BOOK
Digestive Disorders of the Forestomach, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, E-Book
Robert J. Callan | Meredyth L. Jones
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue, edited by Drs. Robert Callan and Meredyth Jones, focuses on Digestive Disorders in Ruminants. Article topics include: Rumen (Forestomach) Development and Function; Diagnostic Approach to Forestomach Diseases; Clinical Rumen Acidosis; Diagnosis and Herd Management of Subclinical Rumen Acidosis; Disorders of Rumen Distension and Dysmotility; Diagnosis and Treatment of Hardware Disease; Temporary Rumen Fistula for the Treatment of Forestomach Diseases and Enteral Nutrition; Rumen Microbiome, probiotics, and Fermentation Additives.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Cover | Cover | ||
Digestive Disorders ofthe Forestomach\r | i | ||
Copyright\r | ii | ||
Contributors | iii | ||
CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
EDITORS | iii | ||
AUTHORS | iii | ||
Contents | v | ||
Preface: Digestive Disorders of the Ruminant Forestomach | v | ||
Rumen Function and Development | v | ||
Diagnostic Approach to Forestomach Diseases | v | ||
Diagnosis and Treatment of Clinical Rumen Acidosis | v | ||
Diagnosis and Management of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Dairy Herds | vi | ||
Diagnosis and Management of Rumen Acidosis and Bloat in Feedlots | vi | ||
Disorders of Rumen Distension and Dysmotility | vi | ||
Diagnosis and Treatment of Hardware Disease | vi | ||
Temporary Rumenostomy for the Treatment of Forestomach Diseases and Enteral Nutrition | vii | ||
Rumen Microbiome, Probiotics, and Fermentation Additives\r | vii | ||
VETERINARY CLINICS OF\rNORTH AMERICA:\rFOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE\r | viii | ||
FORTHCOMING ISSUES | viii | ||
March 2018 | viii | ||
July 2018 | viii | ||
November 2018 | viii | ||
RECENT ISSUES | viii | ||
July 2017 | viii | ||
March 2017 | viii | ||
November 2016 | viii | ||
Preface\r | ix | ||
Digestive Disorders of the Ruminant Forestomach | ix | ||
Rumen Function and Development | 427 | ||
Key points | 427 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 427 | ||
IMPORTANCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL TISSUES TO PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY | 428 | ||
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE RUMINAL EPITHELIUM IN MATURE RUMINANTS | 428 | ||
METABOLISM OF MATURE RUMINAL EPITHELIUM | 430 | ||
VOLATILE FATTY ACID METABOLISM | 430 | ||
Acetate | 430 | ||
Propionate | 430 | ||
Butyrate | 431 | ||
Rumen development | 431 | ||
Morphologic observations | 431 | ||
Control of Proliferation | 433 | ||
Neonatal ruminal epithelial metabolism | 433 | ||
Underlying molecular responses in support of development and function | 434 | ||
SUMMARY | 435 | ||
REFERENCES | 436 | ||
Diagnostic Approach to Forestomach Diseases | 441 | ||
Key points | 441 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 441 | ||
PATIENT HISTORY | 441 | ||
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 442 | ||
DIAGNOSTIC TESTING | 443 | ||
Rumen Fluid Analysis | 443 | ||
Radiography | 447 | ||
Ultrasound | 447 | ||
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 449 | ||
REFERENCES | 449 | ||
Diagnosis and Treatment of Clinical Rumen Acidosis | 451 | ||
Key points | 451 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 451 | ||
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 452 | ||
CLINICAL SIGNS | 454 | ||
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY | 455 | ||
DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS | 456 | ||
TREATMENT | 456 | ||
PREVENTION | 459 | ||
REFERENCES | 459 | ||
Diagnosis and Management of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Dairy Herds | 463 | ||
Key points | 463 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 463 | ||
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SUBACUTE RUMINAL ACIDOSIS IN DAIRY CATTLE | 464 | ||
Low Ruminal pH | 464 | ||
Increased Ruminal Lactate | 465 | ||
Increased Ruminal Valerate | 465 | ||
Reduced Dry Matter Intake | 465 | ||
Feed Ingredient Selection | 465 | ||
Cow Behavior | 465 | ||
Inflammation | 466 | ||
Reduced Feed Efficiency | 466 | ||
Milk Fat Depression | 466 | ||
Individual Cow Susceptibility to Subacute Ruminal Acidosis | 466 | ||
Rumenitis | 467 | ||
Hindgut Acidosis | 467 | ||
Diarrhea | 467 | ||
Altered Ruminal Microflora | 467 | ||
Liver Abscess Formation | 468 | ||
Other Infectious Diseases Secondary to Rumenitis | 468 | ||
Lameness | 468 | ||
Reduced Body Condition Score | 469 | ||
Impaired Immune Function | 469 | ||
CLINICAL SIGNS IN DAIRY HERDS AFFECTED WITH SUBACUTE RUMINAL ACIDOSIS | 469 | ||
DIAGNOSIS OF SUBACUTE RUMINAL ACIDOSIS IN DAIRY HERDS | 469 | ||
Evaluating Clinical Signs Associated with Subacute Ruminal Acidosis | 469 | ||
Ruminal pH | 469 | ||
Measuring Ruminal pH via Fluid Collected by Ororuminal Probe | 469 | ||
Measuring Ruminal pH via Fluid Collected by Rumenocentesis | 469 | ||
Measuring Ruminal pH via Indwelling pH Sensors | 470 | ||
Milk Fatty Acid Profile | 471 | ||
Rumination Measurements | 471 | ||
Acute Phase Proteins | 471 | ||
Fecal pH | 471 | ||
Ultrasound | 471 | ||
PREVENTION OF SUBACUTE RUMINAL ACIDOSIS IN DAIRY HERDS | 471 | ||
Feeding a Total Mixed Ration | 472 | ||
Excellent Feeding Management | 472 | ||
Providing Adequate Effective Fiber in the Diet | 472 | ||
Maximizing Ruminal Buffering | 473 | ||
Provision of Free-Choice Buffers | 474 | ||
Allowing for Adequate Ruminal Adaptation to Higher Concentrate Diets | 474 | ||
Overview of Feed Additives for the Prevention of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis | 474 | ||
Increasing Dietary Sugars | 475 | ||
Yeast Supplementation | 475 | ||
Monensin | 475 | ||
Dicarboxylic Acids | 475 | ||
Flavonoids and Essential Oils | 475 | ||
SUMMARY | 475 | ||
REFERENCES | 476 | ||
Diagnosis and Management of Rumen Acidosis and Bloat in Feedlots | 481 | ||
Key points | 481 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 481 | ||
PREVALENCE OF DIGESTIVE-RELATED MORTALITY | 482 | ||
RUMINAL ACIDOSIS REVIEW | 482 | ||
CLINICAL FINDINGS | 483 | ||
TREATMENT | 484 | ||
RUMINAL BLOAT REVIEW | 485 | ||
CLINICAL FINDINGS | 486 | ||
TREATMENT | 487 | ||
RUMINAL DIGESTION OF GRAINS AND FORAGES | 488 | ||
FACTORS AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS AFFECTING ACIDOSIS AND BLOAT | 488 | ||
RATION TRANSITIONS | 488 | ||
BUNK MANAGEMENT | 489 | ||
GRAIN TYPE AND PROCESSING | 490 | ||
DIETARY FIBER | 491 | ||
FEED ADDITIVES | 493 | ||
SUMMARY | 493 | ||
REFERENCES | 494 | ||
Disorders of Rumen Distension and Dysmotility | 499 | ||
Key points | 499 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 499 | ||
NORMAL RUMEN CONTOUR AND MOTILITY | 499 | ||
Abdominal and Rumen Contour | 499 | ||
Normal Rumen Motility | 500 | ||
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 501 | ||
Abnormal Rumen Contour and Motility | 501 | ||
Abnormal abdominal and rumen shape | 501 | ||
Abnormalities of rumen motility | 504 | ||
Disorders associated with rumen distension and dysmotility | 505 | ||
Diagnostic Approach to Animals with Rumen Distension and Dysmotility | 507 | ||
History and physical examination | 507 | ||
ANCILLARY DIAGNOSTIC TESTING | 507 | ||
Rumen Fluid Analysis | 507 | ||
Blood Chemistry Analysis | 508 | ||
Ultrasound of the Reticulum | 508 | ||
Rumenotomy/Abdominal Exploratory | 509 | ||
TREATMENT OPTIONS | 509 | ||
Emergency Treatment | 510 | ||
Transfaunation | 510 | ||
SUMMARY | 510 | ||
REFERENCES | 510 | ||
Diagnosis and Treatment of Hardware Disease | 513 | ||
Key points | 513 | ||
INTRODUCTION: NATURE OF THE PROBLEM | 513 | ||
PATIENT HISTORY | 514 | ||
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 514 | ||
Ancillary Diagnostics | 515 | ||
TREATING HARDWARE DISEASE | 516 | ||
SUPPORTIVE CARE | 517 | ||
Pharmacologic Treatment Options | 517 | ||
Nonpharmacologic Treatment Options | 517 | ||
Magnets | 517 | ||
Fluids | 517 | ||
Surgical Treatment Options | 518 | ||
Rumenotomy | 518 | ||
Thoracotomy | 521 | ||
SUMMARY | 522 | ||
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 522 | ||
REFERENCES | 522 | ||
Temporary Rumenostomy for the Treatment of Forestomach Diseases and Enteral Nutrition | 525 | ||
Key points | 525 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 525 | ||
INDICATIONS | 526 | ||
SURGICAL PROCEDURE | 529 | ||
ENTERAL FEEDING | 533 | ||
MANAGEMENT | 534 | ||
CLOSURE | 535 | ||
SUMMARY | 537 | ||
REFERENCES | 537 | ||
Rumen Microbiome, Probiotics, and Fermentation Additives | 539 | ||
Key points | 539 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 539 | ||
Significance of the Ruminal Microbiome | 539 | ||
TECHNOLOGY FOR MICROBIAL RESEARCH: THEN, NOW, AND TOMORROW | 540 | ||
IMPORTANCE OF RUMINAL MANIPULATION | 544 | ||
MANIPULATORS OF RUMINAL FERMENTATION | 545 | ||
Probiotics | 545 | ||
Supplemental bacteria | 545 | ||
Live yeast | 545 | ||
Fungi-based feed supplementation | 546 | ||
FERMENTATION ADDITIVES | 547 | ||
Yeast Products | 547 | ||
Plant Secondary Metabolites | 548 | ||
Ionophores | 549 | ||
SUMMARY | 549 | ||
REFERENCES | 550 |