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Book Details
Abstract
Using an easy-to-read, user-friendly format and hundreds of review questions that facilitate effective studying, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery: A Comprehensive Review, 9th Edition, contains the essential information you need for exam success and daily reference. Dr. Wesley Moore and a team of international experts cover everything from foundational concepts to the latest developments in the field, with each specialist providing a complete summary of a particular area of expertise. Extensive updates throughout the text keep you current with all that’s new in this rapidly expanding field.
- Features five new chapters: Congenital Arterial Malformations; Atherectomy and Arterial Closure Devices; Carotid Body Tumors; Building a Hybrid Operating Suite including Robotic Capability; and Management of Venous Leg Ulcers.
- Provides up-to-date coverage of the increasingly important role of endovascular intervention in the vascular surgeon’s practice.
- Details the latest medical management of vascular disease including treatment of hypertension, risk factor modification, and the use of anti-platelets, anti-coagulants, and statins.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Cover | cover | ||
Inside Front Cover | ifc1 | ||
Moore’s Vascular and Endovascular Surgery | i | ||
Copyright Page | ii | ||
Contributors | iii | ||
Preface to the Ninth Edition | x | ||
Preface to the First Edition | xi | ||
Table Of Contents | xiii | ||
1 Introduction | 1 | ||
1 A History of Vascular Surgery | 1 | ||
Prologue | 1 | ||
Successful Arterial Suture | 2 | ||
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms | 4 | ||
Development of Vascular Prostheses | 4 | ||
Modern Management of Aortic Aneurysms | 5 | ||
Peripheral Arterial Aneurysms | 6 | ||
Occlusive Arterial Disease | 6 | ||
Arterial Trauma | 9 | ||
Extracranial Cerebrovascular Arterial Occlusions | 9 | ||
Visceral Vascular Occlusions | 10 | ||
Extraanatomic Bypass and Vascular Infections | 11 | ||
Venous Surgery | 11 | ||
Highlights in Diagnostic Modalities | 12 | ||
Vascular Access Surgery | 13 | ||
Thoracic Outlet Syndromes | 14 | ||
Questions | 14 | ||
Bibliography | 15 | ||
References | 16.e1 | ||
2 Embryology of the Vascular System | 17 | ||
Keywords | 17.e1 | ||
Early History | 17 | ||
Heart | 19 | ||
Arteries | 20 | ||
Veins | 25 | ||
Growth of New Vessels | 29 | ||
References | 31.e1 | ||
2 General Principles | 32 | ||
3 Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology of the Vascular Wall | 32 | ||
Abstract | 32.e1 | ||
Keywords | 32.e1 | ||
Normal Anatomy | 32 | ||
Arterial Anatomy | 32 | ||
Venous Anatomy | 33 | ||
Acute Regulation of Blood Flow and Vessel Diameter | 34 | ||
Vasodilators | 34 | ||
Vasoconstrictors | 34 | ||
Long-Term Adaptations of the Arterial Wall | 35 | ||
Regulation of Medial and Intimal Thickening | 35 | ||
Arterial Stiffening | 37 | ||
Cell-Cell Communication Within the Vascular Wall | 37 | ||
Possible Therapies for Prevention of Restenosis | 38 | ||
Regulation of Hemostasis | 39 | ||
Summary | 40 | ||
Review Questions | 40 | ||
References | 40.e1 | ||
4 Anatomy and Surgical Exposure of the Vascular System | 41 | ||
Abstract | 41.e1 | ||
Keywords | 41.e1 | ||
General Principles | 41 | ||
Exposure of the Carotid Artery | 41 | ||
Exposure of the Vertebral Artery | 43 | ||
Exposure of the Aortic Arch | 46 | ||
Exposure of the Brachiocephalic Artery | 46 | ||
Exposure of the Right Subclavian Artery | 47 | ||
Exposure of the Proximal Common Carotid Arteries | 48 | ||
Exposure of the Left Subclavian Artery | 48 | ||
Exposure of the Descending Thoracic Aorta | 49 | ||
Exposure of the Superior Vena Cava | 49 | ||
Exposure of the Axillary Artery | 50 | ||
Exposure of the Brachial Artery | 51 | ||
Exposure of the Radial Artery | 51 | ||
Exposure of the Ulnar Artery | 52 | ||
Exposure of the Abdominal Aorta | 52 | ||
Transperitoneal Approaches | 52 | ||
Retroperitoneal Approaches | 54 | ||
Exposure of the Celiac Trunk | 54 | ||
Exposure of the Superior Mesenteric Artery | 55 | ||
Exposure of the Renal Arteries | 55 | ||
Exposure of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery | 56 | ||
Exposure of the Iliac Arteries | 56 | ||
Exposure of the Inferior Vena Cava | 57 | ||
Exposure of the Portal, Superior Mesenteric, and Splenic Veins | 58 | ||
Exposure of Common Femoral Artery | 58 | ||
Exposure of Deep Femoral Artery | 58 | ||
Exposure of Superficial Femoral Artery | 59 | ||
Exposure of Popliteal Artery | 59 | ||
Exposure of the Anterior Tibial Artery | 61 | ||
Exposure of the Posterior Tibial Artery | 61 | ||
Exposure of the Peroneal Artery | 62 | ||
Review Questions | 62 | ||
Bibliography | 63 | ||
References | 63.e1 | ||
5 Hemodynamics for the Vascular Surgeon | 64 | ||
Abstract | 64.e1 | ||
Keywords | 64.e1 | ||
Basic Principles of Arterial Hemodynamics | 64 | ||
Fluid Pressure | 64 | ||
Fluid Energy | 64 | ||
Fluid Energy Losses | 65 | ||
Bernoulli’s Principle | 65 | ||
Viscous Energy Losses and Poiseuille’s Law | 65 | ||
Inertial Energy Losses | 66 | ||
Vascular Resistance | 66 | ||
Blood Flow Patterns | 67 | ||
Laminar Flow | 67 | ||
Turbulent Flow | 68 | ||
Boundary Layer Separation | 68 | ||
Pulsatile Flow | 68 | ||
Bifurcations and Branches | 69 | ||
Tangential Stress and Tension | 69 | ||
The Properties of Arterial Walls in Specific Conditions | 70 | ||
Aging and atherosclerosis. | 70 | ||
Endarterectomy. | 70 | ||
Aneurysms. | 70 | ||
Hemodynamics of Arterial Stenosis | 71 | ||
Energy Losses | 71 | ||
Bruits and Poststenotic Dilatation | 71 | ||
Critical Arterial Stenosis | 71 | ||
Effect of Stenosis Length and Multiple Stenoses | 72 | ||
Arterial Flow Patterns in Human Limbs | 73 | ||
Collateral Circulation | 73 | ||
Distribution of Vascular Resistance and Blood Flow | 73 | ||
Arterial Pulses and Waveforms | 74 | ||
Pressure and Flow in Normal Limbs | 74 | ||
Pressure and Flow in Limbs With Arterial Obstruction | 74 | ||
Vascular Steal | 75 | ||
Multiple-Level Occlusive Disease | 75 | ||
Subclavian Steal Syndrome | 76 | ||
Extraanatomic Bypass Grafts | 76 | ||
Hemodynamic Principles and the Treatment of Arterial Disease | 76 | ||
Direct Arterial Intervention | 76 | ||
Vasodilators | 77 | ||
Sympathectomy | 77 | ||
Rheologic Agents | 77 | ||
Hemodynamics of the Venous System | 77 | ||
Normal Pressure and Flow Relationships | 78 | ||
Resting Venous Pressure | 78 | ||
Pressure Changes During Exercise | 79 | ||
Venous Flow Patterns | 79 | ||
Abnormal Pressure and Flow Relationships | 80 | ||
Hemodynamic Principles and the Treatment of Venous Disease | 82 | ||
Conclusion | 82 | ||
Review Questions | 83 | ||
Bibliography | 83 | ||
References | 84.e1 | ||
6 Hemostasis and Thrombosis | 85 | ||
Abstract | 85.e1 | ||
Keywords | 85.e1 | ||
Introduction | 85 | ||
Hemostasis | 85 | ||
Components of Hemostasis | 85 | ||
Vessel Response | 85 | ||
Platelet Activation | 85 | ||
Fibrin Formation | 87 | ||
Coagulation Inhibition | 87 | ||
Fibrinolysis. | 88 | ||
Preoperative Evaluation | 88 | ||
Clinical Evaluation | 88 | ||
Laboratory Screening | 88 | ||
Platelet Disorders | 89 | ||
Qualitative Disorders of Platelet Function | 90 | ||
Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis | 90 | ||
Congenital Disorders | 90 | ||
Acquired Disorders | 91 | ||
Management of Anticoagulation | 92 | ||
Treatment Strategies for Vitamin K Antagonist–Associated Bleeding | 92 | ||
Treatment Strategies for Direct Oral Anticoagulant-Associated Bleeding | 93 | ||
Perioperative Management | 93 | ||
Thrombosis | 95 | ||
Prothrombotic Conditions | 95 | ||
Inherited Prothrombotic Conditions | 95 | ||
Acquired Prothrombotic Conditions | 96 | ||
Indications and Timing for Thrombophilia Screening | 98 | ||
Venous Thromboembolism | 98 | ||
Arterial Thromboembolism | 99 | ||
Caveats in Management of Thrombosis and Thrombophilia | 100 | ||
Review Questions | 102 | ||
Bibliography | 103 | ||
References | 103.e1 | ||
7 Atherosclerosis | 104 | ||
Abstract | 104.e1 | ||
Keywords | 104.e1 | ||
Pathology | 104 | ||
General Concepts | 104 | ||
Fatty Streaks | 105 | ||
Endothelium | 107 | ||
Media | 107 | ||
Macrophages | 107 | ||
Gelatinous Plaques | 107 | ||
Fibrous Plaques | 107 | ||
Complicated Plaques | 108 | ||
Theories of Atherogenesis | 108 | ||
Lipid Hypothesis | 108 | ||
Thrombogenic Hypothesis | 108 | ||
Mesenchymal Hypothesis: Hemodynamic Effects | 109 | ||
Monoclonal Hypothesis: Smooth Muscle Proliferation | 109 | ||
Response-to-Injury Hypothesis | 109 | ||
Lesion Arrest or Regression | 110 | ||
Medical Management | 111 | ||
General Considerations | 111 | ||
Clinical Management | 112 | ||
Drug Therapy for Hyperlipidemia | 112 | ||
Control of Associated Risk Factors | 112 | ||
Cigarette Smoking | 112 | ||
Hypertension | 113 | ||
Exercise | 113 | ||
Diabetes | 113 | ||
Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress | 114 | ||
Iron Hypothesis | 114 | ||
Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Therapy | 115 | ||
Vasoactive Drugs | 116 | ||
Future Directions and Perspectives | 116 | ||
Atherosclerosis and Infection | 116 | ||
Proteinomics | 116 | ||
Iron Metabolism | 116 | ||
Comprehensive Risk Reduction Programs | 116 | ||
Gut Microbiome | 117 | ||
New Pharmacologic Agents | 117 | ||
Summary | 117 | ||
Review Questions | 118 | ||
References | 118.e1 | ||
8 Nonatherosclerotic Vascular Disease | 119 | ||
Abstract | 119.e1 | ||
Keywords | 119.e1 | ||
Vasospastic Disorders | 119 | ||
Systemic Vasculitis | 122 | ||
Large Vessel Vasculitis | 123 | ||
Giant Cell Arteritis Group | 123 | ||
Systemic giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis). | 124 | ||
Takayasu disease. | 124 | ||
Radiation-Induced Arterial Damage | 125 | ||
Medium Vessel Vasculitis | 126 | ||
Polyarteritis Nodosa | 126 | ||
Kawasaki Disease | 126 | ||
Drug Abuse Arteritis | 128 | ||
Behçet Disease | 128 | ||
Cogan Syndrome | 129 | ||
Small Vessel Vasculitis | 130 | ||
Hypersensitivity Vasculitis Group | 130 | ||
Vasculitis of Connective Tissue Diseases | 130 | ||
Vasculitis Associated With Malignancy | 131 | ||
Buerger Disease | 131 | ||
Heritable Arteriopathies | 133 | ||
Marfan Syndrome | 133 | ||
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome | 134 | ||
Cystic Medial Necrosis | 134 | ||
Loeys-Dietz Syndrome | 135 | ||
Neurofibromatosis | 135 | ||
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum | 135 | ||
Arteria Magna Syndrome | 136 | ||
Congenital Conditions Affecting the Arteries | 136 | ||
Abdominal Coarctation | 136 | ||
Persistent Sciatic Artery | 137 | ||
Popliteal Entrapment Syndromes | 138 | ||
Fibromuscular Dysplasia | 139 | ||
Cystic Adventitial Disease | 141 | ||
External Iliac Endofibrosis | 141 | ||
Compartment Syndrome | 141 | ||
Review Questions | 144 | ||
Bibliography | 145 | ||
Selected References | 145 | ||
References | 145.e1 | ||
9 Venous Vascular Malformations | 146 | ||
Abstract | 146.e1 | ||
Keywords | 146.e1 | ||
Historical Notes | 146 | ||
Definition of Vascular Malformations and Vascular Tumors | 146 | ||
Development of the Vascular System | 146 | ||
Classification | 147 | ||
Genetics | 149 | ||
Incidence | 150 | ||
Clinical Presentation and Physical Exam | 150 | ||
Imaging Studies | 152 | ||
Treatment | 152 | ||
Indications | 152 | ||
Conservative Treatment | 153 | ||
Embolization | 153 | ||
Sclerotherapy | 154 | ||
Laser Treatment | 154 | ||
Surgical Excision | 154 | ||
Recommendation of Invasive Treatment of Venous Vascular Malformations | 155 | ||
Complex Malformations | 155 | ||
Klippel–Trenaunay Syndrome | 155 | ||
Conclusions | 155 | ||
Review Questions | 156 | ||
Bibliography | 156 | ||
References | 156.e1 | ||
10 Congenital Arterial Malformations | 157 | ||
Keywords | 157.e1 | ||
Definition, Incidence, and Clinical Significance | 157 | ||
Development of the Vascular System | 157 | ||
Historical Background and Classification | 158 | ||
Extratruncular Arteriovenous Malformations | 158 | ||
Natural History and Clinical Presentation | 158 | ||
Genetic Basis | 160 | ||
Evaluation and Diagnostic Imaging | 160 | ||
General Treatment Principles | 162 | ||
Treatment Indications and Timing | 162 | ||
Surgical Treatment | 163 | ||
Embolization | 163 | ||
Combined Treatment | 165 | ||
Truncular Arterial Malformations | 167 | ||
Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery | 167 | ||
Right-Sided Aortic Arch | 167 | ||
Aortic Ring | 167 | ||
Persistent Sciatic Artery | 168 | ||
Aortic Coarctation | 168 | ||
Mid-Aortic Syndrome | 169 | ||
Conclusions | 170 | ||
Review Questions | 170 | ||
Selected References | 171 | ||
References | 171.e1 | ||
11 Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Vascular Disease Management | 172 | ||
Abstract | 172.e1 | ||
Keywords | 172.e1 | ||
Introduction | 172 | ||
Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy | 172 | ||
Clinical Significance of Graft Infection | 172 | ||
Principles of Antibiotic Prophylaxis | 172 | ||
Bacteriology of Graft Infection | 173 | ||
Pathogenesis of Graft Infection | 174 | ||
Skin Flora | 175 | ||
Gastrointestinal Flora | 175 | ||
Arterial Colonization | 175 | ||
Hematogenous and Lymphatogenous Seeding | 176 | ||
Other Local and Systemic Factors | 176 | ||
Experimental Investigations | 176 | ||
Clinical Investigations | 176 | ||
Early Experience | 176 | ||
Prospective Trials | 177 | ||
Local Therapies | 177 | ||
Hemodialysis Access | 178 | ||
Major Limb Amputation | 178 | ||
Arterial Closure Devices | 178 | ||
Angiography, Inferior Vena Cava Filter | 178 | ||
Lower Extremity Superficial Venous Insufficiency Treatment | 179 | ||
Autologous Vein Graft Reconstruction of Lower Extremity | 179 | ||
Comparisons of Antibiotic Regimens | 179 | ||
Current Status of Antibiotic Prophylaxis | 179 | ||
Antibiotic Selection | 179 | ||
Resistant Bacteria | 181 | ||
Antibiotic Administration | 181 | ||
Primary Arterial Infections | 182 | ||
Historical Perspective | 182 | ||
Definitions | 182 | ||
Pathogenesis | 182 | ||
Oslerian Mycotic Aneurysms: Embolization of Infected Cardiac Vegetations | 182 | ||
Microbial Arteritis With Aneurysm Formation: Hematogenous Seeding | 182 | ||
Infected Aneurysms | 183 | ||
Arterial Injury With Contamination | 183 | ||
Arteritis From Contiguous Spread | 183 | ||
Other Forms of Arterial Infection | 183 | ||
Causative Organisms | 184 | ||
Anatomic Distribution | 185 | ||
Clinical Presentation | 186 | ||
Diagnostic Testing | 186 | ||
Blood Cultures | 186 | ||
Arterial Cultures | 187 | ||
Molecular Diagnosis of Arterial Infection | 187 | ||
Nuclear Imaging: Tagged White Blood Cell Scans | 187 | ||
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 187 | ||
Angiography | 188 | ||
Hybrid Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomographic Scan | 188 | ||
Timing of Diagnosis | 188 | ||
Natural History | 188 | ||
Principles of Management | 189 | ||
Control of Sepsis | 189 | ||
Nonoperative Therapy | 189 | ||
Arterial Reconstruction | 189 | ||
Antibiotic-impregnated grafts. | 190 | ||
Vein grafts. | 190 | ||
Human allografts. | 190 | ||
Extraanatomic Reconstruction | 190 | ||
In situ reconstruction. | 190 | ||
In situ reconstruction with graft. | 190 | ||
In situ reconstruction with biological grafts. | 191 | ||
In situ reconstruction: endovascular repair. | 191 | ||
Management of Mycotic Aneurysms According to Location | 192 | ||
Thoracic Aneurysms | 192 | ||
Suprarenal Aneurysms | 192 | ||
Infected Femoral Pseudoaneurysms | 192 | ||
Mesenteric Artery Infections | 193 | ||
Arterial Infections of the Upper Extremity | 193 | ||
Conclusions | 193 | ||
Chronic Suppression Therapy | 193 | ||
Summation | 194 | ||
Review Questions | 194 | ||
References | 195.e1 | ||
12 Patterns of Diabetic Vascular Disease | 196 | ||
Abstract | 196.e1 | ||
Introduction | 196 | ||
Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus and Vascular Disease | 196 | ||
Pathophysiology of Vascular Disease and Diabetes Mellitus | 196 | ||
Arteriographic Patterns of Vascular Disease in Diabetes Mellitus | 197 | ||
Distribution of Foot Wounds in Diabetic Vascular Disease | 197 | ||
Patterns of Foot Infections in Diabetic Vascular Disease | 198 | ||
Microbiology of Diabetic Foot Ulceration | 198 | ||
Osteomyelitis Complicating Diabetic Foot Infection | 199 | ||
Patterns of Health-Related Quality of Life and Diabetic Vascular Disease | 199 | ||
Common Presentations of Diabetic Vascular Disease | 199 | ||
Predicting Patterns of Wound Healing and Amputation in Diabetic Vascular Disease | 200 | ||
Patterns of Care for Diabetic Vascular Disease | 201 | ||
Trends in Cost of Care of Diabetic Foot Ulcerations | 201 | ||
Conclusions | 201 | ||
References | 201.e1 | ||
13 Medical Management of Vascular Disease―Including Pharmacology of Drugs Used in Vascular Disease Management | 202 | ||
Abstract | 202.e1 | ||
Keywords | 202.e1 | ||
Introduction | 202 | ||
Atherosclerosis—Basic Principles and Medical Management | 202 | ||
Risk Factors for Atherosclerotic Disease and Modification Strategies | 202 | ||
Smoking | 202 | ||
Diabetes Mellitus | 202 | ||
Hypertension | 203 | ||
Dyslipidemia | 203 | ||
Metabolic Syndrome | 204 | ||
Emerging Novel Risk Factors | 204 | ||
Surveillance and Secondary Prevention | 205 | ||
Pharmacology of Drugs Used in the Management of Vascular Disease (Table 13.1) | 205 | ||
Anticoagulants | 205 | ||
Heparin | 205 | ||
Structure and mechanism of action. | 205 | ||
Clinical use. | 205 | ||
Adverse reactions. | 205 | ||
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. | 205 | ||
Protamine | 208 | ||
3 Arterial Occlusive Disease | 259 | ||
16 Vascular Grafts | 259 | ||
Abstract | 259.e1 | ||
Keywords | 259.e1 | ||
Autologous Vein | 259 | ||
Saphenous Vein | 259 | ||
Arm Vein | 260 | ||
Femoral Vein | 261 | ||
Autologous Artery | 261 | ||
Prosthetic Grafts | 261 | ||
Biological Grafts | 262 | ||
Tissue-Engineered Grafts | 262 | ||
Endovascular Stent-Grafts | 263 | ||
Review Questions | 263 | ||
References | 263.e1 | ||
17 Introduction to Endovascular Surgery | 264 | ||
Abstract | 264.e1 | ||
Keywords | 264.e1 | ||
Gaining Arterial Access | 264 | ||
Essential Tools | 264 | ||
Vessel Dilators | 264 | ||
Introducer Sheaths With Hemostasis Valves | 264 | ||
Guidewires | 265 | ||
Stainless Steel Guidewires | 265 | ||
Hydrophilic Guidewires | 266 | ||
Catheters | 266 | ||
Diagnostic and Guide Catheters | 266 | ||
Simple and Complex Curve Catheters | 266 | ||
Angioplasty | 267 | ||
Balloon Catheter Characteristics | 267 | ||
Advances in Balloon Construction | 267 | ||
Ideal Balloon Catheter | 267 | ||
Stents | 268 | ||
Balloon-Expandable Stents | 268 | ||
Self-Expanding Stents | 268 | ||
Stent Considerations | 269 | ||
Conclusion | 269 | ||
Review Questions | 269 | ||
References | 270.e1 | ||
18 Atherectomy and Arterial Closure Devices | 271 | ||
Abstract | 271.e1 | ||
Keywords | 271.e1 | ||
Atherectomy Devices | 271 | ||
Introduction | 271 | ||
History | 271 | ||
Overview of Atherectomy Data | 271 | ||
Devices (Table 18.1) | 271 | ||
Directional Atherectomy | 271 | ||
SilverHawk, TurboHawk, HawkOne Plaque Excision System (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota) | 271 | ||
Results. | 272 | ||
Complications. | 273 | ||
Indications and ideal lesions. | 274 | ||
Orbital Atherectomy | 274 | ||
Diamondback (CSI, St. Paul, Minnesota) | 274 | ||
Results. | 275 | ||
Complications. | 275 | ||
Indications and ideal lesions. | 275 | ||
Rotational Atherectomy | 275 | ||
Jetstream (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts) | 275 | ||
Results and complications. | 275 | ||
Indications and ideal lesions. | 276 | ||
Laser Atherectomy | 276 | ||
CVX-300 Excimer Laser (Spectranetics, Colorado Springs, Colorado) | 276 | ||
Results. | 276 | ||
Complications. | 276 | ||
Indications and ideal lesions. | 277 | ||
Follow-Up After Atherectomy | 277 | ||
Atherectomy as an Adjunct for Challenging Lesions | 277 | ||
Arterial Closure Devices | 277 | ||
Introduction | 277 | ||
Devices | 278 | ||
Suture closure | 278 | ||
Perclose A-T and Perclose ProGlide. | 278 | ||
Prostar Xl. | 278 | ||
Mechanical nonsuture closure | 278 | ||
StarClose SE. | 278 | ||
Extravascular sealant | 278 | ||
Cordis Mynxgrip and Mynx Ace. | 278 | ||
Cordis Exoseal. | 279 | ||
Cardiva Vascade. | 279 | ||
Intravascular sealant | 279 | ||
St. Jude Angio-Seal. | 279 | ||
Morris FISH CombiClose and ControlClose. | 279 | ||
Manual compression assistance | 279 | ||
Cardiva Catalyst II and III. | 279 | ||
Self-sealing access | 280 | ||
Arstasis Axera Access. | 280 | ||
Complications | 280 | ||
Hemorrhagic | 280 | ||
Ischemic | 280 | ||
Infectious | 280 | ||
Conclusions | 281 | ||
Review Questions | 281 | ||
Bibliography | 281 | ||
References | 281.e1 | ||
19 Extracranial Cerebrovascular Disease | 282 | ||
Abstract | 282.e1 | ||
Keywords | 282.e1 | ||
Historical Review | 282 | ||
Natural History of Extracranial Arterial Occlusive Disease | 283 | ||
Pathology of Extracranial Arterial Occlusive Disease | 286 | ||
Atherosclerosis | 286 | ||
Fibromuscular Dysplasia | 287 | ||
Coils and Kinks | 288 | ||
Aneurysms | 288 | ||
Takayasu Arteritis | 289 | ||
Radiation Therapy Injury | 290 | ||
Recurrent Carotid Stenosis | 291 | ||
Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Transient Ischemic Attacks and Cerebral Infarction | 292 | ||
Arterial Thrombosis | 292 | ||
Flow-Related Ischemic Events | 293 | ||
Cerebral Emboli | 293 | ||
Lacunar Infarction | 295 | ||
Clinical Syndromes of Extracranial Arterial Occlusive Disease | 295 | ||
Transient Ischemic Attacks | 296 | ||
General Considerations | 296 | ||
Carotid Artery Transient Ischemic Attacks | 296 | ||
Vertebrobasilar System Transient Ischemic Attacks | 297 | ||
Cerebral Infarction | 297 | ||
Role of the Vascular Laboratory | 297 | ||
Asymptomatic Patients | 297 | ||
Symptomatic Patients | 297 | ||
Brain Scans and Angiography | 298 | ||
Surgical Considerations and Technique | 299 | ||
Anesthesia and Hemodynamic Monitoring | 299 | ||
Carotid Bifurcation Endarterectomy | 299 | ||
Indications | 299 | ||
Technique | 300 | ||
Internal Carotid Artery Dilatation | 302 | ||
4 Arterial Aneurysm Disease | 540 | ||
36 Descending Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms | 540 | ||
Natural History | 540 | ||
Pathology and Etiology | 541 | ||
Clinical Manifestation | 542 | ||
Diagnosis | 542 | ||
Thoracic Aneurysm Classification | 543 | ||
Preoperative Evaluation | 543 | ||
Surgical Technique | 544 | ||
Immediate Spinal Neurologic Deficit | 549 | ||
Delayed Spinal Neurologic Deficit and Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage | 550 | ||
Postoperative Renal Failure | 551 | ||
Postoperative Gastrointestinal Complications | 551 | ||
Survival | 551 | ||
Aneurysms Associated With Type B Aortic Dissection | 552 | ||
Ruptured Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms | 552 | ||
Conclusion | 552 | ||
Review Questions | 552 | ||
References | 553.e1 | ||
37 Endovascular Repair of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm | 554 | ||
Abstract | 554.e1 | ||
Keywords | 554.e1 | ||
Indications for Thoracic Endovascular Repair | 554 | ||
Preoperative Planning: Imaging | 554 | ||
Anatomic Considerations | 555 | ||
Sizing | 555 | ||
Access | 555 | ||
Landing Zones | 555 | ||
Management of the Left Subclavian Artery | 556 | ||
Management of the Celiac Axis | 557 | ||
Stent-Graft Description | 557 | ||
Gore C-TAG | 557 | ||
Medtronic Valiant | 558 | ||
Cook TX2 With Pro-Form and Zenith Alpha | 558 | ||
Bolton Relay | 559 | ||
Operative Technique and Deployment | 559 | ||
Investigational Devices | 560 | ||
Results | 561 | ||
Early Results | 561 | ||
Technical Success | 561 | ||
Mortality | 561 | ||
Neurologic Complications | 561 | ||
Vascular Complications | 562 | ||
Endoleaks | 562 | ||
Late Results | 562 | ||
Late Survival | 562 | ||
Migration | 563 | ||
Sac Behavior and Aortic Rupture | 563 | ||
Stent-Graft Collapse | 563 | ||
Conclusion | 563 | ||
Review Questions | 563 | ||
Bibliography | 563 | ||
References | 564.e1 | ||
38 Combined Endovascular and Surgical (Hybrid) Approach to Aortic Arch and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Pathology | 565 | ||
Abstract | 565.e1 | ||
Keywords | 565.e1 | ||
Patient Selection | 565 | ||
Indications | 565 | ||
Anatomy Considerations | 565 | ||
Open Versus Hybrid Approach | 565 | ||
Aortic Arch Aneurysm | 565 | ||
Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm | 566 | ||
Contraindications | 567 | ||
Debranching the Aortic Arch | 567 | ||
Left Subclavian Artery | 567 | ||
Partial Arch Debranching | 568 | ||
Complete Arch Debranching | 568 | ||
Ascending Aorta Replacement With Complete Arch Debranching | 570 | ||
Staging and Stent-Graft | 570 | ||
Debranching Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms | 571 | ||
Origin of the Visceral Bypass Grafts | 571 | ||
Abdominal Debranching Techniques | 571 | ||
Exposure of the Visceral Vessels | 572 | ||
Constructing the Bypass | 573 | ||
Staging and Stent-Graft | 573 | ||
Special Considerations | 574 | ||
Aortic Dissections | 574 | ||
Combined Aortic Arch and Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm | 575 | ||
Contained and Symptomatic Aneurysms | 575 | ||
Spinal Protection | 575 | ||
Postoperative Management | 576 | ||
Results | 578 | ||
Aortic Arch Debranching | 578 | ||
Hybrid Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Repair | 580 | ||
Summary | 581 | ||
Review Questions | 581 | ||
References | 582.e1 | ||
39 Fenestrated-Branched and Parallel Stent-Grafts for Endovascular Repair of Aortic Arch and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms | 583 | ||
Abstract | 583.e1 | ||
Keywords | 583.e1 | ||
Introduction | 583 | ||
Historical Perspectives | 583 | ||
Indications | 583 | ||
Definitions | 584 | ||
Preoperative Assessment | 584 | ||
Clinical Risk Evaluation | 584 | ||
Medical Genetics Evaluation | 584 | ||
Imaging Evaluation | 584 | ||
Access | 585 | ||
Sealing Zones | 585 | ||
Side-Branch Involvement | 586 | ||
Endovascular Techniques | 586 | ||
Perioperative Measures | 587 | ||
Hybrid Endovascular Rooms | 587 | ||
Contrast Use and Radiation Safety | 587 | ||
Positioning | 587 | ||
Arterial Access | 588 | ||
Intraoperative Anticoagulation | 588 | ||
Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms | 588 | ||
Specific Designs | 588 | ||
Staging | 588 | ||
Fenestrated and Branched Stent-Grafts | 588 | ||
Multibranched Stent-Grafts | 594 | ||
Physician-Modified Endovascular Grafts | 594 | ||
Parallel Grafts | 597 | ||
Aortic Arch Aneurysms | 600 | ||
Specific Designs | 600 | ||
Preparation and Setup | 600 | ||
Subclavian Artery Revascularization | 600 | ||
Arterial Access | 605 | ||
Cook Inner Branch Arch Stent-Graft | 605 | ||
Gore Thoracic Branch Endoprosthesis | 607 | ||
Parallel Arch Stent-Grafts | 611 | ||
Results | 612 | ||
Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms | 612 | ||
Fenestrated and Branched Stent-Grafts | 612 | ||
Parallel Stent-Grafts | 616 | ||
Aortic Arch Aneurysms | 616 | ||
Fenestrated and Branched Stent-Grafts | 616 | ||
Conclusion | 617 | ||
References | 617.e1 | ||
40 Acute and Chronic Aortic Dissection | 618 | ||
Abstract | 618.e1 | ||
Keywords | 618.e1 | ||
Introduction | 618 | ||
Classification | 618 | ||
Temporal Classification | 618 | ||
Anatomic Classification | 618 | ||
DeBakey Classification | 618 | ||
Stanford Classification | 618 | ||
Incidence and Survival Rates of Aortic Dissection | 619 | ||
Pathophysiology of Aortic Dissection | 619 | ||
Cystic Medial Degeneration | 619 | ||
Aortic Wall Stress | 619 | ||
Hypertension | 620 | ||
Other Risk Factors | 620 | ||
Genetics | 620 | ||
Natural History of Aortic Dissection | 620 | ||
Clinical Presentation | 621 | ||
Malperfusion Syndrome | 622 | ||
Diagnostic Pitfalls | 622 | ||
Diagnostic Imaging | 622 | ||
Chest Radiography | 622 | ||
Computed Tomography Angiography | 622 | ||
Echocardiography | 623 | ||
Magnetic Resonance Angiography | 623 | ||
Angiography | 623 | ||
Management of Type a Aortic Dissection | 623 | ||
Management of Acute Type B Aortic Dissection | 625 | ||
Optimal Medical Treatment | 625 | ||
Surgical Management of Complicated Acute Type B Aortic Dissection | 626 | ||
Techniques of Endovascular Repair | 627 | ||
Techniques of Endovascular Fenestration | 627 | ||
Techniques of Open Surgical Repair | 628 | ||
Management of Chronic Descending Thoracic Aortic Dissection | 629 | ||
Medical Management | 629 | ||
Endovascular Repair of Uncomplicated Type B Dissection | 629 | ||
Endovascular Repair of Descending Thoracic Aortic Dissection-Related Aneurysmal Degeneration | 630 | ||
Open Repair of Descending Thoracic Aorta Dissection-Related Aneurysmal Degeneration | 631 | ||
Hybrid Repairs | 631 | ||
Review Questions | 631 | ||
References | 632.e1 | ||
41 Aneurysms of the Aorta and Iliac Arteries | 633 | ||
Abstract | 633.e1 | ||
Keywords | 633.e1 | ||
Screening | 634 | ||
Pathogenesis of Aortic Aneurysms | 635 | ||
Aneurysm Enlargement | 637 | ||
Clinical Manifestations | 638 | ||
Diagnostic Methods | 639 | ||
Imaging Modalities | 639 | ||
Risk of Aneurysm Rupture | 641 | ||
Risks of Surgical Treatment | 643 | ||
Late Survival | 644 | ||
Assessment of Cardiac Risk | 645 | ||
Indications for Aneurysms of the Abdominal Aorta Repair | 646 | ||
Operative Technique | 647 | ||
Incision and Exposure | 647 | ||
Aneurysm Repair | 648 | ||
Repair of Ruptured Aneurysm | 649 | ||
Complications of Aortic Aneurysm Repair | 650 | ||
Unusual Problems Associated With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms | 652 | ||
Saccular Aneurysms | 652 | ||
Venous Anomalies | 652 | ||
Inflammatory Aneurysm | 653 | ||
Horseshoe Kidney | 653 | ||
Associated Intraabdominal Pathology and Concomitant Surgical Procedures | 653 | ||
Aortocaval Fistula | 654 | ||
Mycotic Aortic Aneurysms | 654 | ||
Iliac Artery Aneurysms | 656 | ||
Open Versus Endovascular Repair | 657 | ||
Review Questions | 657 | ||
Bibliography | 658 | ||
References | 658.e1 | ||
42 Endovascular Repair of Juxtarenal (Chimney), Infrarenal, and Iliac Artery Aneurysms | 659 | ||
Abstract | 659.e1 | ||
Keywords | 659.e1 | ||
Patient Selection | 659 | ||
Endovascular Treatment of Juxtarenal Aortic Aneurysms | 659 | ||
Setting | 660 | ||
Endovascular Stent-Graft Planning and Placement for Infrarenal Aortic Aneurysms | 660 | ||
Endovascular Repair of Common and Internal Iliac Artery Aneurysms | 662 | ||
Common Iliac Artery Aneurysms | 662 | ||
Iliac Branch Devices | 663 | ||
Internal Iliac Artery Aneurysms | 663 | ||
Endovascular Repair of Juxtarenal Aortic Aneurysms | 663 | ||
Encroachment Technique | 664 | ||
Snorkel Technique | 665 | ||
Postoperative Complications | 665 | ||
Local | 665 | ||
Systemic | 665 | ||
Late Complications | 666 | ||
Postoperative Surveillance | 667 | ||
Midterm Outcomes | 668 | ||
Review Questions | 668 | ||
References | 669.e1 | ||
43 Open Surgical and Endovascular Management of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 670 | ||
Keywords | 670.e1 | ||
Open Surgical Management— Key Points | 670 | ||
Crucial Diagnostic Triad | 670 | ||
Other Diagnoses That Can Be Mimicked by a Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 670 | ||
Strategies in Planning Operative Treatment | 670 | ||
Key Technical Points for Open Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms | 671 | ||
Endovascular Management | 672 | ||
History | 672 | ||
Theoretical Considerations | 672 | ||
A Single-Center Experience | 672 | ||
Collected World Experience | 673 | ||
Why Are Results Variable? | 673 | ||
Standard Approach or Protocol | 673 | ||
Fluid Restriction (Hypotensive Hemostasis) | 673 | ||
Treatment Site | 673 | ||
Anesthesia and Catheter-Guidewire Placement | 673 | ||
Supraceliac Aortic Sheath Placement and Balloon Control | 674 | ||
Endograft Type and Configuration | 674 | ||
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome | 674 | ||
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair for Highest-Risk Patients | 674 | ||
Are Further Randomized Controlled Comparisons of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Needed? | 674 | ||
Review Questions | 674 | ||
References | 674.e1 | ||
44 Laparoscopic Aortic Surgery for Aneurysm and Occlusive Disease | 675 | ||
Key Words | 675.e1 | ||
Introduction | 675 | ||
Techniques | 675 | ||
Laparoscopic Aortobifemoral Bypass | 675 | ||
Laparoscopic Repair of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 676 | ||
Hybrid Remodeling Techniques Post–Endovascular Aneurysm Repair | 677 | ||
Advantages of Laparoscopic Procedures | 678 | ||
Exclusion Criteria and Disadvantages of the Laparoscopic Approach | 678 | ||
Laparoscopy in the Context of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair and Open Surgery | 678 | ||
Learning Curve | 679 | ||
Lack of Randomized Controlled Trials | 679 | ||
Conclusion | 679 | ||
Review Questions | 680 | ||
References | 680.e1 | ||
45 Building a Hybrid Operating Suite Including Robotic Capability | 681 | ||
Abstract | 681.e1 | ||
Keywords | 681.e1 | ||
Planning a Hybrid Room | 681 | ||
Do You Need a Hybrid Room? | 681 | ||
Where Should You Build the Hybrid Room? | 682 | ||
Understanding the Finances | 682 | ||
Planning for Construction | 683 | ||
Learning From Experience | 683 | ||
Designing the Hybrid Room | 684 | ||
The Imaging System | 684 | ||
Table Considerations | 684 | ||
Staffing | 684 | ||
The Control Room | 685 | ||
Video Transmission | 685 | ||
Utilization | 685 | ||
Robotics in the Hybrid Room | 685 | ||
Future Directions | 685 | ||
Conclusion | 686 | ||
Review Questions | 686 | ||
References | 686.e1 | ||
46 Splanchnic and Renal Artery Aneurysms | 687 | ||
Abstract | 687.e1 | ||
Keywords | 687.e1 | ||
Splanchnic Artery Aneurysms | 687 | ||
Splenic Artery Aneurysms | 687 | ||
Hepatic Artery Aneurysms | 690 | ||
Superior Mesenteric Artery Aneurysms | 692 | ||
Celiac Artery Aneurysms | 693 | ||
Gastric and Gastroepiploic Artery Aneurysms | 693 | ||
Jejunal, Ileal, and Colic Artery Aneurysms | 694 | ||
Pancreaticoduodenal and Gastroduodenal Artery Aneurysms | 694 | ||
Renal Artery Aneurysms | 696 | ||
True Renal Artery Aneurysms | 696 | ||
Renal Artery Dissection | 697 | ||
Review Questions | 698 | ||
Bibliography | 699 | ||
References | 699.e1 | ||
47 Aneurysms of the Peripheral Arteries | 700 | ||
Abstract | 700.e1 | ||
Keywords | 700.e1 | ||
Peripheral Aneurysms | 700 | ||
Femoral Artery Aneurysms | 700 | ||
Incidence and Cause | 700 | ||
Natural History | 700 | ||
Diagnosis | 701 | ||
Indications for Aneurysm Repair | 701 | ||
Treatment | 701 | ||
Outcomes | 702 | ||
Popliteal Artery Aneurysms | 702 | ||
Incidence and Cause | 702 | ||
Natural History | 703 | ||
Diagnosis | 703 | ||
Indications for Aneurysm Repair | 703 | ||
Treatment | 703 | ||
Outcomes | 705 | ||
Infrapopliteal Aneurysm | 707 | ||
5 Venous Disease | 740 | ||
49 Venous Thromboembolic Disease | 740 | ||
Pathophysiology of Venous Thrombosis | 740 | ||
Epidemiology | 741 | ||
Biomarkers | 741 | ||
Risk Factors | 741 | ||
Age | 741 | ||
Immobilization | 741 | ||
Travel | 742 | ||
History of Venous Thromboembolism | 742 | ||
Obesity | 743 | ||
Malignancy | 743 | ||
Surgery | 743 | ||
Trauma | 743 | ||
Inherited Thrombophilia | 743 | ||
Pregnancy | 744 | ||
Oral Contraceptives and Hormonal Therapy | 744 | ||
Central Venous Catheters | 744 | ||
Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 744 | ||
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 744 | ||
Initial Anticoagulation for Venous Thromboembolic Disease Treatment | 744 | ||
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins | 745 | ||
Vitamin K Antagonists | 745 | ||
Fondaparinux | 745 | ||
Dabigatran | 746 | ||
Apixaban | 746 | ||
Rivaroxaban | 746 | ||
Edoxaban | 746 | ||
Future Anticoagulants | 746 | ||
Duration of Anticoagulation | 746 | ||
Vein Wall Abnormalities After Deep Venous Thrombosis | 748 | ||
Definition of Postthrombotic Syndrome and Diagnosis | 748 | ||
Prevention of Postthrombotic Syndrome by Preventing Deep Venous Thrombosis | 749 | ||
Primary Deep Venous Thrombosis | 749 | ||
Recurrent Deep Venous Thrombosis | 749 | ||
Identifying Patients at Risk of Recurrent Deep Venous Thrombosis | 749 | ||
Compression and Ambulation for Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis to Decrease Postthrombotic Syndrome | 749 | ||
Active Thrombus Removal to Decrease Postthrombotic Syndrome | 749 | ||
Other Consideration for Postthrombotic Syndrome | 750 | ||
Pharmacologic Interventions | 750 | ||
Deep System Reconstruction | 750 | ||
Biomarkers | 750 | ||
Endothelial Protection | 751 | ||
Diagnosis and Treatment of Superficial Thrombophlebitis | 751 | ||
Inferior Vena Caval Interruption | 752 | ||
Inferior Vena Cava Filter Devices | 753 | ||
Retrievable Optional Filters | 753 | ||
Review Questions | 755 | ||
Bibliography | 756 | ||
References | 756.e1 | ||
50 Thrombolysis and Mechanical Thrombectomy for Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism | 757 | ||
Abstract | 757.e1 | ||
Keywords | 757.e1 | ||
Introduction | 757 | ||
Acute Iliofemoral Venous Thrombosis | 757 | ||
Natural History Studies | 758 | ||
Venous Thrombectomy | 759 | ||
6 Complications in Vascular Surgery | 858 | ||
58 Neointimal Hyperplasia | 858 | ||
Abstract | 858.e1 | ||
Keywords | 858.e1 | ||
Pathology | 858 | ||
Pathophysiology | 859 | ||
Hemodynamic and Mechanical Factors | 860 | ||
Platelets | 862 | ||
Inflammatory Cells | 862 | ||
Growth Factors | 866 | ||
Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Pathways | 866 | ||
Nitric Oxide | 867 | ||
Reactive Oxygen Species | 868 | ||
Stem and Progenitor Cells | 870 | ||
Adiponectin and Periadventitial Adipose Tissue | 871 | ||
Vasa Vasorum | 872 | ||
Conclusion | 873 | ||
Review Questions | 873 | ||
References | 874.e1 | ||
59 Prosthetic Graft Infection | 875 | ||
Abstract | 875.e1 | ||
Keywords | 875.e1 | ||
Incidence | 875 | ||
Classification | 875 | ||
Microbiology | 875 | ||
Cause and Pathophysiology | 876 | ||
Intraoperative Contamination | 876 | ||
Hematogenous Spread | 876 | ||
Direct Contamination | 876 | ||
Prevention | 877 | ||
Diagnosis | 878 | ||
Clinical Presentation | 878 | ||
Laboratory Studies | 878 | ||
Imaging | 878 | ||
Ultrasonography | 879 | ||
Computed Tomography | 879 | ||
Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 880 | ||
Angiography | 880 | ||
White Blood Cell Scanning | 880 | ||
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy | 880 | ||
Management of Graft Infection: General Principles | 881 | ||
Preoperative Preparation | 881 | ||
Antibiotic Therapy | 881 | ||
Revascularization | 881 | ||
Graft Excision | 881 | ||
Debridement | 883 | ||
Treatment of Specific Graft Site Infections | 883 | ||
Aortic Grafts | 883 | ||
Aortoiliac and Aortic Interposition Grafts | 883 | ||
Aortobifemoral Grafts | 885 | ||
Femoropopliteal Bypass Grafts | 887 | ||
Endovascular Stent-Grafts | 888 | ||
Conclusions | 889 | ||
Review Questions | 889 | ||
References | 889.e1 | ||
60 Noninfectious Complications in Vascular Surgery | 890 | ||
Abstract | 890.e1 | ||
Keywords | 890.e1 | ||
Aortoiliac Surgery | 890 | ||
Perioperative Bleeding | 890 | ||
Operative Bleeding | 890 | ||
Postoperative Bleeding | 892 | ||
Thrombosis | 895 | ||
Lytic Therapy for Graft Thrombosis | 899 | ||
Mechanical Thrombectomy | 900 | ||
Atheroembolism | 901 | ||
Preoperative Embolism | 901 | ||
Intraoperative Embolism | 901 | ||
Declamping Hypotension | 902 | ||
Acute Renal Failure | 902 | ||
Intestinal Ischemia | 904 | ||
Gastrointestinal Complications | 907 | ||
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome | 908 | ||
Abdominal Wall Hernias | 908 | ||
Chylous Ascites | 909 | ||
Spinal Cord Ischemia | 910 | ||
Ureteral Injury and Obstruction | 911 | ||
Impotence | 912 | ||
Retrograde Ejaculation | 913 | ||
Anastomotic False Aneurysm | 914 | ||
Recurrent Anastomotic Aneurysm | 915 | ||
Infrainguinal Arterial Reconstruction | 915 | ||
Bleeding | 916 | ||
Thrombosis | 916 | ||
Wound Complications | 920 | ||
Graft Surveillance | 921 | ||
Vein Grafts | 921 | ||
Graft Dilatation | 923 | ||
Dacron Grafts | 923 | ||
Umbilical Vein | 923 | ||
Polytetrafluoroethylene | 924 | ||
Edema | 924 | ||
Lymphoceles and Lymph Leaks | 925 | ||
Review Questions | 925 | ||
References | 926.e1 | ||
61 Management of Complications After Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair | 927 | ||
Early Complications | 927 | ||
Access | 927 | ||
Iliac Artery Complications | 927 | ||
Acute Neck Complications | 930 | ||
Late Complications | 932 | ||
Endoleak | 932 | ||
Branched or Fenestrated Endografts | 936 | ||
Limb Occlusion | 936 | ||
Graft Infection | 936 | ||
Open Conversion | 936 | ||
Conclusions | 937 | ||
Bibliography | 937 | ||
References | 937.e1 | ||
7 Miscellaneous Topics | 938 | ||
62 Diabetic Foot Complications | 938 | ||
Abstract | 938.e1 | ||
Keywords | 938.e1 | ||
Pathogenesis and Presentation of Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Infections | 938 | ||
Role of the Surgeon in the Early Management of Diabetic Foot Infections | 939 | ||
Operative Treatment of Deep Soft Tissue Infections of the Foot | 940 | ||
Role of the Vascular Surgeon | 940 | ||
Early and Late Follow-Up After Revascularization and/or Reconstruction | 941 | ||
Review Questions | 941 | ||
References | 941.e1 | ||
63 The Wound Care Center and Limb Salvage | 942 | ||
Normal Wound Healing | 942 | ||
Acute Wounds | 942 | ||
Hemostasis | 942 | ||
Inflammation | 942 | ||
Proliferation | 943 | ||
Remodeling | 944 | ||
Chronic Wounds | 944 | ||
Assessment of Wound Healing Capability | 944 | ||
Patient Assessment | 945 | ||
Assessment of Wound Characteristics | 945 | ||
Diagnostic Studies for the Nonhealing Wound | 945 | ||
Treatment of Nonhealing Wounds | 946 | ||
Elimination of Edema | 946 | ||
Debridement | 946 | ||
Autolytic Debridement | 946 | ||
Enzymatic Debridement | 948 | ||
Mechanical Debridement | 948 | ||
Biosurgical Debridement | 949 | ||
Sharp Debridement | 949 | ||
Treatment of Infection | 949 | ||
Management of the Exudate | 949 | ||
Dressing the Nonhealing Wound | 950 | ||
Growth Factors | 950 | ||
Tissue Transfer | 951 | ||
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy | 952 | ||
Vacuum-Assisted Closure | 952 | ||
New Therapies for Nonhealing Wounds | 952 | ||
Organization of a Wound Care Program | 952 | ||
Personnel | 953 | ||
Facility | 953 | ||
Revascularization in Patients With Nonhealing Wounds | 953 | ||
Options for Revascularization | 953 | ||
Nonrevascularization | 953 | ||
Angioplasty | 953 | ||
Bypass | 954 | ||
Conclusion | 955 | ||
Review Questions | 955 | ||
References | 955.e1 | ||
64 Lower Extremity Amputation | 956 | ||
Abstract | 956.e1 | ||
Keywords | 956.e1 | ||
Overview and Historical Perspective | 956 | ||
Patient Evaluation and Preparation for Amputation | 956 | ||
Acute Ischemia | 957 | ||
Progressive Chronic Ischemia | 958 | ||
Gangrene Complicated by Infection | 959 | ||
Amputation for Trauma | 960 | ||
Determination of Amputation Level | 960 | ||
Lower Extremity Amputation Levels | 964 | ||
Toe Amputation | 964 | ||
Indications | 964 | ||
Contraindications | 964 | ||
Surgical Technique | 964 | ||
Advantages and Disadvantages | 964 | ||
Rehabilitation Potential | 965 | ||
Ray Amputation | 965 | ||
Indications | 965 | ||
Contraindications | 965 | ||
Surgical Technique | 965 | ||
Advantages and Disadvantages | 965 | ||
Transmetatarsal Amputation | 966 | ||
Indications | 966 | ||
Contraindications | 966 | ||
Surgical Technique | 966 | ||
Advantages and Disadvantages | 966 | ||
Answers | 1018 | ||
Chapter 3 | 1018 | ||
Chapter 4 | 1018 | ||
Chapter 5 | 1018 | ||
Chapter 6 | 1018 | ||
Chapter 7 | 1018 | ||
Chapter 8 | 1018 | ||
Chapter 9 | 1018 | ||
Chapter 10 | 1018 | ||
Chapter 11 | 1019 | ||
Chapter 13 | 1019 | ||
Chapter 14 | 1019 | ||
Chapter 15 | 1019 | ||
Chapter 16 | 1019 | ||
Chapter 17 | 1019 | ||
Chapter 18 | 1019 | ||
Chapter 19 | 1019 | ||
Chapter 20 | 1019 | ||
Chapter 21 | 1019 | ||
Chapter 22 | 1020 | ||
Chapter 23 | 1020 | ||
Chapter 24 | 1020 | ||
Chapter 25 | 1020 | ||
Chapter 26 | 1020 | ||
Chapter 27 | 1020 | ||
Chapter 28 | 1020 | ||
Chapter 29 | 1020 | ||
Chapter 30 | 1020 | ||
Chapter 31 | 1020 | ||
Chapter 32 | 1021 | ||
Chapter 33 | 1021 | ||
Chapter 34 | 1021 | ||
Chapter 35 | 1021 | ||
Chapter 36 | 1021 | ||
Chapter 37 | 1021 | ||
Chapter 38 | 1022 | ||
Chapter 40 | 1022 | ||
Chapter 41 | 1022 | ||
Chapter 42 | 1022 | ||
Chapter 43 | 1022 | ||
Chapter 44 | 1022 | ||
Chapter 45 | 1022 | ||
Chapter 46 | 1022 | ||
Chapter 47 | 1023 | ||
Chapter 48 | 1023 | ||
Chapter 49 | 1023 | ||
Chapter 50 | 1023 | ||
Chapter 51 | 1023 | ||
Chapter 52 | 1023 | ||
Chapter 53 | 1023 | ||
Chapter 54 | 1023 | ||
Chapter 55 | 1023 | ||
Chapter 56 | 1024 | ||
Chapter 57 | 1024 | ||
Chapter 58 | 1024 | ||
Chapter 59 | 1024 | ||
Chapter 60 | 1024 | ||
Chapter 62 | 1024 | ||
Chapter 63 | 1024 | ||
Chapter 64 | 1025 | ||
Chapter 65 | 1025 | ||
Chapter 66 | 1025 | ||
Chapter 67 | 1025 | ||
Index | 1026 | ||
A | 1026 | ||
B | 1032 | ||
C | 1034 | ||
D | 1038 | ||
E | 1040 | ||
F | 1043 | ||
G | 1044 | ||
H | 1045 | ||
I | 1048 | ||
J | 1050 | ||
K | 1050 | ||
L | 1050 | ||
M | 1052 | ||
N | 1053 | ||
O | 1054 | ||
P | 1055 | ||
Q | 1059 | ||
R | 1059 | ||
S | 1060 | ||
T | 1064 | ||
U | 1066 | ||
V | 1067 | ||
W | 1070 | ||
X | 1070 | ||
Y | 1070 | ||
Z | 1070 | ||
Inside Back Cover | ibc1 |