BOOK
Pulmonary Disease in the Aging Patient, An Issue of Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, E-Book
Sidney S. Braman | Gwen S. Skloot
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, guest edited by Drs. Sidney S. Braman and Gwen S. Skloot, is devoted to Pulmonary Disease in the Aging Patient. Articles in this issue include: The Effects of Aging on Lung Structure and Function; Immunosenescence and the Lungs; Epidemiology of Lung Disease in the Elderly; The Evaluation of Dyspnea in the Elderly; Asthma in the Elderly; COPD in the Elderly Patient; Pulmonary Vascular Diseases in the Elderly; Granulomatous Lung Diseases in the Elderly; Lung Cancer in the Older Patient; Sleep Disorders in the Elderly; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in the Older Patient; and Co-morbidities of Lung Disease in the Elderly.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Pulmonary Diseasein the Aging Patient\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| EDITORS | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Preface: Pulmonary Disease in the Aging Patient | vii | ||
| The Effects of Aging on Lung Structure and Function | vii | ||
| Inflammaging and the Lung | vii | ||
| Lung Diseases of the Elderly: Cellular Mechanisms | vii | ||
| Epidemiology of Lung Disease in Older Persons | vii | ||
| Evaluation of Dyspnea in the Elderly | viii | ||
| Asthma in the Elderly | viii | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Elderly Patients | viii | ||
| Pulmonary Vascular Diseases in the Elderly | viii | ||
| Lung Cancer in the Older Patient | ix | ||
| Sleep in the Elderly: Unanswered Questions | ix | ||
| Comorbidities of Lung Disease in the Elderly | ix | ||
| CLINICS IN GERIATRIC MEDICINE\r | x | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | x | ||
| February 2018 | x | ||
| May 2018 | x | ||
| August 2018 | x | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | x | ||
| August 2017 | x | ||
| May 2017 | x | ||
| February 2017 | x | ||
| Preface\r | xi | ||
| Pulmonary Disease in the Aging Patient | xi | ||
| The Effects of Aging on Lung Structure and Function | 447 | ||
| Key points | 447 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 447 | ||
| STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN LUNG ARCHITECTURE ASSOCIATED WITH AGING | 448 | ||
| EXTRAPULMONARY STRUCTURAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH AGING | 448 | ||
| AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN RESPIRATORY MECHANICS IMPACT EXPIRATORY FLOW AND LUNG VOLUMES | 448 | ||
| AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN GAS EXCHANGE | 451 | ||
| ALTERATIONS IN EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY RELATED TO AGING | 452 | ||
| LUNG FUNCTION TESTING IN THE ELDERLY | 452 | ||
| SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN LUNG STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION ON LUNG DISEASE | 453 | ||
| LUNG STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE ELDERLY AND INHALED THERAPY | 454 | ||
| SUMMARY | 454 | ||
| REFERENCES | 454 | ||
| Inflammaging and the Lung | 459 | ||
| Key points | 459 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 459 | ||
| CHANGES IN THE LUNG WITH ADVANCED AGE | 460 | ||
| INNATE IMMUNE CELLS OF THE LUNG AND CHANGES WITH ADVANCED AGE | 460 | ||
| Macrophages | 460 | ||
| Neutrophils | 462 | ||
| A PARADOX: AGING CAUSES HIGHER CYTOKINE LEVELS IN VIVO, YET REDUCED PRODUCTION BY INFLAMMATORY CELLS IN VITRO | 462 | ||
| WHAT CAUSES INFLAMMAGING? | 463 | ||
| AGING, DYSBIOSIS OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOME, AND THE GUT-LIVER-LUNG AXIS | 463 | ||
| SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 465 | ||
| REFERENCES | 465 | ||
| Lung Diseases of the Elderly | 473 | ||
| Key points | 473 | ||
| AGING LUNG | 473 | ||
| INCIDENCE OF LUNG DISEASE INCREASES WITH AGE | 473 | ||
| CHANGES IN THE HEALTHY AGING LUNG | 474 | ||
| CELLULAR HALLMARKS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC AGING | 475 | ||
| Genomic Instability | 475 | ||
| AGING, LUNG CANCER, AND SMOKING | 476 | ||
| Telomere Attrition | 476 | ||
| Epigenetic Alterations | 477 | ||
| Dysregulated proteostasis | 478 | ||
| Nutrient Sensing | 479 | ||
| Mitochondrial Dysfunction | 479 | ||
| Cellular Senescence | 480 | ||
| Stem Cell Exhaustion | 480 | ||
| Extracellular Matrix Dysfunction | 481 | ||
| SUMMARY | 482 | ||
| REFERENCES | 482 | ||
| Epidemiology of Lung Disease in Older Persons | 491 | ||
| Key points | 491 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 491 | ||
| RESPIRATORY RISK FACTORS | 491 | ||
| RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS | 492 | ||
| COMMON LUNG DISEASES | 493 | ||
| CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE | 493 | ||
| Self-Report | 493 | ||
| Spirometric Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Criteria | 494 | ||
| Spirometric z Scores | 494 | ||
| Chest Imaging | 495 | ||
| ASTHMA | 495 | ||
| Self-Report | 496 | ||
| Spirometry | 496 | ||
| ASTHMA–CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE OVERLAP SYNDROME | 496 | ||
| IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS | 497 | ||
| LUNG CANCER | 497 | ||
| NONRESPIRATORY RISK FACTORS | 498 | ||
| SUMMARY | 499 | ||
| REFERENCES | 499 | ||
| Evaluation of Dyspnea in the Elderly | 503 | ||
| Key points | 503 | ||
| WHAT IS DYSPNEA? | 503 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF DYSPNEA | 504 | ||
| Sensory Receptors | 504 | ||
| Afferent Impulses | 504 | ||
| Integration and Processing Within the Central Nervous System | 506 | ||
| Psychological Factors | 506 | ||
| Neuromodulation | 507 | ||
| DESCRIPTORS OF DYSPNEA | 507 | ||
| UNIQUE FEATURES OF DYSPNEA IN THE ELDERLY | 508 | ||
| Prevalence of Dyspnea | 508 | ||
| Impact of Dyspnea | 508 | ||
| Respiratory Sensation | 508 | ||
| Dyspnea During Exercise | 508 | ||
| APPROACH TO THE ELDERLY INDIVIDUAL WITH DYSPNEA | 509 | ||
| Medical History | 509 | ||
| Physical Examination | 510 | ||
| Suspected Anemia | 510 | ||
| Suspected Cardiovascular Disease | 511 | ||
| Suspected Deconditioning | 512 | ||
| Suspected Psychological Disorders | 512 | ||
| Suspected Respiratory Disease | 513 | ||
| RELIEF OF DYSPNEA | 514 | ||
| Simple and Inexpensive Strategies to Relieve Dyspnea | 514 | ||
| Air movement | 514 | ||
| Release of endorphins | 514 | ||
| Body position | 515 | ||
| Listening to music | 515 | ||
| Pursed-lips breathing | 515 | ||
| Mindful breathing | 515 | ||
| Relieving Dyspnea for Those With Specific Conditions | 516 | ||
| Inspiratory muscle training | 516 | ||
| Neuromuscular electrical stimulation | 516 | ||
| Bullectomy | 517 | ||
| Lung volume reduction surgery | 517 | ||
| Bronchoscopic volume reduction | 518 | ||
| ACUPUNCTURE: AN EMERGING THERAPY | 518 | ||
| SUMMARY | 518 | ||
| REFERENCES | 519 | ||
| Asthma in the Elderly | 523 | ||
| Key points | 523 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 523 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 524 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 525 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES | 526 | ||
| OBJECTIVE MEASURES OF ASTHMA | 527 | ||
| Lung Function Testing | 527 | ||
| Use of Biomarkers | 528 | ||
| ASTHMA PHENOTYPES | 528 | ||
| Early-Onset Versus Late-Onset Asthma | 529 | ||
| Atopic Asthma | 529 | ||
| Obesity and Asthma | 529 | ||
| Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease | 530 | ||
| Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome | 530 | ||
| TREATMENT | 530 | ||
| SUMMARY | 532 | ||
| REFERENCES | 533 | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Elderly Patients | 539 | ||
| Key points | 539 | ||
| PREVALENCE, UNDERDIAGNOSES, AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS | 539 | ||
| Prevalence | 540 | ||
| Underdiagnosis | 540 | ||
| Economic Implication | 541 | ||
| LUNG PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES IN AGING | 541 | ||
| Aging and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 541 | ||
| CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE DIAGNOSIS IN THE ELDERLY | 542 | ||
| Clinical Symptoms | 542 | ||
| Laboratory Test | 543 | ||
| Radiology Evaluation | 544 | ||
| CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE EXACERBATION | 544 | ||
| MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN ELDERLY PATIENTS | 544 | ||
| Smoking Cessation | 545 | ||
| Vaccination | 545 | ||
| Bronchodilator Therapy | 545 | ||
| Antibiotics and Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors | 546 | ||
| Rehabilitation and Supportive Therapy in Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 546 | ||
| Palliative Care | 547 | ||
| SUMMARY | 548 | ||
| REFERENCES | 548 | ||
| Pulmonary Vascular Diseases in the Elderly | 553 | ||
| Key points | 553 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 553 | ||
| NORMAL PULMONARY VASCULATURE | 553 | ||
| CHANGES IN THE PULMONARY VASCULATURE AND HEART WITH AGING | 555 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION | 555 | ||
| GROUP 1: PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION | 556 | ||
| GROUP 2: LEFT HEART FAILURE | 557 | ||
| GROUP 3: LUNG DISEASE AND HYPOXIA | 558 | ||
| GROUP 4: CHRONIC THROMBOEMBOLIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION | 558 | ||
| SUMMARY | 559 | ||
| REFERENCES | 559 | ||
| Lung Cancer in the Older Patient | 563 | ||
| Key points | 563 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 563 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY, RISK, AND AGE-RELATED DISPARITIES IN LUNG CANCER | 564 | ||
| Lung Cancer Screening in Older Adults | 564 | ||
| Age-related Disparities | 564 | ||
| TREATMENT STRATEGY AND COMPREHENSIVE GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT | 566 | ||
| LOCAL THERAPY | 567 | ||
| Surgical Resection | 567 | ||
| Radiation Therapy | 568 | ||
| Radiofrequency Ablation | 568 | ||
| SYSTEMIC THERAPY | 569 | ||
| Adjuvant Chemotherapy | 569 | ||
| Locally Advanced Disease | 569 | ||
| Advanced Disease | 570 | ||
| Small Cell Lung Cancer | 570 | ||
| Targeted Therapies for Actionable Mutations | 570 | ||
| Immunotherapy | 571 | ||
| SUMMARY | 572 | ||
| REFERENCES | 572 | ||
| Sleep in the Elderly | 579 | ||
| Key points | 579 | ||
| NORMAL SLEEP | 579 | ||
| WHAT IS NORMAL SLEEP IN HEALTHY ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS? | 580 | ||
| ARE HEALTHY ELDERLY SUBJECTS SLEEPIER? | 582 | ||
| WHAT IS A NORMAL SLEEP SCHEDULE IN ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS? | 584 | ||
| RAPID EYE MOVEMENT SLEEP BEHAVIOR DISORDER | 584 | ||
| Clinical Characteristics | 584 | ||
| Epidemiology | 585 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 585 | ||
| Diagnosis | 585 | ||
| Treatment | 585 | ||
| WHAT IS INSOMNIA, AND WHEN SHOULD IT BE TREATED IN ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS? | 586 | ||
| Clinical Characteristics | 586 | ||
| Epidemiology | 586 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 586 | ||
| Diagnosis | 587 | ||
| Treatment | 587 | ||
| DOES SLEEP-DISORDERED BREATHING GET WORSE WITH AGING? | 587 | ||
| Clinical Characteristics and Epidemiology | 588 | ||
| Diagnosis | 589 | ||
| WHO SHOULD BE TREATED FOR SLEEP APNEA? | 590 | ||
| SUMMARY | 590 | ||
| REFERENCES | 590 | ||
| Comorbidities of Lung Disease in the Elderly | 597 | ||
| Key points | 597 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 597 | ||
| ASTHMA | 598 | ||
| CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE | 599 | ||
| LUNG FIBROSIS | 599 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT | 600 | ||
| Multidimensional Assessment | 600 | ||
| SUMMARY | 601 | ||
| REFERENCES | 601 |