BOOK
Transplantation, An Issue of Anesthesiology Clinics, E-Book
Aman Mahajan | Christopher Wray
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Anesthesiology Clinics focuses on Transplantation. Editors Aman Mahajan and Christopher Wray have assembled an expert team of authors on topics such as: Immunology and Pharmacology of Transplantation; Infectious Diseases and Malignancies in Transplantation; Anesthesia Management of the Organ Donor; Transfusion Medicine and Coagulation Management in Organ Transplantation; Pediatric Transplantation; Anesthesia for Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation; Anesthesia for Heart Transplantation; Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation; Anesthesia for Liver Transplantation; Anesthesia for Small Bowel and Multivisceral Transplantation; Anesthesia for hand and face transplantation; Anesthesia considerations in Transplant recipients for Non-transplant surgery.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Transplantation\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITORS | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Foreword: Transplantation Anesthesia: The Role of the Anesthesiologist | vii | ||
| Preface: Organ Transplantation: A Systematic Review | vii | ||
| Overview of Immunosuppressive Therapy in Solid Organ Transplantation | vii | ||
| Infectious Complications and Malignancies Arising After Liver Transplantation | vii | ||
| Anesthesia Management of Organ Donors | vii | ||
| Transfusion Medicine and Coagulation Management in Organ Transplantation | viii | ||
| Anesthetic Management of Pediatric Liver and Kidney Transplantation | viii | ||
| Anesthesia for Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation | viii | ||
| Anesthesia for Heart Transplantation | viii | ||
| Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation | ix | ||
| Anesthesia for Liver Transplantation | ix | ||
| Anesthesia for Intestinal Transplantation | ix | ||
| Anesthesia and Perioperative Care in Reconstructive Transplantation | ix | ||
| Anesthetic Considerations in Transplant Recipients for Nontransplant Surgery | x | ||
| ANESTHESIOLOGY CLINICS\r | xi | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
| December 2017 | xi | ||
| March 2018 | xi | ||
| June 2018 | xi | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
| June 2017 | xi | ||
| March 2017 | xi | ||
| December 2016 | xi | ||
| Foreword:\rTransplantation Anesthesia: The Role of the Anesthesiologist | xiii | ||
| Preface:\rOrgan Transplantation: A Systematic Review | xv | ||
| Overview of Immunosuppressive Therapy in Solid Organ Transplantation | 365 | ||
| Key points | 365 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 365 | ||
| TRANSPLANT IMMUNOLOGY | 366 | ||
| RECOGNITION | 366 | ||
| PROCESSING | 366 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF TARGET CELL DESTRUCTION | 366 | ||
| PREEXISTING SENSITIZATION | 367 | ||
| CHRONIC REJECTION | 367 | ||
| IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE STRATEGIES | 367 | ||
| COMMONLY USED IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS | 368 | ||
| Corticosteroids | 368 | ||
| INHIBITORS OF T-CELL PROLIFERATION | 369 | ||
| Mycophenolic Acids (Mycophenolate Mofetil and Myfortic) | 369 | ||
| Mycophenolic acid sodium | 370 | ||
| CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS | 370 | ||
| Cyclosporine | 370 | ||
| Tacrolimus | 372 | ||
| INHIBITORS OF LATE T-CELL FUNCTION | 373 | ||
| Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors | 373 | ||
| Sirolimus | 373 | ||
| Everolimus | 373 | ||
| INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS | 373 | ||
| Basiliximab | 373 | ||
| POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES | 374 | ||
| Antithymocyte Globulin | 374 | ||
| MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES | 374 | ||
| Alemtuzumab | 374 | ||
| Rituximab | 375 | ||
| OTHER AGENTS | 375 | ||
| Bortezomib | 375 | ||
| Eculizumab | 375 | ||
| Costimulation Blockade | 375 | ||
| SUMMARY | 375 | ||
| REFERENCES | 376 | ||
| Infectious Complications and Malignancies Arising After Liver Transplantation | 381 | ||
| Key points | 381 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 381 | ||
| INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS | 382 | ||
| EARLY BACTERIAL INFECTIONS | 382 | ||
| INTERMEDIATE AND LATE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS | 383 | ||
| VIRAL INFECTIONS | 384 | ||
| HERPES VIRUSES | 384 | ||
| HEPATITIDES RELEVANT TO LIVER TRANSPLANTATION | 384 | ||
| Hepatitis B | 384 | ||
| Hepatitis C | 385 | ||
| COMMON FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN LIVER TRANSPLANTATION | 385 | ||
| Candida Species | 386 | ||
| Aspergillus Species | 386 | ||
| MALIGNANCIES ASSOCIATED WITH LIVER TRANSPLANTATION | 387 | ||
| Dermatologic Cancers | 387 | ||
| Hematologic Cancers | 387 | ||
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence | 388 | ||
| DIFFERENCES IN POSTTRANSPLANT INFECTIONS AND MALIGNANCIES BETWEEN LIVER AND KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS | 388 | ||
| SUMMARY | 389 | ||
| REFERENCES | 389 | ||
| Anesthesia Management of Organ Donors | 395 | ||
| Key points | 395 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 395 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF ORGAN DONORS BEFORE PROCUREMENT | 396 | ||
| Cardiovascular | 397 | ||
| Respiratory | 397 | ||
| Renal | 397 | ||
| Endocrine and Hormone | 398 | ||
| Temperature | 398 | ||
| Metabolic and Others | 398 | ||
| Donors with Extended Criteria | 398 | ||
| Organs from Donation After Cardiac Death | 399 | ||
| Standardized Donor Management | 399 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF ORGAN DONORS DURING PROCUREMENT SURGERY | 400 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF BRAIN-DEAD ORGAN DONORS | 400 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF LIVING ORGAN DONORS | 400 | ||
| LIVING KIDNEY DONOR | 401 | ||
| LIVING LIVER DONOR | 401 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF DONATED GRAFTS AFTER PROCUREMENT | 402 | ||
| REFERENCES | 403 | ||
| Transfusion Medicine and Coagulation Management in Organ Transplantation | 407 | ||
| Key points | 407 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 407 | ||
| HEMORRHAGE | 408 | ||
| MONITORING AND DECISION MAKING | 410 | ||
| Rotational Thromboelastometry Values | 411 | ||
| Liver | 413 | ||
| CARDIOTHORACIC | 416 | ||
| KIDNEY | 416 | ||
| SMALL BOWEL | 416 | ||
| COMPOSITE TISSUE ALLOTRANSPLANTATION | 417 | ||
| REFERENCES | 417 | ||
| Anesthetic Management of Pediatric Liver and Kidney Transplantation | 421 | ||
| Key points | 421 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 421 | ||
| PEDIATRIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION | 422 | ||
| Introduction | 422 | ||
| Indications | 422 | ||
| Absolute Contraindications | 423 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | 424 | ||
| Induction and Maintenance of Anesthesia | 425 | ||
| Lines and Monitoring | 425 | ||
| Lines | 425 | ||
| Arterial access | 426 | ||
| Central access | 426 | ||
| Monitoring | 426 | ||
| Additional monitors and devices | 426 | ||
| Transesophageal echocardiography | 426 | ||
| Continuous renal replacement therapy | 426 | ||
| Pulmonary artery catheter | 427 | ||
| Intraoperative Management | 427 | ||
| Stages of liver transplantation | 427 | ||
| Preanhepatic phase | 427 | ||
| Anhepatic phase | 427 | ||
| Reperfusion | 428 | ||
| Neohepatic phase | 428 | ||
| Perioperative extubation | 429 | ||
| PEDIATRIC KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION | 430 | ||
| Epidemiology and Overview | 430 | ||
| Pathophysiology of End-Stage Renal Disease and Preoperative Evaluation | 430 | ||
| Surgical Considerations and Techniques | 431 | ||
| Anesthetic Management | 432 | ||
| Anesthetic choice | 432 | ||
| Monitoring and vascular access | 432 | ||
| Induction | 433 | ||
| Maintenance | 433 | ||
| Fluid management | 433 | ||
| Hemodynamic goals | 434 | ||
| Diuretics | 434 | ||
| Emergence | 434 | ||
| OUTCOMES | 435 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 435 | ||
| REFERENCES | 435 | ||
| Anesthesia for Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation | 439 | ||
| Key points | 439 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 439 | ||
| RENAL TRANSPLANTATION | 440 | ||
| Epidemiology | 440 | ||
| Eligibility for Transplant | 440 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | 440 | ||
| Preoperative Dialysis | 441 | ||
| Living Versus Deceased Organ Donation | 442 | ||
| Organ Acceptance and Retrieval Considerations | 442 | ||
| Intraoperative Anesthetic Considerations | 443 | ||
| Intraoperative Fluid Management | 444 | ||
| Intraoperative Vasoactive Drugs | 445 | ||
| Intraoperative Renal Protection | 446 | ||
| Complications | 446 | ||
| PANCREAS TRANSPLANTATION | 447 | ||
| Epidemiology | 447 | ||
| Eligibility for Transplant | 447 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | 447 | ||
| Intraoperative Management | 448 | ||
| Complications | 448 | ||
| Islet Cell Transplantation | 449 | ||
| REFERENCES | 449 | ||
| Anesthesia for Heart Transplantation | 453 | ||
| Key points | 453 | ||
| INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY | 453 | ||
| RECIPIENT SELECTION | 456 | ||
| DONOR SELECTION | 459 | ||
| VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES | 460 | ||
| PREANESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS | 461 | ||
| INDUCTION AND MAINTENANCE | 462 | ||
| Monitoring | 463 | ||
| Transesophageal Echocardiography | 463 | ||
| Induction | 463 | ||
| Ventilation | 464 | ||
| MAINTENANCE | 464 | ||
| Before Cardiopulmonary Bypass | 465 | ||
| Weaning from Cardiopulmonary Bypass | 465 | ||
| MANAGEMENT AFTER CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS | 466 | ||
| REFERENCES | 467 | ||
| Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation | 473 | ||
| Key points | 473 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 473 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR LUNG TRANSPLANTATION AND PATIENT SELECTION | 474 | ||
| PERIOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS | 475 | ||
| Preoperative Assessment | 475 | ||
| Preinduction | 478 | ||
| Induction | 478 | ||
| Surgical Aspects and Maintenance of Anesthesia | 479 | ||
| Ventilation Strategies of the Transplanted Lungs | 481 | ||
| Inhaled Pulmonary Vasodilators After Lung Transplantation | 482 | ||
| Transesophageal Echocardiography During Lung Transplantation | 483 | ||
| Fluid Management During Lung Transplantation | 485 | ||
| Other Anesthetic Considerations | 486 | ||
| ROLE OF EXTRACORPOREAL MECHANICAL SUPPORT IN LUNG TRANSPLANTATION | 486 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE PAIN MANAGEMENT | 486 | ||
| SUMMARY | 487 | ||
| REFERENCES | 487 | ||
| Anesthesia for Liver Transplantation | 491 | ||
| Key points | 491 | ||
| LIVER: BASIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY | 491 | ||
| LIVER DISEASE: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 492 | ||
| Liver Cirrhosis | 492 | ||
| TRANSPLANT SELECTION COMMITTEE | 493 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT | 494 | ||
| CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY AND ACUTE LIVER FAILURE | 494 | ||
| THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM | 495 | ||
| Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy | 495 | ||
| Primary Cardiac Disease | 495 | ||
| Coronary artery disease | 495 | ||
| Preoperative Cardiac Assessment | 497 | ||
| PULMONARY SYSTEM | 497 | ||
| Hepatic Hydrothorax | 497 | ||
| THE RENAL SYSTEM | 499 | ||
| THE COAGULATION SYSTEM | 500 | ||
| ANESTHESIA MANAGEMENT | 502 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE COURSE | 504 | ||
| REFERENCES | 505 | ||
| Anesthesia for Intestinal Transplantation | 509 | ||
| Key points | 509 | ||
| INTESTINAL FAILURE AND PARENTERAL NUTRITION DEPENDENCY | 509 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR INTESTINAL TRANSPLANTATION | 511 | ||
| PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION AND LISTING | 512 | ||
| TYPES OF INTESTINAL ALLOGRAFTS | 513 | ||
| Isolated Intestine Allografts | 513 | ||
| Liver–Intestine Allografts | 513 | ||
| Multivisceral and Modified Multivisceral Allografts | 514 | ||
| Living Donor Intestine Allografts | 514 | ||
| INDUCTION IMMUNOSUPPRESSION | 514 | ||
| CONDUCT OF INTESTINAL TRANSPLANTATION | 514 | ||
| ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT | 515 | ||
| PEDIATRIC MANAGEMENT | 517 | ||
| OUTCOMES AND POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 518 | ||
| SUMMARY | 518 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 518 | ||
| REFERENCES | 518 | ||
| Anesthesia and Perioperative Care in Reconstructive Transplantation | 523 | ||
| Key points | 523 | ||
| RECONSTRUCTIVE TRANSPLANTATION | 524 | ||
| ANESTHESIA IN RECONSTRUCTIVE TRANSPLANTATION | 524 | ||
| THE PERIOPERATIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN RECONSTRUCTIVE TRANSPLANTATION | 525 | ||
| Peritransplant Immunosuppression | 526 | ||
| Induction therapies | 526 | ||
| Depleting agents | 526 | ||
| Nondepleting agents | 527 | ||
| Immunomodulatory Protocols | 527 | ||
| KEY PERIOPERATIVE ANESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS | 527 | ||
| ANESTHETIC PROCEDURES AND PROTOCOLS: PEARLS AND PITFALLS | 528 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS RECOMMENDATIONS | 532 | ||
| Blood Loss | 532 | ||
| Intravascular and Airway Access | 532 | ||
| Coagulation Monitoring | 533 | ||
| Pulmonary Protection | 533 | ||
| Sepsis Prevention | 533 | ||
| Preventing Regional Vasoconstriction | 533 | ||
| Pain Management | 533 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 533 | ||
| REFERENCES | 534 |