Menu Expand
Essentials of Radiology E-Book

Essentials of Radiology E-Book

Fred A. Mettler

(2018)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

Ideal for radiology residents and medical students, as well as anyone who reads or orders radiology imaging studies, this user-friendly reference covers the basics of how to approach, read, and interpret radiological images. Using concise, step-by-step explanations and an enjoyable writing style, expert radiologist Dr. Fred A Mettler, Jr., walks you through a sequential thought process for all common indications for radiologic studies and their interpretation. Featuring thorough updates from cover to cover, this resource covers the fundamental information you need to know, as well as recent advances in the field.

  • Covers which modalities to use for common suspected problems, the benefits and limitations of each modality, potential complications, clinical findings, and interpretation tips to facilitate decision-making and treatment.
  • Includes normal images and common variants in primary care practice and life-threatening abnormalities for quick identification and referral – all highlighted with over 1,000 radiographic images, many in comparative panels of normal, abnormal, or correlative findings.
  • Features new information throughout: more than 100 new American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria variants, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), PET/CT, new screening guidelines for colon, breast, prostate and lung cancer, new quality and safety standards, and patient and inter-professional communication.
  • Incorporates today’s greater use of intermediate and advanced imaging technology, including CT, MR, and PET/CT, in addition to an emphasis on the most often-used imaging modalities such as ultrasound and plain film.
  • Addresses core content of human anatomy and function/dysfunction as it relates to modern imaging.
  • Features comprehensive tables of imaging indications for common problems across all body systems for quick reference.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover cover
Inside Front Cover ifc1
Essentials of Radiology i
Copyright Page iv
Preface v
Acknowledgments vi
Table Of Contents vii
1 Introduction 1
An Approach to Image Interpretation 1
X-Ray 1
Computed Tomography 4
Ultrasound 6
Nuclear Medicine 6
Magnetic Resonance Imaging 7
Hybrid Imaging 7
Noninterpretative Skills, Quality, and Patient Safety 7
Medical Errors and Adverse Events 9
Suggested Textbooks and Website 10
General Radiology 10
Nuclear Medicine 10
Ultrasound 10
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance 10
Appropriateness Criteria for Ordering Studies 10
2 Head and Soft Tissues of Face and Neck 11
Skull and Brain 11
Normal Skull and Variants 11
Brain 11
Normal Anatomy 11
Intracranial Calcifications 11
Headache 11
Hearing Loss 19
Head Trauma 20
Suspected Intracranial Hemorrhage 21
Pneumocephalus 22
Hydrocephalus 22
Transient Ischemic Attack 23
Stroke 23
Intracranial Aneurysm 24
Primary Brain Tumors and Metastases 25
Vertigo and Dizziness 26
Suspected Intracranial Infection 27
Multiple Sclerosis 27
Dementia and Slow-Onset Mental Changes 27
Seizures 27
Psychiatric Disorders 28
Face 28
Sinuses and Sinusitis 28
Facial Fractures 29
Zygoma 29
Nasal 30
Orbital 30
Le Fort Fractures of the Face 31
Mandible 32
Soft Tissues of the Neck 32
Epiglottitis 32
Retropharyngeal Abscess 32
Subcutaneous Emphysema 32
Thyroid 33
Parathyroid 33
Suggested Textbooks on the Topic 35
3 Chest 36
The Normal Chest Image 36
Technical Considerations 36
Exposure 36
Male Versus Female Chest 36
Posteroanterior Versus Anteroposterior Chest X-Rays 36
Upright Versus Supine Chest X-Rays 38
Inspiration and Expiration Chest X-Rays 38
Normal Anatomy and Variants 39
Hila and Lungs 40
Diaphragms 44
Bony Structures 44
Soft Tissues 46
Computed Tomography Anatomy 47
The Abnormal Chest Image 47
Admission, Preoperative, and Prenatal Chest X-Rays 47
Chest X-Ray Examinations in Occupational Medicine 47
Silhouette Sign 47
Routine Chest Radiography 52
Portable Chest Radiography in the Intensive Care Unit 52
Tubes, Wires, and Lines 52
Endotracheal Tube 52
Nasogastric Tube 53
Jugular or Subclavian Venous Line 53
Swan-Ganz or Pulmonary Artery Catheter 54
Pleural Tubes 54
Cardiac Pacers and Defibrillators 55
Overlying Electrocardiogram Wires and Tubes 55
Trauma 57
Acute Respiratory Illness 57
The Airways 58
Occlusion 58
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 58
Asthma 59
Bronchiectasis 60
Atelectasis 60
Blebs and Bullae 62
Airspace Pathology 63
Infiltrates and Pneumonias 63
Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults 64
Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients 66
Aspiration Pneumonia 67
Tuberculosis 67
Fungal Lesions 68
Lung Abscess 68
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome 69
Chronic Interstitial Lung Diseases 70
Bioterrorist Agents 71
Hemoptysis 72
Lung Cancer and Nodules 72
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule 72
Screening for Lung Cancer 74
Lung Cancer 74
Hilar Enlargement 75
Metastatic Disease 75
Hypertension 77
Chest Pain and Dyspnea 78
Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Edema 78
Pleural Pathology 81
Pneumothorax 81
Pneumomediastinum 84
Subcutaneous Emphysema 84
Pleural Effusions 85
Empyemas 86
Pleural Calcification and Pleural Masses 86
Mediastinal Lesions 86
Masses 86
Diaphragm 92
Diaphragmatic Rupture 92
Suggested Textbooks on the Topic 92
4 Breast 93
Imaging Methods 93
Interpretation and Workup 93
Screening 95
Breast Pain 96
Suggested Textbooks on the Topic 97
5 Cardiovascular System 98
Normal Anatomy and Imaging Techniques 98
Evaluation of the Cardiac Silhouette 98
Generalized Cardiomegaly 98
Left Atrial Enlargement 102
Left Ventricular Enlargement 104
Aortic Stenosis and Insufficiency 104
Pulmonary Artery Enlargement 105
Congenital Cardiac Disease 105
Pulmonary Embolism 107
Ischemic Cardiac Disease 111
Congestive Failure 111
Coronary Artery Disease and Angina 111
Computed Tomography Coronary Artery Screening and Calcium Scoring 113
Myocardial Infarction 113
Aorta 114
Anatomy and Imaging Techniques 114
Coarctation of the Aorta 115
Aortic Tears 115
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms 116
Aortic Dissection 116
Peripheral Vessels 117
Head and Neck 117
Abdominal Aorta and Iliac Vessels 118
Renal Artery Stenosis and Hypertension 122
Deep Venous Thrombosis 123
Sudden Cold Painful Leg 123
Workup of Claudication 124
Suggested Textbooks on the Topic 124
6 Gastrointestinal System 125
Introduction 125
Imaging Techniques and Anatomy 125
Pneumoperitoneum 127
Intra-Abdominal Abscesses and Fever of Unknown Origin 129
Feeding Tubes 129
Abdominal Calcifications 130
Acute Abdominal Pain 133
Abdominal Trauma 135
Acute Gastroenteritis 135
Abdominal Masses 135
Esophagus 136
Anatomy and Imaging Techniques 136
Dysphagia and Odynophagia 136
Esophageal Diverticula 138
Presbyesophagus 138
Hiatal Hernia and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease 138
Foreign Bodies in the Esophagus 140
Strictures and Dilatation 140
Esophagitis and Tears 141
Varices 143
Tumors 143
Stomach and Duodenum 144
Anatomy and Imaging Techniques 144
Gastritis and Gastric Ulcer Disease 144
Duodenal Ulcers 145
Gastric Emptying 146
Gastric Dilatation or Outlet Obstruction 146
Liver 147
Cirrhosis and Alcoholic Liver Disease 147
Trauma 148
Hepatic Tumors 148
Hepatic Cysts 149
Hepatitis 149
Hepatic Abscess 150
Gallbladder and Biliary System 150
Anatomy and Imaging Techniques 150
Acute Cholecystitis 150
Chronic Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis 153
Biliary Obstruction and Jaundice 153
Pancreas 154
Pancreatitis and Complications 154
Tumor 155
Spleen 155
Splenomegaly 155
Trauma 155
Small Bowel 156
Obstruction Versus Ileus 156
Benign Diseases 158
Tumors 159
Colon 159
Colonic Obstruction Versus Paralytic Ileus 160
Appendicitis 160
Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis 161
Ulcerative Colitis 162
Crohn Disease 162
Ischemic Colitis 162
Infectious Colitis 163
Pneumatosis 163
Polyps 163
Colon Carcinoma 164
Gastrointestinal Bleeding 165
Volvulus 167
Suggested Textbook on the Topic 167
7 Genitourinary System and Retroperitoneum 168
Anatomy and Imaging Techniques 168
Kidneys 170
Congenital Abnormalities 170
Renal Cysts 172
Hematuria 173
Renal Stone Disease 174
Renal Failure 176
Pyelonephritis and Renal Infections 177
Renal Trauma 179
Renal Tumors 179
Renal Artery Stenosis 180
Renal Transplant Evaluation 180
Obstruction of the Renal Collecting System 181
The Ureter 181
Bladder 184
Anatomy and Imaging Techniques 184
Trauma 184
Incontinence 185
Neurologic Abnormalities 185
Infections 186
Tumors 187
Prostate and Scrotum 187
Anatomy and Imaging Techniques 187
Testicular or Scrotal Pain and Masses 188
Female Pelvis 189
Anatomy and Imaging Techniques 189
Infertility 190
Vaginal Bleeding 190
Ectopic and Intrauterine Pregnancy 191
Radiation During Pregnancy 193
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 194
Pelvic Pain and Masses 194
Tumors 194
Adrenal Glands and Retroperitoneum 195
Adrenal Glands 195
Retroperitoneal Adenopathy and Neoplasms 196
General Textbook on the Topic 198
8 Skeletal System 199
Introduction 199
Cervical Spine 199
Normal Anatomy 199
Trauma 203
Degenerative Changes 209
Chronic Neck Pain 210
Thoracic Spine 210
Anatomy 210
Trauma 211
Degenerative Changes 213
Lumbar Spine 213
Normal Anatomy and Imaging Techniques 213
Postsurgical Changes 215
Fractures 215
Degenerative Changes 216
Management of Low Back Pain 218
Infections and Inflammation 218
Spinal Neoplasms and Metastases 219
Unusual Lesions 220
Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Measurements 221
Stress Fractures 222
Shoulder and Humerus 222
Normal Anatomy and Imaging 222
Acute Shoulder Pain 223
Trauma 224
Fractures 224
Acromioclavicular Separation 224
Dislocations 225
Shoulder Pain and Degenerative Changes 225
Tumors 228
Infection 228
Elbow 228
Normal Anatomy and Imaging 228
9 Nonskeletal Pediatric Imaging 291
Suspected Child Abuse 291
Head 291
Imaging Techniques 291
Trauma 291
Headache 291
Childhood Seizures 291
Neck 293
Croup and Epiglottitis 293
Chest 294
Normal Anatomy and Imaging 294
Foreign Bodies 294
Tubes and Lines 295
Respiratory Disease in the Newborn 298
Bronchiolitis, Reactive Airway Disease, and Pneumonia 299
Asthma 302
Cystic Fibrosis 302
Pediatric Abdominal Imaging 302
Esophageal Fistula 302
Acute Gastroenteritis 302
Bowel Obstruction 303
Necrotizing Enterocolitis 305
Meckel Diverticulum 306
Neonatal Jaundice 306
Abdominal Masses 306
Appendicitis 307
Rectal Bleeding 308
Urinary Abnormalities 308
Fever Without Source or Unknown Origin 309
Suggested Textbooks and Website on the Topic 309
Appendix 310
Index 311
A 311
B 312
C 312
D 314
E 314
F 315
G 316
H 316
I 317
J 317
K 317
L 317
M 318
N 318
O 319
P 319
Q 320
R 320
S 320
T 321
U 322
V 322
W 322
X 323
Z 323
Inside Back Cover ibc1