Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Simplify ECGs! Using an easy-to-understand, step-by-step approach and conversational tone, The 12-Lead ECG in Acute Coronary Syndromes, 4th Edition describes the process of 12-lead ECG interpretation for accurate recognition and effective treatment of ACS. This new edition has been streamlined to emphasize practice and explanation. It shows you how to determine the likelihood of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) versus other causes of ST elevation. It covers innovative technology and evolving paradigms in ECG interpretation, such as the Cabrera format, which sequences impulse generation in a logical anatomic progression. In addition, over 100 practice ECGs—more than 25 of which are new—help test your knowledge. Written by two well-known educators—Tim Phalen, a paramedic, and Barbara Aehlert, an experienced nurse and popular ACLS instructor, this guide incorporates the latest American Heart Association Emergency Cardiac Care (ECC) Guidelines, as well as new research and information on recognizing and treating ACS in both hospital and prehospital environments.
- Updated Case studies promote early recognition and treatment of ACS.
- Outlines efficient strategies for identifying STEMI, allowing quick initiation of patient care.
- Contains more than 200 colorful illustrations, including a large number of ECGs.
- Offers practical advice for recognizing noninfarct causes of ST elevation, including left ventricular hypertrophy, bundle branch block, ventricular rhythms, benign early repolarization, and pericarditis.
- Features a lay-flat spiral binding, making the book easy to use in any setting.
- Chapter objectives help you identify key concepts
- Updated Consider This boxes highlight important tips.
- NEW! More than 100 practice ECGs offer plenty of opportunity to test your knowledge.
- NEW! Covers innovative technology and evolving paradigms in ECG interpretation.
- NEW! Review questions reinforce the content.
- NEW! Reorganized and simplified table of contents facilitates study and quick reference.
- NEW! Straightforward writing style offers need-to-know information up front, making this complex subject matter easy to understand and apply.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| The 12-Lead ECG in Acute Coronary Syndromes | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Preface | v | ||
| Acknowledgments | vi | ||
| About the Authors | vii | ||
| Reviewers for the Fourth Edition | ix | ||
| Contents | x | ||
| Chapter 1 Reviewing the Basics | 1 | ||
| Structure of the heart | 2 | ||
| Heart Chambers | 2 | ||
| Heart Valves | 3 | ||
| Heart Surfaces | 4 | ||
| Coronary Arteries | 4 | ||
| Right Coronary Artery | 5 | ||
| Left Coronary Artery | 6 | ||
| Coronary Artery Dominance | 6 | ||
| Coronary Veins | 6 | ||
| Cardiac cycle | 7 | ||
| Atrial Systole and Diastole | 7 | ||
| Ventricular Systole and Diastole | 7 | ||
| Electrophysiology review | 7 | ||
| Depolarization | 7 | ||
| Repolarization | 8 | ||
| The Cardiac Action Potential | 8 | ||
| Conduction system | 8 | ||
| Ectopic Pacemakers | 9 | ||
| Waveforms, complexes, segments, and intervals | 9 | ||
| Assessing regularity | 11 | ||
| Determining rate | 11 | ||
| References | 11 | ||
| Quick review | 12 | ||
| Answers | 13 | ||
| Chapter 2 Leads, Axis, and Acquisition of the 12-Lead ECG | 15 | ||
| The electrocardiogram | 16 | ||
| Frontal Plane Leads | 16 | ||
| Horizontal Plane Leads | 17 | ||
| Layout of the 12-lead ECG | 17 | ||
| Right Chest Leads | 19 | ||
| Posterior Chest Leads | 19 | ||
| Vectors and axis | 19 | ||
| Cabrera Display Format | 21 | ||
| What each lead “sees” | 22 | ||
| Contiguous Leads | 22 | ||
| Reciprocal Leads | 23 | ||
| 12-lead ECG acquisition | 23 | ||
| Goal 1: Clear | 23 | ||
| Goal 2: Accurate | 24 | ||
| Electrode Positioning | 24 | ||
| Incorrect Electrode Positioning | 25 | ||
| Patient Positioning | 26 | ||
| Frequency Response | 26 | ||
| Goal 3: Fast | 27 | ||
| Quick review | 29 | ||
| Answers | 30 | ||
| References | 28 | ||
| Chapter 3 Acute Coronary Syndromes | 31 | ||
| Coronary heart disease | 32 | ||
| Ischemic heart disease | 34 | ||
| Clinical Features | 35 | ||
| Diagnosis | 36 | ||
| Stable Angina | 38 | ||
| Variant Angina | 38 | ||
| Microvascular Angina | 38 | ||
| Acute coronary syndromes | 40 | ||
| Clinical Features | 42 | ||
| Diagnosis | 42 | ||
| Cardiac Biomarkers | 42 | ||
| 12-Lead ECG | 43 | ||
| Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction | 44 | ||
| 12-Lead ECG | 44 | ||
| ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction | 46 | ||
| 12-lead ECG | 46 | ||
| Localizing a Myocardial Infarction | 47 | ||
| Anterior Infarction | 48 | ||
| Inferior Infarction | 49 | ||
| Right Ventricular Infarction | 49 | ||
| Lateral Infarction | 51 | ||
| Inferobasal Infarction | 53 | ||
| Exceptions | 53 | ||
| Initial management of acute coronary syndromes | 55 | ||
| Prehospital Management | 55 | ||
| Emergency Department Management | 57 | ||
| Quick review | 61 | ||
| Practice ECGs | 62 | ||
| Case studies | 72 | ||
| References | 59 | ||
| Chapter 4 ST-Elevation Variants | 77 | ||
| Introduction | 78 | ||
| Ventricular hypertrophy | 78 | ||
| Right Ventricular Hypertrophy | 78 | ||
| Left Ventricular Hypertrophy | 78 | ||
| Bundle branch blocks | 80 | ||
| Structures of the Intraventricular Conduction System | 80 | ||
| Bundle Branch Activation | 81 | ||
| Significance of Bundle Branch Block | 81 | ||
| Electrocardiographic Criteria | 81 | ||
| Differentiating RBBB From LBBB | 82 | ||
| Right Bundle Branch Block | 82 | ||
| Left Bundle Branch Block | 82 | ||
| An Easier Way | 83 | ||
| Concordance | 85 | ||
| Sgarbossa Criteria | 85 | ||
| Exceptions | 85 | ||
| Fascicular Blocks | 86 | ||
| Left Anterior Fascicular Block | 86 | ||
| Left Posterior Fascicular Block | 87 | ||
| Trifascicular Block | 87 | ||
| Ventricular rhythms | 88 | ||
| Ventricular Paced Rhythm | 88 | ||
| Benign early repolarization | 88 | ||
| Electrocardiographic Criteria | 88 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 89 | ||
| Pericarditis | 90 | ||
| Electrocardiographic Criteria | 90 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 90 | ||
| What should you do now? | 91 | ||
| References | 92 | ||
| Quick review | 93 | ||
| Case studies | 94 | ||
| Chapter 5 Practice ECGs | 97 | ||
| 12-Lead analysis | 98 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 98 | ||
| Practice ECGs | 99 | ||
| Interpretation of Practice ECGs | 199 | ||
| Fig. 5.1 | 199 | ||
| Fig. 5.2 | 199 | ||
| Fig. 5.3 | 199 | ||
| Fig. 5.4 | 199 | ||
| Fig. 5.5 | 199 | ||
| Fig. 5.6 | 199 | ||
| Fig. 5.7 | 200 | ||
| Fig. 5.8 | 200 | ||
| Fig. 5.9 | 200 | ||
| Fig. 5.10 | 200 | ||
| Fig. 5.11 | 200 | ||
| Fig. 5.12 | 200 | ||
| Fig. 5.13 | 201 | ||
| Fig. 5.14 | 201 | ||
| Fig. 5.15 | 201 | ||
| Fig. 5.16 | 201 | ||
| Fig. 5.17 | 201 | ||
| Fig. 5.18 | 201 | ||
| Fig. 5.19 | 202 | ||
| Fig. 5.20 | 202 | ||
| Fig. 5.21 | 202 | ||
| Fig. 5.22 | 202 | ||
| Fig. 5.23 | 202 | ||
| Fig. 5.24 | 202 | ||
| Fig. 5.25 | 203 | ||
| Fig. 5.26 | 203 | ||
| Fig. 5.27 | 203 | ||
| Fig. 5.28 | 203 | ||
| Fig. 5.29 | 203 | ||
| Fig. 5.30 | 203 | ||
| Fig. 5.31 | 204 | ||
| Fig. 5.32 | 204 | ||
| Fig. 5.33 | 204 | ||
| Fig. 5.34 | 204 | ||
| Fig. 5.35 | 204 | ||
| Fig. 5.36 | 204 | ||
| Fig. 5.37 | 204 | ||
| Fig. 5.38 | 205 | ||
| Fig. 5.39 | 205 | ||
| Fig. 5.40 | 205 | ||
| Fig. 5.41 | 205 | ||
| Fig. 5.42 | 205 | ||
| Fig. 5.43 | 205 | ||
| Fig. 5.44 | 206 | ||
| Fig. 5.45 | 206 | ||
| Fig. 5.46 | 206 | ||
| Fig. 5.47 | 206 | ||
| Fig. 5.48 | 206 | ||
| Fig. 5.49 | 206 | ||
| Fig. 5.50 | 207 | ||
| Fig. 5.51 | 207 | ||
| Fig. 5.52 | 207 | ||
| Fig. 5.53 | 207 | ||
| Fig. 5.54 | 207 | ||
| Fig. 5.55 | 207 | ||
| Fig. 5.56 | 207 | ||
| Fig. 5.57 | 208 | ||
| Fig. 5.58 | 208 | ||
| Fig. 5.59 | 208 | ||
| Fig. 5.60 | 208 | ||
| Fig. 5.61 | 208 | ||
| Fig. 5.62 | 208 | ||
| Fig. 5.63 | 209 | ||
| Fig. 5.64 | 209 | ||
| Fig. 5.65 | 209 | ||
| Fig. 5.66 | 209 | ||
| Fig. 5.67 | 209 | ||
| Fig. 5.68 | 209 | ||
| Fig. 5.69 | 209 | ||
| Fig. 5.70 | 210 | ||
| Fig. 5.71 | 210 | ||
| Fig. 5.72 | 210 | ||
| Fig. 5.73 | 210 | ||
| Fig. 5.74 | 210 | ||
| Fig. 5.75 | 210 | ||
| Fig. 5.76 | 210 | ||
| Fig. 5.77 | 211 | ||
| Fig. 5.78 | 211 | ||
| Fig. 5.79 | 211 | ||
| Fig. 5.80 | 211 | ||
| Fig. 5.81 | 211 | ||
| Fig. 5.82 | 211 | ||
| Fig. 5.83 | 212 | ||
| Fig. 5.84 | 212 | ||
| Fig. 5.85 | 212 | ||
| Fig. 5.86 | 212 | ||
| Fig. 5.87 | 212 | ||
| Fig. 5.88 | 212 | ||
| Fig. 5.89 | 213 | ||
| Fig. 5.90 | 213 | ||
| Fig. 5.91 | 213 | ||
| Fig. 5.92 | 213 | ||
| Fig. 5.93 | 213 | ||
| Fig. 5.94 | 213 | ||
| Fig. 5.95 | 213 | ||
| Fig. 5.96 | 214 | ||
| Fig. 5.97 | 214 | ||
| Fig. 5.98 | 214 | ||
| Fig. 5.99 | 214 | ||
| Fig. 5.100 | 214 | ||
| Index | 215 |