ascites | 909 | ||
| Spinal Cord Ischemia | 910 | ||
| Ureteral Injury and Obstruction | 911 | ||
| Impotence | 912 | ||
| Retrograde Ejaculation | 913 | ||
| Anastomotic False Aneurysm | 914 | ||
| Recurrent Anastomotic Aneurysm | 915 | ||
| Infrainguinal Arterial Reconstruction | 915 | ||
| Bleeding | 916 | ||
| Thrombosis | 916 | ||
| Wound Complications | 920 | ||
| Graft Surveillance | 921 | ||
| Vein Grafts | 921 | ||
| Graft Dilatation | 923 | ||
| Dacron Grafts | 923 | ||
| Umbilical Vein | 923 | ||
| Polytetrafluoroethylene | 924 | ||
| Edema | 924 | ||
| Lymphoceles and Lymph Leaks | 925 | ||
| Review Questions | 925 | ||
| References | 926.e1 | ||
| 61 Management of Complications After Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair | 927 | ||
| Early Complications | 927 | ||
| Access | 927 | ||
| Iliac Artery Complications | 927 | ||
| Acute Neck Complications | 930 | ||
| Late Complications | 932 | ||
| Endoleak | 932 | ||
| Branched or Fenestrated Endografts | 936 | ||
| Limb Occlusion | 936 | ||
| Graft Infection | 936 | ||
| Open Conversion | 936 | ||
| Conclusions | 937 | ||
| Bibliography | 937 | ||
| References | 937.e1 | ||
| 7 Miscellaneous Topics | 938 | ||
| 62 Diabetic Foot Complications | 938 | ||
| Abstract | 938.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 938.e1 | ||
| Pathogenesis and Presentation of Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Infections | 938 | ||
| Role of the Surgeon in the Early Management of Diabetic Foot Infections | 939 | ||
| Operative Treatment of Deep Soft Tissue Infections of the Foot | 940 | ||
| Role of the Vascular Surgeon | 940 | ||
| Early and Late Follow-Up After Revascularization and/or Reconstruction | 941 | ||
| Review Questions | 941 | ||
| References | 941.e1 | ||
| 63 The Wound Care Center and Limb Salvage | 942 | ||
| Normal Wound Healing | 942 | ||
| Acute Wounds | 942 | ||
| Hemostasis | 942 | ||
| Inflammation | 942 | ||
| Proliferation | 943 | ||
| Remodeling | 944 | ||
| Chronic Wounds | 944 | ||
| Assessment of Wound Healing Capability | 944 | ||
| Patient Assessment | 945 | ||
| Assessment of Wound Characteristics | 945 | ||
| Diagnostic Studies for the Nonhealing Wound | 945 | ||
| Treatment of Nonhealing Wounds | 946 | ||
| Elimination of Edema | 946 | ||
| Debridement | 946 | ||
| Autolytic Debridement | 946 | ||
| Enzymatic Debridement | 948 | ||
| Mechanical Debridement | 948 | ||
| Biosurgical Debridement | 949 | ||
| Sharp Debridement | 949 | ||
| Treatment of Infection | 949 | ||
| Management of the Exudate | 949 | ||
| Dressing the Nonhealing Wound | 950 | ||
| Growth Factors | 950 | ||
| Tissue Transfer | 951 | ||
| Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy | 952 | ||
| Vacuum-Assisted Closure | 952 | ||
| New Therapies for Nonhealing Wounds | 952 | ||
| Organization of a Wound Care Program | 952 | ||
| Personnel | 953 | ||
| Facility | 953 | ||
| Revascularization in Patients With Nonhealing Wounds | 953 | ||
| Options for Revascularization | 953 | ||
| Nonrevascularization | 953 | ||
| Angioplasty | 953 | ||
| Bypass | 954 | ||
| Conclusion | 955 | ||
| Review Questions | 955 | ||
| References | 955.e1 | ||
| 64 Lower Extremity Amputation | 956 | ||
| Abstract | 956.e1 | ||
| Keywords | 956.e1 | ||
| Overview and Historical Perspective | 956 | ||
| Patient Evaluation and Preparation for Amputation | 956 | ||
| Acute Ischemia | 957 | ||
| Progressive Chronic Ischemia | 958 | ||
| Gangrene Complicated by Infection | 959 | ||
| Amputation for Trauma | 960 | ||
| Determination of Amputation Level | 960 | ||
| Lower Extremity Amputation Levels | 964 | ||
| Toe Amputation | 964 | ||
| Indications | 964 | ||
| Contraindications | 964 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 964 | ||
| Advantages and Disadvantages | 964 | ||
| Rehabilitation Potential | 965 | ||
| Ray Amputation | 965 | ||
| Indications | 965 | ||
| Contraindications | 965 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 965 | ||
| Advantages and Disadvantages | 965 | ||
| Transmetatarsal Amputation | 966 | ||
| Indications | 966 | ||
| Contraindications | 966 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 966 | ||
| Advantages and Disadvantages | 966 | ||
| Answers | 1018 | ||
| Chapter 3 | 1018 | ||
| Chapter 4 | 1018 | ||
| Chapter 5 | 1018 | ||
| Chapter 6 | 1018 | ||
| Chapter 7 | 1018 | ||
| Chapter 8 | 1018 | ||
| Chapter 9 | 1018 | ||
| Chapter 10 | 1018 | ||
| Chapter 11 | 1019 | ||
| Chapter 13 | 1019 | ||
| Chapter 14 | 1019 | ||
| Chapter 15 | 1019 | ||
| Chapter 16 | 1019 | ||
| Chapter 17 | 1019 | ||
| Chapter 18 | 1019 | ||
| Chapter 19 | 1019 | ||
| Chapter 20 | 1019 | ||
| Chapter 21 | 1019 | ||
| Chapter 22 | 1020 | ||
| Chapter 23 | 1020 | ||
| Chapter 24 | 1020 | ||
| Chapter 25 | 1020 | ||
| Chapter 26 | 1020 | ||
| Chapter 27 | 1020 | ||
| Chapter 28 | 1020 | ||
| Chapter 29 | 1020 | ||
| Chapter 30 | 1020 | ||
| Chapter 31 | 1020 | ||
| Chapter 32 | 1021 | ||
| Chapter 33 | 1021 | ||
| Chapter 34 | 1021 | ||
| Chapter 35 | 1021 | ||
| Chapter 36 | 1021 | ||
| Chapter 37 | 1021 | ||
| Chapter 38 | 1022 | ||
| Chapter 40 | 1022 | ||
| Chapter 41 | 1022 | ||
| Chapter 42 | 1022 | ||
| Chapter 43 | 1022 | ||
| Chapter 44 | 1022 | ||
| Chapter 45 | 1022 | ||
| Chapter 46 | 1022 | ||
| Chapter 47 | 1023 | ||
| Chapter 48 | 1023 | ||
| Chapter 49 | 1023 | ||
| Chapter 50 | 1023 | ||
| Chapter 51 | 1023 | ||
| Chapter 52 | 1023 | ||
| Chapter 53 | 1023 | ||
| Chapter 54 | 1023 | ||
| Chapter 55 | 1023 | ||
| Chapter 56 | 1024 | ||
| Chapter 57 | 1024 | ||
| Chapter 58 | 1024 | ||
| Chapter 59 | 1024 | ||
| Chapter 60 | 1024 | ||
| Chapter 62 | 1024 | ||
| Chapter 63 | 1024 | ||
| Chapter 64 | 1025 | ||
| Chapter 65 | 1025 | ||
| Chapter 66 | 1025 | ||
| Chapter 67 | 1025 | ||
| Index | 1026 | ||
| A | 1026 | ||
| B | 1032 | ||
| C | 1034 | ||
| D | 1038 | ||
| E | 1040 | ||
| F | 1043 | ||
| G | 1044 | ||
| H | 1045 | ||
| I | 1048 | ||
| J | 1050 | ||
| K | 1050 | ||
| L | 1050 | ||
| M | 1052 | ||
| N | 1053 | ||
| O | 1054 | ||
| P | 1055 | ||
| Q | 1059 | ||
| R | 1059 | ||
| S | 1060 | ||
| T | 1064 | ||
| U | 1066 | ||
| V | 1067 | ||
| W | 1070 | ||
| X | 1070 | ||
| Y | 1070 | ||
| Z | 1070 | ||
| Inside Back Cover | ibc1 |